CN101394978A - 用于生产薄壁部件的注塑/吹塑装置及相应方法 - Google Patents

用于生产薄壁部件的注塑/吹塑装置及相应方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101394978A
CN101394978A CNA2007800073509A CN200780007350A CN101394978A CN 101394978 A CN101394978 A CN 101394978A CN A2007800073509 A CNA2007800073509 A CN A2007800073509A CN 200780007350 A CN200780007350 A CN 200780007350A CN 101394978 A CN101394978 A CN 101394978A
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prefabricated component
core
pfc
zone
main
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CN101394978B (zh
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吉勒·贝尔特霍尔
阿兰·科尔劳德
让-保罗·贝森
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Societe des Eaux Minerales dEvian SA SAEME
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Societe des Eaux Minerales dEvian SA SAEME
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及注塑/吹塑装置，其包括至少一个模具，该模具用于注塑成型薄壁的中空预制件，且该预制件能够通过吹塑成型方法转变成容积更大的中空主体，所述模具包括：确定模腔内表面的反模；位于模腔内并与所述内表面分开的芯部；位于反模内表面与芯部之间并容纳熔融材料的预制件模膛；至少两个主优选流动通道(CEP)；可选地至少两个次级优选流动通道，每个CEP都由芯部表面上的至少一个凹陷区及模腔的内表面限定。所述装置的特征在于：主CEP仅位于与用于转变预制件的区域对应的模膛区域；并且可选的次级CEP是非连续的，与主CEP分开，并位于与预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部对应的模膛区域中。

Description

用于生产薄壁部件的注塑/吹塑装置及相应方法
技术领域
本发明涉及尤其是预制件的薄壁部件的注塑成型。
吹塑成型或ISBM(注拉吹成型)技术发明是公知的并用于生产热塑性塑料的部件。这些部件的形式可以是食品容器，例如瓶。
吹塑成型技术发明首先包括注塑成型方法，注塑成型方法包括以下步骤：如有必要，在使用的材料熔化前先对其进行干燥；塑化；将所述材料注入模具，所述模具包括芯部和反模，二者形成模腔，所述模腔对应于模具模膛；冷却；脱模；取出预制件，然后进行吹塑成型，吹塑成型包括以下步骤：对预制件进行再加热；拉伸预吹并吹胀。
本发明更关注的是注塑成型方面。
背景技术
众所周知，通过注塑成型技术生产薄壁部件较为困难。这是因为这种生产过程开始于预制件的注塑成型，而预制件本身也是薄壁件。该注塑成型操作有很多技术问题。具体地，当熔融的热塑性塑料流进模腔时，压力的下降以及与模具接触产生的材料冷却要求壁越薄，注入压力越高。这些压力值变得过高并超过了薄壁生产中使用的材料的技术性能。
概念“薄”壁与部件的形状和使用的材料相关。例如，当在常规成型条件下生产瓶的预制件时，预制件的厚度会受到在与将熔融材料注入模具处相对的区域内出现的明显缺乏材料(非完全成型)的限制。
这是对所有热塑性塑料而言都会出现的情况，其中厚度限制会依据材料的熔融粘度和部件形状而变化。
在例如由聚乙烯对苯二酸酯(PET)生产预制件时，当长度大约为120毫米时，难以获得小于2.5毫米的厚度。
专利申请WO-A-97/13696公开了一种采用注胚吹塑生产多层预制件的方法和设备。该专利申请强调了采用常规注模获得薄壁预制件的困难。这是因为当采用这种模具时，熔融材料会遇到相对高的流动阻力，从而为了注入型腔需要采用高的注入压力。为了克服这些缺陷，在与反模的内表面对应的模具的模腔上嵌入凹陷区。这些凹陷区在模腔内等角度地均匀分布，并从注入点向模具的相反端延伸。
