CN107914565A - 混合动力电动驱动器和起动混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃机的方法 - Google Patents

混合动力电动驱动器和起动混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃机的方法 Download PDF

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CN107914565A
CN107914565A CN201710904131.6A CN201710904131A CN107914565A CN 107914565 A CN107914565 A CN 107914565A CN 201710904131 A CN201710904131 A CN 201710904131A CN 107914565 A CN107914565 A CN 107914565A
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traction
driver
hybrid electric
clutch
flywheel
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贝恩德·斯坦纳
赖纳·基恩
莫里茨·克劳斯·施普林格
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/006—Starting of engines by means of electric motors using a plurality of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/08—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing being of friction type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/045—Starter temperature or parameters related to it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)具有至少一个牵引电机(2、18)、至少一个牵引内燃机(3)、至少一个第一离合器(5)、至少一个第二离合器(7)以及至少一个飞轮(12)，牵引电机(2、18)可以通过至少一个第一离合器(5)与混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)的传动系(6)暂时脱离，可以由牵引电机(2、18)驱动的牵引驱动器(8、20)可以通过至少一个第二离合器(7)与牵引内燃机(3)的曲轴暂时脱离。为了提供可以更经济地制造并且具有减轻重量的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)包括至少一个齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)，当离合器(5、7)脱离时，牵引电机(2、18)可以通过齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)可操作地连接到飞轮(12)。

Description

混合动力电动驱动器和起动混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃 机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器，该混合动力电动驱动器具有至少一个牵引电机、至少一个牵引内燃机、至少一个第一离合器、至少一个第二离合器以及至少一个飞轮，牵引电机可以通过至少一个第一离合器与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离，可以由牵引电机驱动的牵引驱动器可以通过至少一个第二离合器与牵引内燃机的曲轴暂时脱离。
本发明还涉及一种用于起动机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃机的方法，其中混合动力电动驱动器具有至少一个牵引电机、至少一个牵引内燃机、至少一个第一离合器、至少一个第二离合器以及至少一个飞轮，牵引电机可以通过至少一个第一离合器与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离，可以由牵引电机驱动的牵引驱动器可以通过至少一个第二离合器与牵引内燃机的曲轴暂时脱离。
