CN101400878B - 组合有电动机的正时链传动机构 - Google Patents

组合有电动机的正时链传动机构 Download PDF

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CN101400878B
CN101400878B CN2006800538018A CN200680053801A CN101400878B CN 101400878 B CN101400878 B CN 101400878B CN 2006800538018 A CN2006800538018 A CN 2006800538018A CN 200680053801 A CN200680053801 A CN 200680053801A CN 101400878 B CN101400878 B CN 101400878B
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transmission device
motor
torsion
correct time
operation conditions
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CN101400878A (zh
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沃尔克·赫希曼
伯恩哈德·沙克特纳
托马斯·芬克
莱因哈德·拉希
伯恩哈德·霍夫曼
安德列亚斯·格伦德尔
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Eves Engine System Co ltd
Compact Dynamics GmbH
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Eves Engine System Co ltd
Compact Dynamics GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/06—Engines with means for equalising torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/022—Chain drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/024—Belt drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B65/00—Adaptations of engines for special uses not provided for in groups F02B61/00 or F02B63/00; Combinations of engines with other devices, e.g. with non-driven apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
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    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
    • F01L2810/04—Reducing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
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    • F01L2820/03—Auxiliary actuators
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机的正时传动机构，内燃机包括曲轴、至少一个凸轮轴、与曲轴连接的从动轮、至少一个驱动相关凸轮轴的驱动轮以及将从动轮与所述至少一个驱动轮相互连接起来的传动装置，其中，设电动机，它与曲轴和所述至少一个凸轮轴错开以及相对于有关的从动轮和所述至少一个有关的驱动轮错开地借助中间齿轮与传动装置接合；以及设控制装置，电动机可由控制装置控制为，以传动装置的至少一种运行参数和/或至少一种运行状况为基础，可在传动装置中加入和/或可从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。此外还揭示一种相应的方法。

Description

组合有电动机的正时链传动机构
本发明涉及一种内燃机的正时传动机构，包括曲轴、至少一个凸轮轴、与曲轴连接的从动轮、至少一个驱动相关凸轮轴的驱动轮以及将从动轮与所述至少一个驱动轮相互连接起来的传动装置。
