CN110044271B - Method for measuring periodic error of photoelectric distance meter - Google Patents
Method for measuring periodic error of photoelectric distance meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044271B CN110044271B CN201910317071.7A CN201910317071A CN110044271B CN 110044271 B CN110044271 B CN 110044271B CN 201910317071 A CN201910317071 A CN 201910317071A CN 110044271 B CN110044271 B CN 110044271B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the periodic error of a photoelectric distance measuring instrument, which is characterized in that two distance measuring prisms and the photoelectric distance measuring instrument are arranged, the relative positions of the two distance measuring prisms are kept unchanged, the centers of all devices are equal in height and are collinear, the position of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument is moved, and the distance measuring is respectively carried out on the two distance measuring prisms at each position. And calculating the multiple ranging results, solving the cycle error amplitude and the initial phase angle of the photoelectric range finder, and giving out the corresponding measured standard deviation. The invention does not depend on a length standard device, utilizes a forced centering device and a distance measuring prism to measure and calculate the period error amplitude and the relevant parameters of the initial phase angle, and has small manual detection workload; the method has low requirements on the measurement environment, and does not need to meet the harsh use conditions of auxiliary metering equipment such as standard steel tape, grating ruler, laser interferometer and the like; the method can eliminate the influence of the linear error on the measurement result, improve the reliability of the measurement result, and can use the measurement standard deviation to represent the measurement precision level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement performance detection of photoelectric distance meters, in particular to a method for measuring a periodic error of a photoelectric distance meter.
Background
The photoelectric distance meter is based on the characteristic that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air is known, and obtains a distance value by detecting the time of the electromagnetic waves in back and forth propagation on a measured distance, and the distance measuring method mainly comprises a phase method, a pulse method, a frequency conversion method and the like. The distance measurement precision of the photoelectric distance meter is an important index for normal operation of the instrument, and the distance measurement precision can be influenced by the performance of the instrument, a measurement method and the outside during measurement. The periodic error is an error which repeatedly appears by taking the length of an instrument detection ruler as a period, the periodic error is a necessary item no matter what state the photoelectric distance meter is in, when the amplitude of the periodic error is larger than the multiple of the absolute value of the error in the distance measurement, the periodic error is corrected, and the importance of the periodic error in the photoelectric distance meter can be seen. The period error mainly comes from optical and electrical co-frequency signal crosstalk inside the instrument, and the transmitted signal is connected in series to the receiving part through an electronic switch, a power supply, a mixer and the like to form a crosstalk signal, so that the phase difference between a synthesized signal of the crosstalk signal and the ranging signal when the instrument measures and a reference signal is formed, and the period error occurs in a ranging result.
The periodic error of the photoelectric distance meter is verified by adopting a platform method according to the regulations of national standard GB/T14267-2009 photoelectric distance meter and JJG 703--5If a line ruler is used, the light path also needs to be aligned. In summary, the conventional measurement method for the period error of the photoelectric distance meter relies on an expensive high-precision length standard, and has high requirements on the measurement environment and the measurement method, and the measurement methods are in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for measuring a period error of an electro-optical distance measuring device without depending on an expensive length standard and a harsh measurement environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for measuring the periodic error of an electro-optical distance meter comprises the following steps:
s1: a distance measuring prism P1 is arranged on the forced centering device to ensure that the erection position of the distance measuring prism P1 is kept unchanged;
s2: a distance measuring prism P2 is arranged on the forced centering device, so that the distance between a distance measuring prism P1 and a distance measuring prism P2 are equal to the same height, and the distance between a distance measuring prism P1 and a distance measuring prism P2 is equal to half of the length of a precise measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S;
s3: erecting the photoelectric distance meter S along the extension line direction of the connecting line of the center of the distance measuring prism P2 and the center of the distance measuring prism P1, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance meter S to be equal to and collinear with the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s4: according to the distance measurement requirement of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the distance D 'between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 is measured and recorded'i；
S5: taking off the distance measuring prism P1, measuring and recording the distance D between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P2 ″i；
S6: keeping the position of the distance measuring prism P2 unchanged, erecting a distance measuring prism P1 on the forced centering device again, moving the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2 to be equal to and collinear, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s7: repeating the steps S4, S5 and S6, and carrying out n times of measurement so that the positions of the photoelectric distance meter S in the measurement process are uniformly distributed in the range of one time of the precision measurement ruler length of the photoelectric distance meter S;
