CN110118546A - A method of measuring independent structures elevation - Google Patents
A method of measuring independent structures elevation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110118546A CN110118546A CN201910411634.9A CN201910411634A CN110118546A CN 110118546 A CN110118546 A CN 110118546A CN 201910411634 A CN201910411634 A CN 201910411634A CN 110118546 A CN110118546 A CN 110118546A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for measuring independent structures elevation, it is accurate according to the angle and distance measuring integrated function of total station and its data, easy to operate advantage and characteristic, in conjunction with certain mathematical theory, two are surveyed with tested point energy intervisibility and in the survey station of same vertical guide point in the ground choosing far from structures to be measured, total station is set up in two survey station points respectively, observe two vertical angles and one section of horizontal distance, the height difference on structures top to be measured Yu survey station point is obtained by mathematical computations, pass through the relationship of ground known point and survey station point again, to easily fast obtain the accurate elevation of independent structures.This method only needs two people that measurement work can be rapidly completed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of buildings more particularly to a kind of methods for measuring independent structures elevation.
Background technique
In certain engineerings (such as airport) design, construction, in order to which the function, layout and safety etc. that meet construction project are wanted
It asks, needs to obtain the elevation of the original structures in projects awaiting construction place and periphery, the method that measurement structures elevation generallys use has
The measurement of the level, trigonometric levelling, the GNSS measurement of higher degree, Unsupported Distance Measurement with Total Station, boat are taken the photograph with remote sensing survey etc., and Air China is taken the photograph
With remote sensing method due at high cost, the height accuracy measured is limited, and other several methods require survey crew in measurement and reach
It disposes such as vertical ruler of measuring device to hang ruler, placement prism at tested point, GNSS measuring instrument is installed, and some independent structures such as mountains
On top, the structures in cliffside, water center because place position it is special, nearby often without known elevation starting point, measurement
It is relatively difficult that personnel reach tested point；Some structures also have the danger sources such as high-voltage electricity, intense radiation, and survey crew should not be direct
It is close, such as electric tower, wind-driven generator, offshore beacon tower, airport control tower, electromagnetic radiation tower, military installations.
Common method is as follows:
The conventional method of measurement structures elevation has:
One, the measurement of the level: using level from known point to tested point by leveling line done site by site measure, measure tested point with
Height difference between known point obtains point height to be measured further according to known point height and surveyed height difference.This method needs several survey crews
Cooperation observation, and survey crew will reach towering structure top and hang ruler or placement range finder prism observation, if being located at mountain top, precipice
Structures in side, water then need to carry out multistation by certain route to observe back and forth nearby again without known elevational point.When its operation
Between it is long, observe difficult more, heavy workload.
Two, electromagnetic distance measurement trigonometric levelling: instrument is set up in known point using total station, disposes rib in tested point
Mirror, observed range and vertical angle measure height difference between tested point and known point, further according to known point height and surveyed height difference obtain to
Measuring point elevation.This method must be known elevational point and tested point can intervisibility, and survey crew is needed to reach structures top
Tested point disposes prism or reflector plate, measure website to tested point accurate distance；If it is known that elevational point distance is farther out, then need
It equally to be observed back and forth by certain route multistation with method 1.
Three, GNSS Fitting height measures: by GNSS receiver, utilizing Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) measuring technique
The geodetic height for directly measuring tested point calculates point height to be measured by GNSS coordinate conversion.This method needs survey crew to arrive
GNSS receiver is disposed up to tested point, it is desirable that place is open, and satellite, network signal are good, far from radio emitting source, high voltage power transmission
Line, microwave tower etc., this method are limited by satellite, network signal and ambient enviroment, and operating cost is higher.
Four, Unsupported Distance Measurement with Total Station: being using certain the aerial vertical height difference of point away from ground of total station measurement, further according to ground
Point obtains point height to be measured with known point height difference, and survey crew is needed to reach the vertical base placement reflection rib of object to be measured point
Mirror, this method are only suitable for measuring the elevation of certain aerial point (such as hanging high-voltage line).
