CN111076705A - Method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using total station - Google Patents
Method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using total station Download PDFInfo
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- CN111076705A CN111076705A CN202010072362.7A CN202010072362A CN111076705A CN 111076705 A CN111076705 A CN 111076705A CN 202010072362 A CN202010072362 A CN 202010072362A CN 111076705 A CN111076705 A CN 111076705A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for optimizing triangulation height measurement by using a total station. The method comprises the following steps: 1. the instrument is at any point, but the selected point needs to be visible to a known elevation point. 2. The known elevation point is observed by an instrument, the value of V is measured, and the value of W is calculated. 3. And resetting the elevation of the instrument measuring station as W, and setting the height of the instrument and the height of the prism as 0. 4. The elevation of the point to be measured is measured according to the standard. After long-term exploration, a new method for carrying out triangulation height measurement is summarized. The method combines the characteristics of any station for leveling measurement, reduces the error source of the triangular elevation, and does not need to measure the height of an instrument and the height of a prism during each measurement. The method further improves the precision of the triangulation elevation measurement, and has high measuring speed and measuring speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering construction surveying and mapping, in particular to a method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using a total station.
Background
In the prior art, the calculation of the elevation is one of the indispensable important tasks in the measurement task, and the elevation measurement is often involved in the construction process of the project. The historical traditional measuring method adopts two methods of leveling measurement and triangular elevation measurement, and the two methods have various characteristics but have defects. Leveling is a direct height measurement method, the accuracy of measuring the height difference is high, but leveling is limited by topographic relief, the field work load is large, and the measuring speed is slow. The triangulation height measurement is an indirect height measurement method which is not limited by topographic relief and has higher measurement speed.
With the widespread use of total stations, the method of measuring elevation using a tracking pole in cooperation with a total station is becoming more and more popular, and the use of the conventional triangulation elevation measurement method has shown its limitations.
Conventional methods of triangulation elevation measurement:
as shown in FIG. 1, let A and B be two points with different heights on the ground. Known A Point elevation HA，As long as the height difference H of the point A to the point B is knownABI.e. can be formed from HB=HA+HABObtain the elevation H of point BB。
In fig. 1:
d is the horizontal distance between A, B points.
A is a vertical angle when observing point B at point A.
i is the instrument height of the survey station and t is the prism height.
HAElevation at point A, HBIs the elevation at point B.
V is the height difference between the total station telescope and the prism (V = Dtan a).
First we assume that points a and B are not too far apart and that the level can be considered as a level. To determine the height difference HABErecting a total station at A point, erecting a tracking rod at B point, observing vertical angle, measuring instrument height i and prism height t directly, and if the horizontal distance between A and B points is D, HAB=V+i-t
Therefore, it isHB=HA+Dtanа+i-t （1）
This is the basic formula for triangulation but it is premised on the horizontal plane being the reference plane and the line of sight being in line. Therefore, it is accurate only when the distance between the points A and B is short. When the distance between the points A and B is relatively long, the influence of the bending of the earth and the atmospheric refraction must be considered. From the traditional triangulation height measurement method, the method has the following two characteristics:
1. the total station must be erected at a known elevation.
2. To measure the elevation of the point to be measured, the height of the instrument and the height of the prism must be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing triangulation height measurement by using a total station, which has high measuring speed and high precision aiming at the defects.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the method for optimizing the triangulation height measurement by using the total station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) the total station is randomly positioned like a level, and the elevation of a point to be measured is measured by utilizing a triangulation elevation measurement principle under the condition that the height of the instrument and the height of a prism are not measured.
(b) And B, setting A and B as two points with different heights on the ground, assuming that the elevation of the point B is known and the elevation of the point A is unknown, measuring the elevation of the point A by using a total station, and requiring the selected point A to be capable of being viewed through the known elevation point B.
(c) The total station is used to aim at the point B with known elevation, and the value of V is measured, V = Dtana.
V-is the height difference between the telescope of the total station and the prism,
d-is the horizontal distance between the two points A, B,
a-is the vertical angle at which point B is observed at point A.
And calculating the value of W; hA+i-t=HB-Dtanа=W （3），
(3) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
i-is the instrument height of the station.
t-is the prism height.
HAElevation at point a.
HBElevation at point B.
W-is the elevation of the survey station set in the survey station.
(d) And resetting the elevation of the instrument measuring station as W, and setting the height of the instrument and the height of the prism as 0.
(c) The elevation of the point to be measured is measured according to the standard.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. after long-term exploration, a new method for carrying out triangulation height measurement is summarized. The method combines the characteristics of any station for leveling measurement, reduces the error source of the triangular elevation, and does not need to measure the height of an instrument and the height of a prism during each measurement. The triangulation height measurement precision is further improved, and the measurement speed is higher. 2. And (4) setting any point of the total station, and simultaneously not measuring the height of the instrument and the height of the prism. The elevation of the point to be measured can still be measured. The measured results are theoretically analyzed with higher accuracy than the conventional triangulation because it reduces the sources of error. The whole process does not need to use a steel ruler to measure the height of the instrument, the height of the prism is high, and the error caused in the aspect is reduced. Meanwhile, in the actual measurement, the height of the prism can be changed according to the actual situation, and the actual height of the point to be measured can be calculated on the basis of the measurement as long as the value increased or decreased relative to the initial value t is recorded. 3. The speed of application is faster.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of conventional triangulation height measurements.