s8: solving the periodic error amplitude A and the initial phase angle of the periodic error of the photoelectric distance meter S
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the periodic error amplitude a and the periodic error initial phase angle
The calculation is carried out according to a correction formula of the periodic error to the observation distance:
wherein A is a period error amplitude; lambda is the length of the precision measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument;
is a period error initial phase angle; diThe actual distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1; Δ D is the distance between the distance-measuring prism P1 and the distance-measuring prism P2; e'iAnd e ″)iOther errors for ranging the ranging prism P1 and the ranging prism P2, respectively; from equation 2-equation 1, we can see:
wherein e isi＝e″i-e′i(ii) a In formula 3, let
Observed value of distance difference Δ Di＝D＂i-D＇i(ii) a Rewrite equation 3 to:
ΔDi＝ΔD+ei-X cos(θi)+Y sin(θi) (equation 4);
range-difference observations Δ D for a total of n measurementsiAnd obtaining an observation equation set:
d ═ Gm + e (equation 5);
wherein:
further preferably, the cycle error amplitude A and the cycle error initial phase angle
In the periodic error calculation, the observed values are set to have the same precision, the least square method is used for parameter estimation, and the formula 5 is rewritten as follows:
and (3) calculating:
covariance matrix D of parameter mmmComprises the following steps:
wherein
Is the variance of the range-difference observations.
Still further preferably, the periodic error amplitude A and the periodic error initial phase angle
The calculation of (2) further comprises a calculation step of determining a standard deviation by linearizing equations 6 and 7:
compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the periodic error of the photoelectric distance meter has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention does not depend on a length standard device, utilizes a forced centering device and a distance measuring prism to measure and calculate the period error amplitude and the relevant parameters of an initial phase angle, gives the corresponding measured standard deviation, and has small manual detection workload;
(2) the invention has low requirement on the measuring environment, and does not need to meet the harsh use conditions of auxiliary measuring devices such as standard steel tape, grating ruler, laser interferometer and the like;
(3) the invention can eliminate the influence of the linear error on the measurement result, improve the reliability of the measurement result and represent the measurement precision level by the measurement standard deviation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the erection positions of a photoelectric distance meter and a distance measuring prism of the method for measuring the period error of the photoelectric distance meter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for measuring a period error of an electro-optical distance meter, comprising the following steps:
s1: a distance measuring prism P1 is arranged on the forced centering device to ensure that the erection position of the distance measuring prism P1 is kept unchanged;
s2: a distance measuring prism P2 is arranged on the forced centering device, so that the distance between a distance measuring prism P1 and a distance measuring prism P2 are equal to the same height, and the distance between a distance measuring prism P1 and a distance measuring prism P2 is equal to half of the length of a precise measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S;
s3: erecting the photoelectric distance meter S along the extension line direction of the connecting line of the center of the distance measuring prism P2 and the center of the distance measuring prism P1, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance meter S to be equal to and collinear with the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s4: according to the distance measurement requirement of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the distance D 'between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 is measured and recorded'i；
S5: taking off the distance measuring prism P1, measuring and recording the distance D between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P2 ″i；
S6: keeping the position of the distance measuring prism P2 unchanged, erecting a distance measuring prism P1 on the forced centering device again, moving the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2 to be equal to and collinear, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s7: repeating the steps S4, S5 and S6, and carrying out n times of measurement so that the positions of the photoelectric distance meter S in the measurement process are uniformly distributed in the range of one time of the precision measurement ruler length of the photoelectric distance meter S;
s8: solving the periodic error amplitude A and initial phase angle of the photoelectric distance meter S
In step S8, the cycle error amplitude A and the cycle error initial phase angle
The solution of (1) is to calculate according to a correction formula of the periodic error to the observation distance:
wherein A is a period error amplitude; lambda is the length of the precision measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument;
is a period error initial phase angle; diThe actual distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1; Δ D is the distance between the distance-measuring prism P1 and the distance-measuring prism P2; e'iAnd e'iOther errors for ranging the ranging prism P1 and the ranging prism P2, respectively; from equation 2-equation 1, we can see:
wherein e isi＝e″i-e′i. In formula 3, let
Observed value of distance difference Δ Di＝D＂i-D′i(ii) a Rewrite equation 3 to:
ΔDi＝ΔD+ei-X cos(θi)+Y sin(θi) (equation 4);
since n measurements are performed, a total of n observed values of distance difference Δ D are obtainediThe observed values of these distance differences Δ DiRecording to obtain an observation equation set:
d ═ Gm + e (equation 5);
wherein:
in equation 5, the accuracy of each observation value is set to be the same. Using the least squares method for parameter estimation, equation 5 can be rewritten as:
it can be calculated that:
covariance matrix D of parameter mmmComprises the following steps:
wherein
Is the variance of the range-difference observations.