尤其在过去的十年中采取了多种措施，将内燃机在其运行特性方面设计得更加安静。正时传动机构也应当安静和尽可能低噪声地运行。如果在正时传动机构中使用柔性的环行机构，如链和皮带，则设置专用的张紧装置和导引装置，为的是实现正时传动机构尽可能安静地运行。在使用正时链时，也可看出朝齿形链方向的发展趋势，因为它们再次有助于降低噪声。将曲轴的从动轮与一个曲轴的驱动轮或多个曲轴的驱动轮互相连接起来的传动装置，可以涉及皮带、链或齿轮传动装置，或这些结构方案的混合形式。
本发明的目的是，为前言所述类型的正时传动机构创造一些新的易于实施的发展可能性，并尽管如此仍能改善正常运行时的耐久性。
按本发明为达到此目的采取的措施是，设有一电动机，它与曲轴和所述至少一个凸轮轴错开以及相对于有关的从动轮和至少一个有关的驱动轮错开地借助中间轮与传动装置接合；以及设有一控制装置，电动机可由该控制装置控制为，以传动装置的至少一种运行参数和/或至少一种运行状况为基础，可在传动装置中加入和/或可从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩(Drehmomentprofil)。基于此配置和中间轮的介入，也可以说电动机被组合在传动装置内。因此，传动装置定义为没有曲轴、从动轮和一个(多个)凸轮轴和一个或多个驱动轮。这意味着，所述至少一个运行参数或所述至少一种运行状况反映了传动装置的状态或状况。与之对照，应补偿曲轴旋转不均匀性的措施是众所周知的。当这些不均匀性也在传动装置上传递时，在传动装置内部所起的作用则与对曲轴本身的作用完全不同。若人们设想将带曲轴以及至少一个凸轮轴的正时传动机构简化为大的质量(曲轴)、小的质量(一个或多个凸轮轴)，以及将传动装置设想为将它们互相连接起来的弹簧，则可易于看出，在弹簧系统中的状态与在两个质量中的状态完全不同。在凸轮轴上采取的措施同样是已知的。在这方面例如可列举DE442577A1、DE19532129A1、DE19939605A1和JP2002-309961A。然而这些已知的措施没有动用传动装置的运行状况和运行状态，以及迄今不知道根据这些运行状态在传动装置中有针对性地借助电动机干预。因此，附加的电动机通过它与传动装置接合直接影响正时传动机构。电动机不仅通过加入而且通过抽取扭矩来改变振动系统“传动装置”，由此它基于通过控制装置有控制地干预，有针对性地对此动态系统施加影响。电动机直接干预传动装置初看起来是不利的；然而这一点是在电动机相对于曲轴和相对于一个或多个凸轮轴错移的情况下实现的，因此电动机仅间接地通过与之处于接合状态的传动装置影响曲轴和一个或多个凸轮轴。因而传动装置的一部分作为缓冲机构处于曲轴与一个或多个凸轮轴之间。
此外，可以设置一个检测和/或评估装置，借助它可检测和/或可评估传动装置的所述至少一种运行参数和/或所述至少一种运行状况，其中，作为一种运行参数检测和/或评估传动装置的振动状态，和/或作为一种运行状况检测和/或评估传动装置的振动状况。
由此可以通过反向激振减小在传动装置内产生的振动，以及防止形成共振。为此可以直接检测一些参量或基于已知的特性，例如借助发动机万有特性曲线进行评估。传动装置产生的共振是事先已知的。此外，通过这一功能有可能实现正时传动机构的构件的缩小化(Down-Sizing)。
特别有利地，按本发明的一种方案在传动装置中通过柔性环行机构工作。为此，按一种方案传动装置有至少一个正时链。正时链非常容易倾向于振动，因此在这里通过加入和抽取扭矩的恰当的措施导致良好的收益。
此外，中间轮与至少一条正时链啮合。因此发动机直接与正时链接合。
可以使用正时链传动机构，其中，曲轴链轮通过单或双正时链直接与一个凸轮或多个凸轮连接。另一些结构方案规定，第一正时链与一个有两个齿环的中间轴链轮连接。第二个不与第一正时链啮合的齿环驱动第二正时链，它绕一个凸轮轴链轮或多个凸轮轴链轮运行。按这种设计也可以使用正时链不同的节距。此外可以提供变速比，它导致曲轴链轮与一个或多个凸轮轴链轮之间有利的传动比。中间轴也可以用于驱动辅助设备。
按一种结构方案，设有一中间轴，它借助第一正时链与曲轴作用连接，以及借助第二正时链与所述至少一个凸轮轴作用连接，其中，电动机直接与中间轴接合。此外，中间轴也可以利用来驱动辅助设备，例如高压泵。采用这种方案也可以在曲轴链轮与一个或多个凸轮轴链轮之间实现一种变速比。由此可以优化各链轮的齿数。通过直至中间轴链轮比较短的链股，电动机也可以通过加入和/或抽取扭矩更有利地影响正时链传动机构的总特性。
在这里优选地，中间轴设计为电动机的转子轴或与之同轴连接，由此在中间轴区域内得到一种非常紧凑的布局。此外，所述中间轴的配置的另一个优点是，电动机可以错开地装在真正的发动机体旁，从而仅电动机的转子轴插入充填油的正时链箱或腔内。电动机因此可以方便地相对于润湿正时链传动机构的油密封，因为只须密封插入油腔内的转子末端。电动机的整个定子可定位在油腔外部。因此定子可以在发动机体旁延伸，所以与类似的没有电动机的内燃机相比，此内燃机不必加长。
