CN101403613A - Novel altimetric measurement methods - Google Patents
Novel altimetric measurement methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN101403613A CN101403613A CNA2008102187591A CN200810218759A CN101403613A CN 101403613 A CN101403613 A CN 101403613A CN A2008102187591 A CNA2008102187591 A CN A2008102187591A CN 200810218759 A CN200810218759 A CN 200810218759A CN 101403613 A CN101403613 A CN 101403613A
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- measuring instrument
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Abstract
The invention discloses a height measurement new method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) firstly a measuring instrument and a tracking prism rod are arranged in the position A with height of HA and the position B with height of HB, respectively; the horizontal distance DAB between the position A and the position B and the angle Alpha between the top connecting line of the measuring instrument and the tracking prism rod, and the horizontal line are measured by the measuring instrument; 2) the measuring instrument is positioned at the position C with the height of HC equal to HA+i-v equal to HB-DAB question mark tanAlpha, and then the tracking prism rod is positioned at the position D with the height to be measured; the horizontal distance between the position C and the position D and the included angle Theta between the top connecting line of the measuring instrument and the tracking prism rod, and the horizontal line are measured by the measuring instrument; and 3) the height HD of the position D to be measured is gained by the formula HD equal to HC+DCD question mark tanTheta; wherein, i is the height of the measuring instrument, v is the height of the tracking prism rod, and the height HB of the position B is known height. The invention greatly simplifies the operating steps and reduces the error sources, and greatly enhances the work efficiency and the measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of height measurement new method, be applicable to the engineering survey among a small circle of wanting refinement high.Belong to the engineering measuring technology field.
Background technology
In the construction survey of engineering, usually relate to the measurement of higher degree, the measurement of higher degree is the discrepancy in elevation according to known elevation and another point of a bit, then by the definition of the discrepancy in elevation, obtains the elevation of unknown point.The present stage measurement of higher degree is divided into measurement of the level, trigonometric levelling, GPS survey height, barometer altimetry etc. by the instrumentation and testing method of using.Measurement of the level is to adopt spirit-leveling instrument and levelling pole according to the discrepancy in elevation of horizontal line of sight mensuration point-to-point transmission, can obtain the altitude figures of degree of precision with levelling process in small area, but be subjected to restrictions such as sight line is short, the discrepancy in elevation is little, and the scope of application is narrower.It is directly to measure topocentric the earth's core three-dimensional coordinate that GPS surveys height, is ground elevation by coordinate conversion, and it has point-to-point transmission not need intervisibility, advantages such as distance is unrestricted, but its cost of observation is higher, and Measuring Time is longer, data are delayed, so it not too is applicable to engineering survey among a small circle.Air pressure instrumentation height is according to the every rising 11m of elevation face, and the air pressure 1mm that descends approximately measures ground elevation, and this method applicability is narrower, not too is applicable to engineering survey.Trigonometric levelling of the prior art is to adopt transit and stadimeter to measure the vertical angle and the distance of point-to-point transmission, press the trigonometry principle, calculate the discrepancy in elevation of point-to-point transmission, this method is a kind of indirect altimetry, can not be subjected to the restriction of topographic relief, and testing speed is very fast, especially along with the appearance of total powerstation, and angle measurement, improving constantly of distance accuracy, this method is widely used in topography mapping especially, line-shape construction, in the engineering surveys such as pipe-networks engineering, but this method also has its shortcoming: this measuring method precision is lower, and when measuring at every turn all requirement get the high and prism height of instrument, troublesome poeration, and increased source of error.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is can not solve the low shortcoming of precision in order to overcome existing engineering intermediate cam measurement of higher degree method, and a kind of height measurement new method is provided.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved by taking following technical scheme:
A kind of height measurement new method may further comprise the steps:
1) at first respectively measuring instrument being placed elevation with the tracking prism bar is H
APosition A and elevation be H
BPosition B on; 2) measure horizontal range D between position A and the position B with measuring instrument
AB, measuring instrument and tracking prism bar top line and horizontal angle α;
2) measuring instrument being placed elevation is H again
C=H
A+ i-v=H
B-D
ABOn the position C of tan α, place on the position D of elevation to be measured following the tracks of prism bar; Measure horizontal range, measuring instrument and prism top line and horizontal angle theta between position C and the position D with measuring instrument;
3) according to formula H
D=H
C+ D
CDTan θ draws the elevation H of position D to be measured
DWherein, i is the height of measuring instrument, and v is for following the tracks of the height of prism bar, B position elevation H
BBe known elevation.