Five, boat is taken the photograph and remote sensing survey: being to install aerial surveying camera or remote sensor on aircraft (satellite, aircraft etc.) in the sky, presses
It flies according to certain route and track, obtains the continuous image data of ground object, it is soft by profession in conjunction with ground control point
Part handles image data information resolving, obtains shape, the size and location of subject, to extract atural object by the achievement
Elevation.This method is suitble to large-scale terrain figure, ground elevation illustraton of model, ground orthophotoquad etc. to measure, and executes the time
It is long, high production cost.
The defect of the prior art:
The method of above one, two, three and four requires survey crew and reaches placement measuring device (vertical ruler, placement at tested point
Prism, installation GNSS measuring instrument etc.), and on mountain top, the structures in cliffside, water center arrive because of the special survey crew of place position
It is highly difficult up to tested point, for there is the structures of the danger sources such as high-voltage electricity or radiation, close to structures survey crew have compared with
Big personal injury risk, such as electric tower, wind-driven generator, airport control tower, electromagnetic radiation tower, military installations,
Not only security protection is at high cost but also has very big operating risk；
For the determinand in mountain top, precipice side, water nearby without known elevational point situation, method one and two is needed through excessive
Secondary turn of station, round-trip measurement, are easy to cause error accumulation, and the execution time is long, and observation is difficult more, and workload is very big；
GNSS receiver higher cost is disposed in method three, observation data are limited by satellite, network, environment, surveyed
Accuracy of measurement, which is often protected from environmental, will appear large error even mistake, and for band high-voltage electricity, the places such as electromagnetic wave cannot make
With；
Method four is only suitable for the elevation of certain aerial point of measurement, wherein needing to see in the vertical base placement prism of determinand
It surveys, it is impossible to be used in the vertex elevation of measurement entity structures；
Method five obtains image data resource apparatus and resolves software valuableness, and the execution time is long, and operating cost is high, measurement essence
Spend lower, the unsuitable accurate measurement of higher degree for being used to carry out independent structures.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for measuring independent structures elevation, solve the above-mentioned prior art not
Foot place.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
(1) first survey station point A is set on the ground far from structures side to be measured, is set up in the first survey station point A
First total station A1 is directed at structures top center point K to be measured after carrying out the first total station A1 to leveling is neutralized,
It is that the second survey station point B is set at d with the first survey station point A distance close to structures direction to be measured under the guidance of first total station A1；
The second prism is disposed at (2) second survey station point B, and centering, whole is carried out to the first total station A1 and the second prism respectively
The high i of the first instrument that is flat and then measuring the first survey station point AA, and the high V of the second prism of the second survey station point BB；
(3) the first total station A1 is operated, the high i of the first instrument is inputtedAWith the high V of the second prismB, it is aligned at the top of structures to be measured
Central point K records AK vertical angle α1；
(4) the first total station A1 of operation is directed at the second prism, measures the horizontal distance d of AB1With the height difference h of AB two o'clock1；
(5) the first total station A1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record AK vertical angle α to be measured2；
(6) first survey station point A remove the first total station A1 and dispose the first prism, remove the second prism at the second survey station point B
The second total station B1 is disposed, measures the high V of the first prism after carrying out centering, leveling to the second total station B1 and the first prism respectivelyA
With the high i of the second instrumentB；
(7) the second total station B1 is operated, the high V of the first prism is inputtedAWith the high i of the second instrumentB, it is aligned at the top of structures to be measured
Central point K records BK vertical angle β1；
(8) the second total station B1 of operation is directed at the first prism, measures the horizontal distance d of BA2With the height difference h of BA two o'clock2；
(9) the second total station B1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record BK vertical angle β to be measured2；
(10) observational record is checked, checking calculation observes data, and after meeting total station observation technical requirements, observation is finished,
It is such as undesirable, it observes again；
By repeatedly measuring hanging down between the first total station A1 and the second total station B1 and structures top center point K to be measured
The average value that straight included angle value obtains is respectively the spacing d of α and β and the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B, passes through mathematics
The height difference for calculating tested point Yu ground survey station point obtains structures to be measured further according to the relationship of ground known point and survey station point
Elevation.
A kind of method measuring independent structures elevation of the invention, the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B with to
Surveying structures top center point K can intervisibility.