此外，控制装置可以设计为调节器，以及电动机可由此调节器调整为，借助电动机有控制地可在传动装置中加入和/或可从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。因此它应涉及一种闭式调节回路，它需要提取调节参量，所以附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩在调节回路的框架内可以再调。因此取决于调节回路的延时，得到一种基本上与具体运行条件的直接匹配。
此外还可以规定，调节器与传感器连接，借助传感器可以检测至少一个取决于传动装置运行参数和/或运行状况的信号，并可进一步传给调节器，其中，电动机可借助调节器调整为，借助该电动机根据运行参数和/或运行状况可在传动装置中加入和/或可从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。因此在这里存在可能性，检测一个或多个影响正时链传动机构的参量，以及可以一起输入电动机调节器中。有利地，确定在内燃机运行期间的运行参数而不是确定停车参量。
按另一项设计，电动机构成内燃机的起动电机。因此，通过传动装置基于例如正时链高的稳定性，可以顺利地实现起动，并由此避免附加的结构费用。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于内燃机的正时传动机构的运行方法，其中，电动机与曲轴和至少一个凸轮轴错开并分离，以及相对于有关的驱动轮和至少一个相关的从动轮错开地组合在一个将驱动轮与所述至少一个从动轮相互连接起来的传动装置中，并可借助控制装置控制为，借助电动机可在传动装置中加入和/或可从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。此方法包括以下步骤：
检测传动装置的至少一种运行参数和/或一种运行状况；
借助控制装置控制电动机，以便根据至少一种运行参数和/或运行状况，在传动装置中加入和/或从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。
这种方法开启了改善正时传动机构的多种多样可能性。例如，在正时传动机构中产生的振动可以借助电动机通过反向激振减小，并防止形成共振。因为在设计正时传动机构的构件时振动起重要的作用，所以也可以采取减小尺寸(Down-Sizing)措施，它们导致这种成批产品降低价格。此外，基于减小了振动所以也可以改善凸轮-气门升程(NVH)特性，由此也在正时传动机构外部获益。
此外，可以检测和/或评估至少一种可推断出在传动装置中产生振动的运行参数和/或传动装置的振动状况作为运行状况，以及控制装置控制电动机，以便根据至少一种运行参数和/或运行状况，为了阻尼振动在传动装置中加入和/或从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。因此这样一种运行参数可以直接或间接推断出正时传动机构的振动状态。基于所述方法方案的优点上面己经阐明。
此外，电动机可以借助正时传动机构起动内燃机。在这里将扭矩加入正时传动机构。与所采用的大多数起动电机不同的是，这种起动电机借助正时传动机构始终与内燃机连接(没有脱开和接合)，由此使起动电机磨损较少。由于电动机有其他可能的多种功能，所以电动机的这种持续的共同运行没有坏处。
此外，按一种方案还存在这样一种可能性，电动机在正时传动机构预定的运行状况期间按发电机模式工作并输出电能。这些电能然后可例如馈入汽车的整车电源中。必要时也可以给电池和蓄电器充电。作为运行状况可考虑内燃机的怠速状况或制动状况。附加地也可以通过改善发动机负荷率有可能时还进一步提高和附加储存总效率。
另一种方法的方案规定，电动机在预定的运行状况期间借助正时传动机构给内燃机提供扭矩支持。所述扭矩支持还可以加强，亦即可以涉及一种升压功能。这尤其可以在下列情况下实现：预定的运行状况是内燃机的一种传递到正时传动机构的传动装置上的增压盲区(Turboloch)运行状况。由此可以改善内燃机的起动特性。
但这种扭矩支持也可以在下列情况下实现：预定的运行状况是内燃机的一种在正时传动机构传动装置上传递的熄火状况。因此，尤其在汽车起动和/或制动时具有合理的优点，因为电动机支持性干预。
一种方法的方案规定，控制装置设计为调节器，以便根据至少一种运行参数和/或运行状况，有控制地在传动装置中加入和/或从传动装置抽取附加的扭矩和/或调制扭矩。因此电动机的全部控制在一个调节回路内部完成，从而实施持续地应答和重调，以适应运行状况或连续改变的运行状况。
在这里为了完整起见还应提及，在正时传动机构中实施各构件基本上同步驱动(运行)。
此外，电动机(电机)可以通过一个可控制的传动装置连接。因此电机可以与正时传动机构不同的转速运行。在这里作为例子可以列举在非常低的温度时的冷起动。
下面借助附图详细说明本发明。
附图1示意表示带有正时链传动机构的内燃机的透视图。
当然，本发明不限于使用正时链传动机构，而是作为传动装置也可以使用皮带和齿轮传动装置，以及包括链传动机构在内的所有传动装置的混合形式。