Further, formula 6 and formula 7 are linearized to calculate the periodic error amplitude A and the initial phase angle of the periodic error
Standard deviation of (a):
dA and
reflects the periodic error amplitude A and the periodic error initial phase angle of the photoelectric range finder S
The variation trend of (2) can reflect the accuracy level of measurement.
The invention does not depend on a length standard device, utilizes a forced centering device and a distance measuring prism to measure and calculate the period error amplitude and the relevant parameters of the initial phase angle, and has small manual detection workload; the method has low requirement on the measuring environment, and does not need to meet the harsh use conditions of auxiliary measuring devices such as standard steel tape, grating ruler, laser interferometer and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring the periodic error of a photoelectric distance meter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: a distance measuring prism P1 is arranged on the forced centering device to ensure that the repeated erection position of the distance measuring prism P1 is kept unchanged;
s2: a distance measuring prism P2 is arranged on the forced centering device, the distance measuring prism P1 and the distance measuring prism P2 are equal in height, and the distance between the distance measuring prism P1 and the distance measuring prism P2 is equal to half of the length of a precise measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S;
s3: erecting the photoelectric distance meter S along the extension line direction of the connecting line of the center of the distance measuring prism P2 and the center of the distance measuring prism P1, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance meter S to be equal to and collinear with the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s4: according to the distance measurement requirement of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the distance D 'between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 is measured and recorded'i；
S5: taking off the distance-measuring prism P1, measuring and recording the distance-measuring prism P2Distance D ″i；
S6: keeping the position of the distance measuring prism P2 unchanged, erecting a distance measuring prism P1 on the forced centering device again, moving the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, enabling the center of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S, the center of the distance measuring prism P1 and the center of the distance measuring prism P2 to be equal to and collinear, and enabling the distance between the photoelectric distance measuring instrument S and the distance measuring prism P1 to be more than or equal to 30 m;
s7: repeating the steps S4, S5 and S6, and carrying out n times of measurement so that the positions of the photoelectric distance meter S in the measurement process are uniformly distributed in the range of one time of the precision measurement ruler length of the photoelectric distance meter S;
s8: solving the periodic error amplitude A and the initial phase angle of the periodic error of the photoelectric distance meter S
The period error amplitude A and the period error initial phase angle
The calculation is carried out according to a correction formula of the periodic error to the observation distance:
wherein A is a period error amplitude; lambda is the length of the precision measuring ruler of the photoelectric distance measuring instrument;
is a period error initial phase angle; diThe actual distance between the photoelectric distance meter S and the distance measuring prism P1; Δ D is the distance between the distance-measuring prism P1 and the distance-measuring prism P2; e'iAnd e ″)iOther errors for ranging the ranging prism P1 and the ranging prism P2, respectively; from equation 2-equation 1, we can see:
wherein e isi＝e″i-e′i(ii) a In formula 3, let
Observed value of distance difference Δ Di＝D＂i-D＇i(ii) a Rewrite equation 3 to:
ΔDi＝ΔD+ei-X cos(θi)+Y sin(θi) (equation 4);
range-difference observations Δ D for a total of n measurementsiAnd obtaining an observation equation set:
d ═ Gm + e (equation 5);
wherein:
2. the method for measuring the period error of the photoelectric distance meter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the period error amplitude A and the period error initial phase angle
In the periodic error calculation, the observed values are set to have the same precision, the least square method is used for parameter estimation, and the formula 5 is rewritten as follows:
and (3) calculating:
covariance matrix D of parameter mmmComprises the following steps:
wherein
Is the variance of the range-difference observations.
3. The method for measuring the period error of the photoelectric distance meter as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the period error amplitude A and the period error initial phase angle
The calculation of (2) further comprises a calculation step of determining a standard deviation by linearizing equations 6 and 7:
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