A kind of method measuring independent structures elevation of the invention, the first survey station point A, the second survey station point B and to
Structures top center point K is surveyed on same vertical guide.
A kind of method measuring independent structures elevation of the invention, the first total station A1 and the second total station B1,
It is used for the different location of same equipment.
A kind of method measuring independent structures elevation of the invention, first prism and the second prism set to be same
Standby different location uses.
The beneficial effect comprise that: the present invention devises a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation, remote
Ground routine measured zone from structures to be measured sets two with tested point energy intervisibility and in a vertical guide by pinpointing, surveying
Survey station point, set up total station observation structures top tested points to be measured in two survey station points respectively, need to only measure two it is vertical
The spacing d of angle α, β and two survey stations point go out the height difference of tested point Yu ground survey station point by mathematical computations, according to ground known point
With the relationship of survey station point, determinand elevation is obtained, this method does not need survey crew and reaches tested point, and two people cooperation can be quick
Complete, it is easy to operate, quick, workload is small, high-efficient, avoid survey crew ascend a height climbing, paddle operation and high pressure is touched
The risk of the dangerous operations such as electricity, electromagnetic radiation, it is more safe and environment-friendly than conventional method, and only need to be in field inspection low volume data, route
Simply, error accumulation is small, and measurement accuracy is high, and this method is for measuring high voltage transmission line tower, wind-power electricity generation wheel, voyage command tower, electromagnetism
When the elevations such as wave launching tower, measuring instrument is not interfered by electromagnetic wave etc., and measurement data is more acurrate reliable, while this method only needs
Outfit conventional measuring equipment, measuring device facility less investment, operating cost are low.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only to
It explains the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figs. 1-2, a method of measuring independent structures elevation, comprising the following steps:
(1) first survey station point A is set on the ground far from structures side to be measured, is set up in the first survey station point A
First total station A1 is directed at structures top center point K to be measured after carrying out the first total station A1 to leveling is neutralized,
It is that the second survey station point B is set at d with the first survey station point A distance close to structures direction to be measured under the guidance of first total station A1；
The second prism is disposed at (2) second survey station point B, and centering, whole is carried out to the first total station A1 and the second prism respectively
The high i of the first instrument that is flat and then measuring the first survey station point AA, and the high V of the second prism of the second survey station point BB；
(3) the first total station A1 is operated, the high i of the first instrument is inputtedAWith the high V of the second prismB, it is aligned at the top of structures to be measured
Central point K records AK vertical angle α1；
(4) the first total station A1 of operation is directed at the second prism, measures the horizontal distance d of AB1With the height difference h of AB two o'clock1；
(5) the first total station A1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record AK vertical angle α to be measured2；
(6) first survey station point A remove the first total station A1 and dispose the first prism, remove the second prism at the second survey station point B
The second total station B1 is disposed, measures the high V of the first prism after carrying out centering, leveling to the second total station B1 and the first prism respectivelyA
With the high i of the second instrumentB；
(7) the second total station B1 is operated, the high V of the first prism is inputtedAWith the high i of the second instrumentB, it is aligned at the top of structures to be measured
Central point K records BK vertical angle β1；
(8) the second total station B1 of operation is directed at the first prism, measures the horizontal distance d of BA2With the height difference h of BA two o'clock2；
(9) the second total station B1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record BK vertical angle β to be measured2；
(10) observational record is checked, checking calculation observes data, and after meeting total station observation technical requirements, observation is finished,
It is such as undesirable, it observes again；
By repeatedly measuring hanging down between the first total station A1 and the second total station B1 and structures top center point K to be measured
The average value that straight included angle value obtains is respectively the spacing d of α and β and the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B, passes through mathematics
The height difference for calculating tested point Yu ground survey station point obtains structures to be measured further according to the relationship of ground known point and survey station point
Elevation.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B and structures top center to be measured
Point K can intervisibility.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first survey station point A, the second survey station point B and structures top center to be measured
Point K is on same vertical guide.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first total station A1 and the second total station B1 are the difference of same equipment
Position uses.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, first prism and the second prism are that the different location of same equipment uses.