图中表示的内燃机1有发动机体2，其中在下部区内用虚线示意表示曲轴3，在上部区内用虚线示意表示凸轮轴4。图中表示内燃机1前侧打开，所以可以看到正时链传动机构5。正时链传动机构5或装在发动机体2的箱内，或被盖(未表示)封闭。曲轴3的轴端6从发动机体2前侧伸出，以及在轴端6上旋转固定地安装一个曲轴链轮7。同样，凸轮轴4的轴端8也从发动机体2前侧伸出，以及在轴端8上旋转固定地安装一个凸轮轴链轮9。
此外，发动机体2有一个突出的壁段10，中间轴12的轴端11穿过它插入，以及在轴端11上旋转固定地安装一个中间轴链轮13。中间轴链轮13有第一齿环区13.1和第二齿环区13.2。中间轴12与通过法兰固定在壁段10上的电动机14的转子轴一致。电动机14装在发动机体2的侧旁。
中间轴链轮13的第一齿环区13.1和第二齿环区13.2互相旋转固定地设置，其中第一齿环区13.1借助第一正时链15与曲轴链轮7连接，以及第二齿环区13.2借助第二正时链16与凸轮轴链轮9连接。通过使用中间轴12和包括第一齿环区13.1和第二齿环区13.2的中间轴链轮13，可以获得一种变速比，它导致全部链轮有比较有利的链轮尺寸。此外，所使用的第一正时链15的节距与所使用的第二正时链16的节距可以不同，由此可以实现减小振动。作为正时链既可以使用套筒-滚柱链，也可以采用齿形链。
壁段10设计为正时链传动机构5安装箱的组成部分，或同样被前盖覆盖，从而得到一个用于正时链传动机构5封闭的润滑油腔。
电动机14借助导线18.1-18.3与一个控制和调节装置17连接。供电也可以借助它们进行。所述控制和调节装置17安装在发动机体2的另一个壁段19上，并借助导线20.1和20.2与汽车的车载电子设备连接。此外，在正时链传动机构5的区域内设置一个传感器21，它借助导线22与控制和调节装置17连接。传感器21设置为能测量第一正时链15的振动作为一种运行参数。可以设置另一些传感器，用于检测不同的运行参数(包括转速、发动机通用特性曲线等)，它们的数据和信号进一步传给控制和调节装置17。然后，控制和调节装置17能够根据运行参数或运行状况来控制或调节控制所述电动机14。
下面详细说明上述实施例的作用和工作方式。
电动机14借助中间轴链轮13以这样的方式组合在正时链传动机构5内，即，使电动机可以有控制或调节地向正时链传动机构5内加入或从中抽取扭矩和/或调制扭矩。所述扭矩的加入或取出可以使用于不同的功能。例如可以通过反向激振减少在正时链传动机构内产生的振动和防止形成共振。为此在图示的实施例中传感器21记录第一正时链15的激振，并将其进一步向控制和调节装置17通报。一旦此振动增大，借助电动机14有意识地在正时链传动机构5内加入或抽取扭矩，从而再次减小振动。由于所述的功能，必要时可以实施正时传动机构的构件尺寸减小以及改善NVH特性。用于调节的数据也可以通过电动机14和通过发动机控制器或其他已经存在的传感器、通用特性曲线或控制器提供。
按另一种方案，电动机14可以设计为起动电机并起动内燃机1。当电动机14还承担起其他任务之后，它通过中间链轮13持续干预所述正时链传动机构5就并无不利。
此外，电动机14可按发电机模式运行，从而可以将电能馈入车载电源中，或可以给电池和蓄电器充电。这种运行状况可尤其在内燃机1怠速时或发动机制动状况时出现。
也可以借助扭矩支持实现一种升压功能。在这种升压功能的情况下，电动机14在规定的转速范围在正时链传动机构5内引入增大的扭矩，以例如补偿增压盲区。类似的扭矩加入也可以在防熄火的框架内进行。全部上述功能可以只是在通过相应地检测内燃机1的运行参数或运行状况能够控制或调节电动机14时才实施。
为了完整起见需提及的是，中间轴12也可以用于驱动辅助设备，例如高压泵。
本发明优先在正时链传动机构5中减小振动。但与此同时通过电动机14的所述配置也还可以实现其他一系列功能。电动机14的连接应以这样的方式进行，即，电动机将其定子布置在无油的区域内，而中间轴12的轴端11插入正时链传动机构5的油腔中。电动机14也可以在含油的环境内运行。在这种情况下油也可以用作冷却剂。
也可以采用有两个凸轮轴的正时链传动机构，或采用没有中间轴或有多个中间轴的正时链传动机构。
发动机的工况点和由此得出的调节策略，或许也可以例如借助LAN-BUS(局域网总线)从所述发动机控制器中读出。

Claims (18)

1.一种内燃机(1)的正时传动机构(5)，包括曲轴(3)、至少一个凸轮轴(4)、与曲轴(3)连接的从动轮(7)、至少一个驱动有关凸轮轴(4)的驱动轮(9)以及将从动轮(7)与所述至少一个驱动轮(9)相互连接起来的传动装置，其特征为：设有一电动机(14)，该电动机与曲轴(3)和所述至少一个凸轮轴(4)错开以及相对于有关的从动轮(7)和所述至少一个有关的驱动轮(9)错开地借助中间轮与所述传动装置接合；以及设有一控制装置(17)，所述电动机(14)可由该控制装置(17)控制为，以所述传动装置的至少一种运行参数或至少一种运行状况为基础，可在所述传动装置中加入或可从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