背景技术
用于机动车辆的常规混合动力电动驱动器包括牵引电机和牵引内燃机。混合动力电动驱动器还可以具有用于阻尼振动和起动牵引内燃机的飞轮。飞轮首先被设置为旋转以起动牵引内燃机，并且然后连接到牵引内燃机的曲轴。牵引电机可以与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离。
用于起动混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃机的不同选择是已知的。例如，可以使用带式起动发电机(BSG)，其具有通过皮带传动机构连接到牵引内燃机的曲轴的电机。与其中驱动小齿轮驱动飞轮的常规起动机相比，带式起动发电机的形式的起动机可以以相当大的噪声降低操作，因此具有降低的起动噪声。
作为混合动力电动驱动器的带式起动发电机的一部分的牵引电机辅助驾驶操作，特别是在轻度混合动力的情况下，但是产生相对较低的最大驱动扭矩。结果是，这种牵引电机通常不能在非常冷的环境中起动牵引内燃机。因此，需要另外安装常规起动马达，这增加了相应配置的机动车辆的成本和重量并且影响混合动力电动驱动器的尺寸。
此外，已知的混合动力电动驱动器，除了牵引电机、牵引内燃机和飞轮之外还具有牵引电机可借以与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离的第一离合器、和由牵引电机驱动的牵引驱动器可借以与牵引内燃机的曲轴暂时脱离的第二离合器。这种混合动力电动驱动器也称为P2混合动力电动驱动器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力电动驱动器，该混合动力电动驱动器可以更经济地制造并且具有减轻的重量。
该目的通过独立权利要求来实现。在下面的说明书、从属权利要求和附图中再现了有利的实施例，其中这些实施例在每种情况下单独或在彼此的各种组合中可以表示本发明的发展，也特别是本发明的优选或有利方面。混合动力电动驱动器的优选发展可以在这里对应于该方法的优选发展，并且反之亦然，即使这在下面没有在个别基础上明确指出也是如此。
一种用于机动车辆的本发明的混合动力电动驱动器包括至少一个牵引电机、至少一个牵引内燃机、至少一个第一离合器、至少一个第二离合器、至少一个飞轮和至少一个齿轮减速驱动器，牵引电机可以通过至少一个第一离合器与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离，可以由牵引电机驱动的牵引驱动器可通过至少一个第二离合器与牵引内燃机的曲轴暂时脱离，当离合器脱离时，牵引电机可以通过至少一个齿轮减速驱动器可操作地连接到飞轮。
关于由齿轮减速驱动器引起的减速比的结果是，牵引电机可以以相对较低的驱动扭矩使用来起动牵引内燃机。为此，牵引电机必须通过第一离合器进行与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系的脱离。牵引电机还必须通过第二离合器与牵引内燃机的曲轴脱离，通过该第二离合器，牵引驱动器可以在通过齿轮减速驱动器进行的起动过程期间与牵引内燃机的曲轴脱离。结果是，起动过程仅通过齿轮减速驱动器进行。因此，不需要额外的常规起动马达，这意味着可以减少根据本发明的混合动力电动驱动器的成本和重量。混合动力电动驱动器形成为P2混合动力电动驱动器。
根据本发明的混合动力电动驱动器可以以这种方式操作：在低于极限温度的混合动力电动驱动器温度下或者低于极限温度的环境温度下，仅通过齿轮减速驱动器起动牵引内燃机，并且在达到极限温度之后，仅通过牵引驱动器起动牵引内燃机。
牵引电机是旋转电机，特别是同步电机或异步电机。在牵引内燃机的操作期间，牵引电机可以通过牵引驱动器被驱动，并且因此被用作发电机。牵引内燃机可以是往复式内燃机，特别是奥托发动机或柴油发动机。
为了起动牵引内燃机，飞轮通过齿轮减速驱动器或牵引驱动器进行旋转，并且然后可操作地连接到牵引内燃机的曲轴。
齿轮减速驱动器可以具有两个或更多齿轮，与传动系脱离的牵引电机通过该齿轮可操作地连接到飞轮。例如，齿轮减速驱动器可以具有含14个齿的驱动小齿轮和含140个齿的驱动齿轮，驱动齿轮与上述驱动小齿轮啮合，给出齿轮传动比i＝10。根据牵引电机的应用和容量，还可以选择替代的齿轮传动比，该替代的齿轮传动比使牵引电机特别在非常冷的环境中被用作牵引内燃机的起动机。