日本专利申请JP 11-090975也公开了一种多层预制件、生产这种预制件的方法以及由这种预制件获得的多层容器。
预制件包括形成内部层的第一层，所述第一层是通过将聚酯注入模具形成的。然后注入再循环的树脂以形成预制件的外层。在第一层上设置肋条以能够生产薄壁的多层预制件。不过，这些肋条是设置在预制件的底部和颈部之间的整个高度范围内的。
同样地，芯部在其表面上具有在与预制件整体高度对应的区域内生成的凹陷区。这种配置适合多层预制件。另外，设置在预制件整个高度范围内的肋条增加了该预制件的重量，并因此增加了由该预制件获得的薄壁部件的重量。
欧洲专利EP 1 180 424也公开了一种生产制品的方法，其采用以下步骤：由第一树脂注塑成型外部预制件；以及然后利用第二树脂在第一预制件内部注塑成型内部预制件。该方法包括吹塑步骤。
用于成型内部预制件的注塑模具的芯部在其外周上包括很多以一定间隔布置的垂直通道，这样在内部预制件内形成的较厚区域在预制件的整个体部上延伸。该较厚区域防止任何在中心和上部区域形成的瓶变薄现象。
再次，在预制件的整个高度上设置的肋条增加了该预制件的重量，并因此也增加了由该预制件生产的薄壁部件的重量。
最后，美国专利US 4 649 068公开了用于注坯吹塑这种容器的方法和预制件，所述容器由盖闭合并用于盛装高温物品。该预制件仅在其颈部区域设置在其内侧圆周上均匀分布的纵向肋条。这些肋条在轴向方向上加强了螺纹，并当瓶盛装热的物品时，防止颈部在压力下发生变形。
发明内容
本发明的目是生产薄壁部件，尤其是预制件，并且提供方法以替代现有技术中的方法。
更具体地，本发明的目的是获得一种预制件，其能够在保持机械性能的同时，使生产的比如瓶的薄壁容器的重量最小。
本发明基于通过成型热塑性塑料具体生产薄壁预制件的技术原理。为了得到所期望的结果，可单独地或组合利用这些技术原理：
-在模具(图1)中设置优选流动通道(PFC)，其能够更快得填充模腔，材料温度和压力下降得更少；
-通过设置凹陷区，通过在芯部表面进行机械加工，这样可产生优选的流动；
-改变芯部和/或模腔的表面光洁度(对预制件的优选流动区域和其它区域进行不同的处理)；
-利用加热成型件，其可获得更好的材料流动性以及材料在流动中更少的冷却。这些加热部件必须依据在成型步骤中的阶段进行快速的加热和冷却。
本发明的一个方面涉及注塑成型装置，其包括至少一个模具，所述模具可用于薄壁的中空预制件的注塑成型，所述中空预制件通过吹塑成型转变成容积更大的中空主体，所述模具包括：
-反模，其确定了模腔的内表面；
-芯部，其位于所述模腔内并与所述内表面分开；
-预制件模膛，其位于所述反模的内表面与芯部之间，所述模膛容纳熔融材料；
-至少两个主优选流动通道(PFC)；以及
-可选地，至少两个次级优选流动通道(PFC)，每个PFC一方面由所述芯部表面上的至少一个凹陷区域限定，另一方面由所述模腔的所述内表面限定，所述装置的特征在于：
●主PFC仅位于所述模膛的与所述预制件的过渡区域对应的区域中；
●以及，可选的所述次级PFC是非连续的，与所述主PFC分开，并位于所述模膛的与所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部对应的区域中
因而，根据本发明，PFC并不在预制件的整个高度上延伸，具体地，未必出现在预制件的主体内。
所述装置可生产预制件并同时使该预制件的过渡区厚度最小化，虽然在例如堆放瓶子时，该过渡区承受较高的机械压力。因此，本领域内的技术人员克服了这样一种偏见，即，这种偏见会使本领域技术人员不会将过渡区(特别敏感的区域)变薄，因为这样可以避免承担降低瓶的抗机械压力的能力的风险。在注塑过程中，无论所述过渡区的厚度有多小，根据本发明设置的PFC都能使得后续的吹塑成型操作能够进行。本发明所述的PFC能够仍然在保持其机械性能的同时，生产例如瓶的轻量薄壁部件。
本发明的另一个主题是一种芯部，其可用于薄壁预制件的注塑成型，其特征在于，所述芯部包括表面上的主凹陷区域以及可选地非连续的次级凹陷区域，所述主凹陷区域仅在与所述预制件的过渡区域对应的区域中产生，所述次级凹陷区域与所述主凹陷区域分开，并位于与所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部对应的区域中。
本发明还涉及一种薄壁预制件，其特征在于，所述预制件包括主可变厚度区域以及可选地非连续次级可变厚度区域，所述主可变厚度区域仅位于所述预制件的过渡区域内，所述次级可变厚度区域与所述主可变厚度区域分开，并且位于所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部。