2.按照权利要求1所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，设有一检测和评估装置，借助它可以检测或可以评估传动装置的所述至少一种运行参数或所述至少一种运行状况，其中，作为一种运行参数检测或评估传动装置的振动状态，或作为一种运行状况检测或评估传动装置的振动状况。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述传动装置包括至少一条正时链(15、16)。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述中间轮与至少一条正时链(15、16)接合。
5.按照权利要求1所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，设有一中间轴(12)，该中间轴借助第一正时链(15)与曲轴(3)作用连接，以及借助第二正时链(16)与所述至少一个凸轮轴(4)作用连接，其中，所述电动机(14)直接与所述中间轴(12)接合。
6.按照权利要求5所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述中间轴(12)设计为电动机(14)的转子轴或与该转子轴同轴连接。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述控制装置(17)设计为调节器，所述电动机(14)可由该调节器这样调整，即，借助所述电动机(14)有控制地可在所述传动装置中加入或可从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
8.按照权利要求7所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述调节器与传感器(21)连接，借助该传感器可以检测至少一个取决于传动装置运行参数和/或运行状况的信号，并可进一步传给所述调节器，其中，所述电动机可借助所述调节器调整为，借助该电动机(14)并根据所述运行参数或运行状况可在所述传动装置中加入或可从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的正时传动机构(5)，其特征为，所述电动机(14)设计为内燃机(1)的起动电机。
10.一种内燃机(1)的正时传动机构(5)的运行方法，其中，一电动机(14)与曲轴(3)和至少一个凸轮轴(4)错开并分离以及相对于有关的从动轮和至少一个相关的驱动轮错开地、组合在一个将所述从动轮与所述至少一个驱动轮相互连接起来的传动装置中，并可借助一控制装置(17)被这样控制，即，借助所述电动机(14)可在所述传动装置中加入或可从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩，此方法包括以下步骤：
检测所述传动装置的至少一种运行参数或一种运行状况；
借助所述控制装置(17)控制所述电动机(14)，以便根据至少一种运行参数或运行状况，在所述传动装置(5)中加入或从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法，其特征为，检测或评估至少一种可据此推断出在所述传动装置中产生振动的运行参数或所述传动装置的振动状况作为运行状况，以及所述控制装置(17)控制所述电动机(14)，以便根据所述至少一种运行参数或运行状况，为了阻尼振动在所述传动装置中加入或从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征为，所述电动机(14)借助所述正时传动机构(5)起动内燃机(1)。
13.按照权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征为，所述电动机(14)在所述正时传动机构(5)预定的运行状况期间按发电机模式工作并输出电能。
14.按照权利要求13所述的方法，其特征为，所述预定的运行状况是内燃机(1)的一种传递到所述正时传动机构(5)上的怠速或制动状况。
15.按照权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征为，所述电动机(14)在预定的运行状况期间借助所述正时传动机构(5)对内燃机(1)提供扭矩支持。
16.按照权利要求15所述的方法，其特征为，所述预定的运行状况是内燃机(1)的一种传递到所述正时传动机构(5)的传动装置上的增压盲区运行状况。
17.按照权利要求15所述的方法，其特征为，所述预定的运行状况是内燃机(1)的一种在正时传动机构(5)传动装置上传递的熄火状况。
18.按照权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征为，所述控制装置(17)设计为调节器，以便根据至少一种运行参数或运行状况，有控制地在所述传动装置中加入或从所述传动装置抽取附加的扭矩或调制扭矩。
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