根据有利的实施例，齿轮减速驱动器包括安装在牵引电机的驱动轴上的至少一个驱动小齿轮和不可旋转地连接到飞轮并且与飞轮的旋转轴线同心布置的至少一个环形齿轮，其中驱动小齿轮布置在驱动轴上，以通过至少一个可电控制的致动单元在其中驱动小齿轮可操作地连接到环形齿轮的接合位置和其中驱动小齿轮未可操作地连接到环形齿轮的释放位置之间轴向移动。驱动小齿轮可以进入其接合位置，以根据需要，特别是在非常冷的条件下起动牵引内燃机。在起动牵引内燃机之后，驱动小齿轮可通过致动单元移回其释放位置。致动单元可以电气地、机电地、电磁地、液压地或气动地形成。驱动小齿轮可以是直齿形的并且横向倾斜以便于驱动小齿轮在环形齿轮中啮合。驱动小齿轮和环形齿轮可以各自具有渐开线啮合。
根据另一有利的实施例，致动单元具有至少一个电磁体。通过向电磁体提供电流，驱动小齿轮可以从其释放位置移动到其接合位置。驱动小齿轮从其接合位置到其释放位置的位移可以通过复位弹簧或通过另外的电磁体来实现。
根据另一有利的实施例，环形齿轮整体地形成在飞轮上，或者作为单独产生的部件连接到飞轮。第一种情况涉及飞轮和环形齿轮的连接点产生。后一种情况使得能够根据需要更换环形齿轮，而不必同时更换所使用的飞轮。
根据另一有利的实施例，环形齿轮包括外部啮合。或者，环形齿轮可以具有内部啮合。
根据用于起动机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器的牵引内燃机的本发明的方法，其中混合动力电动驱动器具有至少一个牵引电机、至少一个牵引内燃机、至少一个第一离合器、至少一个第二离合器、和至少一个飞轮，牵引电机可以通过至少一个第一离合器与混合动力电动驱动器的传动系暂时脱离，可以由牵引电机驱动的牵引驱动器可以通过至少一个第二离合器与牵引内燃机的曲轴暂时脱离，离合器脱离，并且牵引电机通过齿轮减速驱动器可操作地连接到飞轮。
参考混合动力电动驱动器的上述的优点与该方法相关联。特别地，根据上述的实施例之一的混合动力电动驱动器，或者这些实施例中的至少两个的任意组合，可以一起使用来实施该方法。
根据有利的实施例，当离合器脱离时，安装在牵引电机的驱动轴上的驱动小齿轮通过至少一个致动单元在驱动轴上从其中驱动小齿轮未可操作地连接到至少一个环形齿轮的释放位置轴向移动到其中驱动小齿轮可操作地连接到环形齿轮的接合位置，至少一个环形齿轮不可旋转地连接到飞轮并且与飞轮的旋转轴线同心布置。参考混合动力电动驱动器的相应实施例在以上所述的优点与本实施例相关联。
根据另一有利的实施例，驱动小齿轮通过磁场移动。参考混合动力电动驱动器的相应实施例在以上所述的优点与本实施例相关联。磁场可以通过至少一个电磁体产生。
根据另一有利的实施例，在低于极限温度的混合动力电动驱动器温度下，牵引内燃机仅通过齿轮减速驱动器起动，并且在达到极限温度之后，仅通过牵引驱动器起动。P2混合动力电动驱动器的牵引电机所施加的最大扭矩通常不足以在非常寒冷的环境中通过牵引驱动器，特别是皮带传动装置起动牵引内燃机。因此，在P2混合动力电动驱动器的情况下，通常安装额外的起动马达，这增加了混合动力电动驱动器的成本和重量。根据本发明根据本方法的实施例，在这种情况下，可以仅通过齿轮减速驱动器来可靠地起动牵引内燃机。可以通过至少一个温度传感器直接测量混合动力电动驱动器的温度，并且由数据处理单元对该温度进行评估并且进一步处理。混合动力电动驱动器的温度可以替代地从测量的环境温度导出。
附图说明
参考附图，基于优选的示例性实施例，下面通过示例对本发明进行说明，其中下文中在每种情况下单独和也以各自不同的组合提及的特征，都可以代表本发明的有利或发展的方面。附图示出：
图1是根据本发明的混合动力电动驱动器的示例性实施例的示意图；
图2是根据本发明的混合动力电动驱动器的另一示例性实施例的细节的示意图和透视图；
图3是图2中所示的混合动力电动驱动器的细节的另一示意图和透视图，其中驱动小齿轮位于其释放位置；和
图4是图2中所示的混合动力电动驱动器的细节的另一示意图和透视图，其中驱动小齿轮位于其接合位置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于机动车辆的本发明的混合动力电动驱动器1的示例性实施例的示意图。混合动力电动驱动器1包括牵引电机2和具有三个气缸4的牵引内燃机3。
混合动力电动驱动器1还包括第一离合器5，牵引电机2可以通过该第一离合器5与混合动力电动驱动器1的传动系6暂时脱离，特别是用于起动牵引内燃机3。
混合动力电动驱动器1还包括第二离合器7，通过该第二离合器7，可以由牵引电机2驱动并且具有皮带9的牵引驱动器8可以与牵引内燃机3的曲轴(未示出)暂时脱离，特别是用于在非常冷的条件下起动牵引内燃机3。皮带9通过导向辊单元10被引导，并且作用在可通过离合器7连接到牵引内燃机3的曲轴的驱动元件11上。
混合动力电动驱动器1还包括可以连接到牵引内燃机3的曲轴的飞轮12和齿轮减速驱动器13，当离合器5和7脱离时，可以通过齿轮减速驱动器13将牵引电机2可操作地连接到飞轮12。