Calculating process:
1) vertical angle α, β of AK, BK, the horizontal distance d of AB are 1. calculated separately out by formula；A, B two o'clock are 2. calculated by formula
Height difference h, the height difference H of structures vertex K and the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B to be measured is 3. calculated separately out by formulaAKWith
HBK；
①
②
③
2) according to the known elevational point near the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B, the first survey station is measured with conventional method
The elevation H of point A or the second survey station point BA、HB, the elevation H of structures to be measured is 4. calculated by formulaK；Such as the first survey station point A and the
Two survey station point B are known elevational point, and H is 4. directly calculated by formulaK。
④HK=HA+hAK,HK=HB+hBK
According to the positional relationship of survey station point and structures to be measured and required precision selection duplicate measurements vertical angle and distance
Number.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower",
"front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", " orientation or positional relationships of the instructions such as "inner", "outside"
To be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than indicate or
It implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as
Limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply phase
To importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of " plurality " is two or two
More than.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) first survey station point A is set on the ground far from structures side to be measured, sets up first in the first survey station point A
Total station A1 is directed at structures top center point K to be measured, first after carrying out the first total station A1 to leveling is neutralized
It is that the second survey station point B is set at d with the first survey station point A distance close to structures direction to be measured under the guidance of total station A1；
The second prism is disposed at (2) second survey station point B, and centering, leveling are carried out so to the first total station A1 and the second prism respectively
The high i of the first instrument of the first survey station point A is measured afterwardsA, and the high V of the second prism of the second survey station point BB；
(3) the first total station A1 is operated, the high i of the first instrument is inputtedAWith the high V of the second prismB, it is directed at structures top center to be measured
Point K records AK vertical angle α1；
(4) the first total station A1 of operation is directed at the second prism, measures the horizontal distance d of AB1With the height difference h of AB two o'clock1；
(5) the first total station A1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record AK vertical angle α to be measured2；
(6) first survey station point A remove the first total station A1 and dispose the first prism, remove the second prisms at the second survey station point B
Second total station B1 measures the high V of the first prism after carrying out centering, leveling to the second total station B1 and the first prism respectivelyAWith
The high i of two instrumentsB；
(7) the second total station B1 is operated, the high V of the first prism is inputtedAWith the high i of the second instrumentB, it is directed at structures top center to be measured
Point K records BK vertical angle β1；
(8) the second total station B1 of operation is directed at the first prism, measures the horizontal distance d of BA2With the height difference h of BA two o'clock2；
(9) the second total station B1 is operated again, is directed at structures top center point K record BK vertical angle β to be measured2；
(10) observational record is checked, checking calculation observes data, and after meeting total station observation technical requirements, observation is finished, if not
It meets the requirements, observes again；
By repeatedly measuring the vertical folder between the first total station A1 and the second total station B1 and structures top center point K to be measured
The average value that angle numerical value obtains is respectively the spacing d of α and β and the first survey station point A and the second survey station point B, passes through mathematical computations
The height difference of tested point and ground survey station point out obtains the height of structures to be measured further according to the relationship of ground known point and survey station point
Journey.
2. a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first survey station
Point A and the second survey station point B and structures top center point K to be measured can intervisibilities.
3. a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first survey station
Point A, the second survey station point B and structures top center point K to be measured are on same vertical guide.
4. a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first whole station
Instrument A1 and the second total station B1 is that the different location of same equipment uses.
5. a kind of method for measuring independent structures elevation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first prism
It is that the different location of same equipment uses with the second prism.
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| CN201910411634.9A CN110118546A (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2019-05-17 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110763191A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏师范大学 | Method and device for measuring underground front-back vision combined measurement triangle elevation |
| CN113899428A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-01-07 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring river channel water surface elevation and plane coordinates |
| CN117570912A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-20 | 兰州交通大学 | Triangular elevation measurement method without visual observation and atmospheric refraction influence |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110763191A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏师范大学 | Method and device for measuring underground front-back vision combined measurement triangle elevation |
| CN113899428A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-01-07 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring river channel water surface elevation and plane coordinates |
| CN117570912A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-20 | 兰州交通大学 | Triangular elevation measurement method without visual observation and atmospheric refraction influence |
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Application publication date: 20190813 |