When the distance of position C and position D is far away, consider the influence of earth curvature and atmosphere refractive power, to the elevation H of measured position D
DRevise.According to the gentle poor correction formula of spherical aberration, can get the elevation of position D
Wherein, k=1/7, R are earth radius.
Purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by taking following technical scheme:
Use same measuring instrument and same tracking prism bar in the measuring process of the present invention, so measuring instrument height i and follow the tracks of prism bar height v and fix, and measuring instrument is a total powerstation commonly used in the engineering survey.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
Of the present inventionly utilize known altimeter to calculate an appropriate location to avoid measuring instrument and follow the tracks of of the influence of the height of prism bar to measurement result, thereby avoided the measurement of measuring instrument and tracking prism bar height, simplified operation steps and reduced error source, improved work efficiency widely and improved measuring accuracy.In addition, because as long as the present invention has selected the restriction that is not subjected to the discrepancy in elevation behind the appropriate location, can carry out the measurement of higher degree and the sedimentation and deformation monitoring lower more easily to accuracy requirement in the bigger zone of topographic relief, as the monitoring of settlement plate in the treatment of soft foundation etc., measure elevation with measuring method replacement three of the present invention, fourth-order leveling, accelerated measuring speed greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measuring method synoptic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Measuring principle of the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, can know that the elevation of position B is by the relation among the figure
H
B＝H
A+D
AB·tanα+i-v (1)
Suppose that the B point height is known elevation, the A point height is unknown elevation, by at A point pendulum station, records other tested point elevation.By (1) Shi Kede
H
A＝H
B-(D
AB·tanα+i-v) (2)
Following formula is except D
ABOutside the value of tg α can directly record with full war instrument, measuring instrument height i and to follow the tracks of prism bar height v all be unknown, but as long as instrument leveling frame good after, the high i value of instrument is changeless, adopt same tracking prism bar at observation process, its height v also is constant, and therefore (2) formula can turn to
H
A+i-v＝H
B-D
AB·tanα＝H(3)
By top what-if as can be known, H
AThe value of+i-v is changeless after instrument sets, and promptly the H value is constant, also can calculate.Therefore, as long as measure location point to be measured and elevation is the horizontal range D that H is ordered
AB, measuring instrument and prism top line and horizontal angle α just can obtain the elevation of position to be measured.
Specific embodiment 1
Measuring method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) respectively measuring instrument being placed elevation with the tracking prism bar is H
APosition A and elevation be H
BPosition B on;
2) measure horizontal range D between position A and the position B with measuring instrument
AB, measuring instrument and tracking prism bar top line and horizontal angle α;
3) again measuring instrument being placed elevation is H
C=H
A+ i-v=H
B-D
ABOn the position C of tan α, place on the position D of elevation to be measured following the tracks of prism bar;
4) measure horizontal range, measuring instrument and prism top line and horizontal angle theta between position C and the position D with measuring instrument;
5) according to formula H
D=H
C+ D
CDTan θ draws the elevation H of position D to be measured
D
Wherein, i is the height of measuring instrument, and v is for following the tracks of the height of prism bar, B position elevation H
BBe known elevation.
Specific embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, position C is arranged on from position D to be measured more remote, considers the influence of earth curvature and atmosphere refractive power, the elevation H of measured position D
DRevise, other are identical with embodiment 1.According to the gentle poor correction formula of spherical aberration, can get the elevation of position D
Wherein, k=1/7, R are earth radius.
Specific embodiment 3
Except that position C being arranged on from the D closer distance of position to be measured, other are identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of height measurement new method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) at first respectively measuring instrument being placed elevation with the tracking prism bar is H
APosition A and elevation be H
BPosition B on; Measure horizontal range D between position A and the position B with measuring instrument
AB, measuring instrument and tracking prism bar top line and horizontal angle α;
2) measuring instrument being placed elevation is H again
C=H
A+ i-v=H
B-D
ABOn the position C of tan α, place on the position D of elevation to be measured following the tracks of prism bar; Measure horizontal range, measuring instrument and prism top line and horizontal angle theta between position C and the position D with measuring instrument;
3) according to formula H
D=H
C+ D
CDTan θ draws the elevation H of position D to be measured
DWherein, i is the height of measuring instrument, and v is for following the tracks of the height of prism bar, B position elevation H
BBe known elevation.
2, measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when the distance of position C and position D is far away, consider the influence of earth curvature and atmosphere refractive power, to the elevation H of measured position D
DRevise,, get the elevation of position D according to the gentle poor correction formula of spherical aberration
Wherein, k=1/7, R are earth radius.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102187591A CN101403613A (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2008-10-30 | Novel altimetric measurement methods |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008102187591A CN101403613A (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2008-10-30 | Novel altimetric measurement methods |
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|---|---|
| CN101403613A true CN101403613A (en) | 2009-04-08 |
Family
ID=40537695
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102305617A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2012-01-04 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Method for measuring elevation accurately by total station instrument in engineering |
| CN103322973A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-25 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Method for laying horizontal control network in large-area site |
| CN103399362A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-20 | 河海大学 | Atmospheric refraction coefficient inverting method based on trigonometric leveling network |
| CN103542836A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-01-29 | 大连市勘察测绘研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring control point settlement deformation of subway station |
| CN103983245A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-13 | 华侨大学 | Slope height difference gauge |
| CN105043342A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-11 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Unidirectional precise distance measuring triangulated height measuring method |
| CN105066954A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for measuring height of theodolite |
| CN105352459A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating measuring point of surveying-side front intersection |
| CN110118546A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
| CN110260840A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | The measurement method and system of long bridge bridge pier absolute settlement amount over strait |
| CN111076705A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-28 | 吉林通钢矿业有限责任公司 | Method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using total station |
| CN111504264A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 | Method for measuring equal height of two centering rods and verifying precision of centering rods |
| CN113324516A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-31 | 东南大学 | Method for monitoring vertical displacement precise triangular elevation of pier in water |
| CN114964143A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-30 | 福建汇川物联网技术科技股份有限公司 | Elevation measurement device and elevation measurement method |
-
2008
- 2008-10-30 CN CNA2008102187591A patent/CN101403613A/en active Pending
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102305617A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2012-01-04 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Method for measuring elevation accurately by total station instrument in engineering |
| CN103322973A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-25 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Method for laying horizontal control network in large-area site |
| CN103399362A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-20 | 河海大学 | Atmospheric refraction coefficient inverting method based on trigonometric leveling network |
| CN103399362B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-07-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of Atmospheric Refraction Coefficient inversion method based on trigonometric levelling networks |
| CN103542836A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-01-29 | 大连市勘察测绘研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring control point settlement deformation of subway station |
| CN103542836B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-09-30 | 大连市勘察测绘研究院有限公司 | A kind of method measuring control point settlement deformation of subway station |
| CN103983245A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-13 | 华侨大学 | Slope height difference gauge |
| CN105043342B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-05-24 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Unidirectional precise distance measuring triangulated height measuring method |
| CN105043342A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-11 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Unidirectional precise distance measuring triangulated height measuring method |
| CN105066954A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for measuring height of theodolite |
| CN105352459A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating measuring point of surveying-side front intersection |
| CN105352459B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-12-15 | 武汉大学 | A kind of method for surveying side forward intersection measuring point |
| CN110118546A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
| CN110260840A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | The measurement method and system of long bridge bridge pier absolute settlement amount over strait |
| CN110260840B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-06-29 | 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 | Method and system for measuring absolute settlement of bridge pier of cross-sea long bridge |
| CN111076705A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-28 | 吉林通钢矿业有限责任公司 | Method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using total station |
| CN111504264A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 | Method for measuring equal height of two centering rods and verifying precision of centering rods |
| CN114964143A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-30 | 福建汇川物联网技术科技股份有限公司 | Elevation measurement device and elevation measurement method |
| CN114964143B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2023-06-06 | 福建汇川物联网技术科技股份有限公司 | Elevation measurement device and elevation measurement method |
| CN113324516A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-31 | 东南大学 | Method for monitoring vertical displacement precise triangular elevation of pier in water |
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Open date: 20090408 |