齿轮减速驱动器13包括安装在牵引电机2的驱动轴14上的驱动小齿轮15和至少一个不可旋转地连接到飞轮12并且与飞轮12的旋转轴线同心布置的环形齿轮29(未示出)。驱动小齿轮15布置在驱动轴14上，以通过可电控制的致动单元16在其中驱动小齿轮15可操作地连接到环形齿轮的接合位置(示出)和其中驱动小齿轮15未可操作地连接到环形齿轮的释放位置(未示出)之间轴向移动。致动单元16包括至少一个电磁体(未示出)。环形齿轮可以整体地形成在飞轮12上，或者作为单独产生的部件连接到飞轮12。环形齿轮可以具有外部啮合或内部啮合。
混合动力电动驱动器1以这样的方式形成：在低于极限温度的混合动力电动驱动器1温度下，牵引内燃机3仅通过齿轮减速驱动器13起动，并且在到达极限温度之后，仅通过牵引驱动器8起动。
图2示出了用于机动车辆的本发明的混合动力电动驱动器17的另一示例性实施例的细节的示意图和透视图。混合动力电动驱动器17包括牵引电机18和牵引内燃机(未示出)。
混合动力电动驱动器17还包括第一离合器(未示出)，牵引电机18可以通过该第一离合器与混合动力电动驱动器17的传动系(未示出)暂时脱离，特别是用于起动牵引内燃机。
混合动力电动驱动器17还包括第二离合器19，通过该第二离合器19可以由牵引电机18驱动并且具有皮带21的牵引驱动器20可以与牵引内燃机的曲轴(未示出)暂时脱离，特别是用于在非常冷的条件下起动牵引内燃机。皮带21通过多个导向辊22至24以及通过布置在牵引电机18的驱动轴25上的皮带轮(未示出)引导，并且作用在驱动元件26上，驱动元件26可以通过离合器19连接到牵引内燃机的曲轴。
混合动力电动驱动器17还包括飞轮(未示出)和齿轮减速驱动器27，该飞轮可以连接到牵引内燃机的曲轴，当离合器19脱离时(并且未示出)，牵引电机18可以通过该齿轮减速驱动器27可操作地连接到飞轮。
齿轮减速驱动器27包括安装在牵引电机18的驱动轴25上的驱动小齿轮28和不可旋转地连接到飞轮并且与飞轮的旋转轴线同心布置的环形齿轮29。驱动小齿轮28布置在驱动轴25上，以通过可电控制的致动单元30在其中驱动小齿轮28可操作地连接到环形齿轮29的接合位置(图4中所示)和其中驱动小齿轮28未可操作地连接到环形齿轮29的释放位置(如图2和图3中所示)之间轴向移动。致动单元30包括至少一个电磁体(未示出)。环形齿轮29可以整体地形成在飞轮上，或者作为单独产生的部件连接到飞轮。环形齿轮29包括外部啮合。
混合动力电动驱动器17以这样的方式形成：在低于极限温度的混合动力电动驱动器17温度下，牵引内燃机仅通过齿轮减速驱动器27起动，并且在到达极限温度之后，仅通过牵引驱动器20起动。
图3示出了图2中所示的混合动力电动驱动器17的细节的另一示意图和透视图，其中驱动小齿轮28位于其释放位置。另外可以看到安装在牵引电机的驱动轴25上的皮带轮31。图3是图2的图示的细节的放大图。为了避免重复，请参考上述关于图2的描述。
图4示出了图2中所示的混合动力电动驱动器17的细节的另一示意图和透视图，其中驱动小齿轮28位于其接合位置。图4同样是图2的图示的细节的放大图。为了避免重复，请参考上述关于图2的描述。
附图标记列表
1 混合动力电动驱动器
2 牵引电机
3 牵引内燃机
4 气缸
5 离合器
6 传动系
7 离合器
8 牵引驱动器
9 皮带
10 导向辊单元
11 驱动元件
12 飞轮
13 齿轮减速驱动器
14 驱动轴
15 驱动小齿轮
16 致动单元
17 混合动力电动驱动器
18 牵引电动驱动器
19 离合器
20 牵引驱动器
21 皮带
22 导向辊
23 导向辊
24 导向辊
25 驱动轴
26 驱动元件
27 齿轮减速驱动器
28 驱动小齿轮
29 环形齿轮
30 致动单元
31 皮带轮

Claims (9)

1.一种机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，具有至少一个牵引电机(2、18)、至少一个牵引内燃机(3)、至少一个第一离合器(5)、至少一个第二离合器(7)以及至少一个飞轮(12)，所述牵引电机(2、18)可以通过所述至少一个第一离合器(5)与所述混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)的传动系(6)暂时脱离，可以由所述牵引电机(2、18)驱动的牵引驱动器(8、20)可以通过所述至少一个第二离合器(7)与所述牵引内燃机(3)的曲轴暂时脱离，其特征在于，所述混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)还具有至少一个齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