Detailed Description
A method for optimizing triangulation elevation measurement by using a total station comprises the following steps:
if we can put the total station at any point like a level instead of putting it on a known elevation point, and measure the elevation of the point to be measured by using the principle of triangulation elevation measurement under the condition of not measuring the height of the instrument and the height of the prism, the measuring speed is faster. Assuming that the elevation of the point B is known and the elevation of the point A is unknown, the elevations of other points to be measured are measured by a total station as shown in FIG. 1. Firstly, the formula (1) shows that:
HA=HB-(Dtanа+i-t) （2）
the above formula is unknown except that the value of Dtana, V, can be measured directly by an instrument. However, it can be determined that once the instrument is set, the value of i will be constant, and the tracking rod is selected as the reflecting prism, assuming that the value of t is also constant. From (2), it can be seen that:
HA+i-t=HB-Dtanа=W （3）
from (3), based on the above assumptions, HAThe + i-t is also fixed at any station and its value W can be calculated.
The method for optimizing the triangulation height measurement by using the total station comprises the following operation processes:
1. the instrument is at any point, but the selected point needs to be visible to a known elevation point.
2. The known elevation point is observed by an instrument, the value of V is measured, and the value of W is calculated. (in this case, constants relevant to the instrument elevation measurement such as the elevation of a measuring station, the height of the instrument and the height of a prism are all arbitrary values, and do not need to be set before measurement.)
3. And resetting the elevation of the instrument measuring station as W, and setting the height of the instrument and the height of the prism as 0.
4. The elevation of the point to be measured is measured according to the standard.
The following theoretically analyzes whether this method is correct.
Binding to (1), (3), HB′=W+D′tanа′ (4)
HB' is the elevation of the point to be measured.
And W is the elevation of the survey station set in the survey station.
D' is the horizontal distance from the measuring station to the point to be measured.
And a' is an observation vertical angle from the station to be measured.
From (4), the elevations of different points to be measured change along with the change of the horizontal distance from the measuring station or the observation vertical angle.
Substituting (3) into (4) shows that:
HB′=HA+i-t+D′tanа′ （5）。
according to the principle of triangulation height measurement
HB′=W+D′tanа′+i′-t′ (6)。
Substituting (3) into (6) shows that:
HB′=HA+i-t+D′tanа′+i′-t′ (7)。
where i ', t' is 0, so:
HB′=HA+i-t+D′tanа′ (8)。
as shown in (5) and (8), the elevations of the points to be measured by the two methods are consistent in theory. That is to say that it is correct to take this method to make the triangulation height measurement.
In summary, the following steps: and (4) setting any point of the total station, and simultaneously not measuring the height of the instrument and the height of the prism. The elevation of the point to be measured can still be measured. The measured results are theoretically analyzed with higher accuracy than the conventional triangulation because it reduces the sources of error. The whole process does not need to use a steel ruler to measure the height of the instrument, the height of the prism is high, and the error caused in the aspect is reduced. Meanwhile, in the actual measurement, the height of the prism can be changed according to the actual situation, and the actual height of the point to be measured can be calculated on the basis of the measurement as long as the value increased or decreased relative to the initial value t is recorded.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the invention and is not intended to limit the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for optimizing the triangulation height measurement by using the total station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) the total station is randomly positioned like a level, and the elevation of a point to be measured is measured by utilizing a triangulation elevation measurement principle under the condition that the height of the instrument and the height of a prism are not measured;
(b) setting A and B as two points with different heights on the ground, assuming that the elevation of the point B is known and the elevation of the point A is unknown, measuring the elevation of the point A by using a total station, and requiring the selected point A to be in communication with the known elevation point B;
(c) aiming at the point B with known elevation by using a total station, measuring the value of V, wherein V = Dtana;
v-is the height difference between the telescope of the total station and the prism,
d-is the horizontal distance between the two points A, B,
a-is the vertical angle at which point B is observed at point A;
and calculating the value of W; HA + i-t = HB-Dtan a = W (3)
(3) In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
i-is the instrument height of the station under test,
t-is the height of the prism,
HA-is the elevation of point A,
HB-is the elevation of the point B,
w-is the elevation of the measuring station set in the measuring station;
(d) resetting the elevation of the instrument measuring station as W, and setting the height of the instrument and the height of the prism as 0;
(c) the elevation of the point to be measured is measured according to the standard.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113358087A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-09-07 | 民航机场建设工程有限公司 | Total station reflection sheet type steel beam deflection measurement method |
| CN114353748A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-15 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Total station triangular elevation back-and-forth measurement method for setting station with distance of 20-40m from prism |
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2020
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101140164A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-12 | 唐发志 | All-station instrument accurate measurement height method |
| CN101403613A (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2009-04-08 | 广州市设计院 | Novel altimetric measurement methods |
| CN102305617A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2012-01-04 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | Method for measuring elevation accurately by total station instrument in engineering |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113358087A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-09-07 | 民航机场建设工程有限公司 | Total station reflection sheet type steel beam deflection measurement method |
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| CN114353748A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-15 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Total station triangular elevation back-and-forth measurement method for setting station with distance of 20-40m from prism |
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