)，当所述离合器(5、7)脱离时，所述牵引电机(2、18)可以通过所述至少一个齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)可操作地连接到所述飞轮(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，其特征在于，所述齿轮减速驱动器(13、17)具有安装在所述牵引电机(2、18)的驱动轴(14、25)上的至少一个驱动小齿轮(15、28)和不可旋转地连接到所述飞轮(12)并且与所述飞轮(12)的旋转轴同心布置的至少一个环形齿轮(29)，其中所述驱动小齿轮(15、28)布置在所述驱动轴(14、25)上，以通过至少一个可电控制的致动单元(16、30)在其中所述驱动小齿轮(15、18)可操作地连接到所述环形齿轮(29)的接合位置和其中所述驱动小齿轮(15、28)未可操作地连接到所述环形齿轮(29)的释放位置之间轴向移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，其特征在于，所述致动单元(16、30)具有至少一个电磁体。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，其特征在于，所述环形齿轮(29)整体地形成在所述飞轮(12)上，或者作为单独生产的部件连接到所述飞轮(12)。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)，其特征在于，所述环形齿轮(29)具有外部啮合。
6.一种用于起动机动车辆的混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)的牵引内燃机(3)的方法，其中所述混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)具有至少一个牵引电机(2、18)、至少一个牵引内燃机(3)、至少一个第一离合器(5)、至少一个第二离合器(7)以及至少一个飞轮(12)，所述牵引电机(2、18)可以通过所述至少一个第一离合器(5)与所述混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)的传动系(6)暂时脱离，可以由所述牵引电机(2、18)驱动的牵引驱动器(8、20)可以通过所述至少一个第二离合器(7)与所述牵引内燃机(3)的曲轴暂时脱离，其特征在于，使所述离合器(5、7)脱离，并且使所述牵引电机(2、18)通过齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)可操作地连接到所述飞轮(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述离合器(5、7)脱离时，安装在所述牵引电机(2、18)的驱动轴(14、25)上的驱动小齿轮(15、28)通过至少一个致动单元(16、30)在所述驱动轴(14、25)上从其中所述驱动小齿轮(15、18)未可操作地连接到至少一个环形齿轮(29)的释放位置，轴向移动到其中所述驱动小齿轮(15、28)可操作地连接到所述环形齿轮(29)的接合位置，所述环形齿轮(29)不可旋转地连接到所述飞轮(12)并且与所述飞轮(12)的旋转轴线同心布置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动小齿轮(15、28)通过磁场移动。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在低于极限温度的所述混合动力电动驱动器(1、17)温度下，所述牵引内燃机(3)仅通过所述齿轮减速驱动器(13、27)起动，并且在达到所述极限温度之后，仅通过所述牵引驱动器(8、20)起动。
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CN102101431A (zh) * 2011-01-21 2011-06-22 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种混合动力驱动系统及混合动力汽车
CN203511265U (zh) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-02 F·波尔希名誉工学博士公司 具有内燃发动机和起动机发电机的机动车辆的动力传动系
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