因此，在本申请描述的发明能够实现在进行预制件的吹塑成型后生产轻量瓶，并仍然保持有限的整体拉伸比率(整体拉伸比率：纵向拉伸比率(该比率等于最终吹塑成型件的长度/预制件的长度)乘以直径拉伸比率(该比率等于最终吹塑成型件的直径/预制件的直径))，同时对现存的预制件进行轻量化。可以通过仅改变模具的中心部分(芯部)来生产若干重量的预制件。芯部的这种改变也具有经济利益，因为在注塑成型技术中，芯部仅占整个模具成本的10到15％。通过对预制件厚度做更大的改变，因此可以仅通过改变芯部而生产更大范围的预制件重量。
根据另一个方面，本发明涉及注塑成型薄壁预制件的方法，其包括以下步骤：
-将熔融材料注入包括上述芯部的模具中；
-将预制件冷却至某一温度，在该温度下，材料不再改变；
-然后对所述预制件进行脱模。
该方法能够减少薄壁预制件的成型循环次数，同时降低非完全成型的风险，并在被成形为生产薄壁预制件的模具中用高粘度的热塑性塑料进行注塑成型。
在本发明中使用的术语“模具”指一种两部分装置，其包括固定部和用以支承芯部的板，所述固定部分包括模腔或反模，其动作由关闭系统产生。所述固定部分还包括塑化螺杆，待注入的材料在此从固态变为熔融状态。在已经关闭并夹紧注入模具后，在注入点注入熔融材料。
本发明中使用的术语“模膛”是指在反模内壁与芯部之间的空间。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，所述模具的特征在于，模膛的平均厚度等于或小于a+L/b，即：
wav<a+L/b
1.20<a<1.4，88<b<98
其中：
Figure A200780007350D00101
其中：L是所述预制件的总长度(见图6)；
u是预制件上每一点的曲线横坐标；以及
Wu是预制件上每一点处的局部厚度。
本发明中使用的术语“优选流动通道或PFC”是指位于反模内壁和芯部表面上的凹陷区之间的空间。与在PFC之外的区域中相比，这些通道使得熔融材料的流动更大。在没有特别指明的情况下，术语“PFC”包括主PFC和次级PFC。
可通过改变芯部的表面光洁度或对芯部进行机械加工来获得PFC。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，PFC是对称的。
根据本发明的更优选的实施方式，PFC是对称的，并且绕着预制件的圆周等角地定位。
本发明中使用的术语“等角地”是指物体绕着圆周以相同的角度分布。
根据本发明，主PFC仅位于与预制件的过渡区对应的模膛区域内。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，提供了非连续的次级PFC，所述次级PFC与所述主PFC分开，并可位于模膛的与预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部对应的区域内。
根据本发明的另一个具体实施方式，模具中PFC的数量在2到12之间，至少两个设置在与预制件的过渡区对应的区域中。
在实施本发明的最优选方面中，模具包括2到6个PFC，至少两个设置在与预制件的过渡区对应的区域中。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，当从其横截面观察时，模具中的PFC呈矩形、多边形、椭圆形或演变形状。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式，模具中的PFC呈纵向的、螺旋的、和/或演变的取向。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式，模具进一步包括在模腔内表面中的至少两个凹陷区。
在本发明中使用的术语“预制件”由三个不同的区域确定：主体、过渡区和颈部。当模膛中填满注入模具的熔融材料后就得到了预制件。
根据本发明，所述预制件包括主可变厚度区域以及非连续次级可变厚度区域，所述主可变厚度区域仅位于所述预制件的过渡区域，所述次级可变厚度区域与所述主可变厚度区域分开，并位于所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，可变厚度区是对称的。
根据本发明的更优选的实施方式，可变厚度区是对称的，且在预制件的圆周上等角地分布。
在本发明中使用的术语“可变厚度区”是指预制件的更大体积，对应于充满熔融和冷却的材料的PFC。在没有特别指明的情况下，术语“可变厚度区”包括主可变厚度区和次级可变厚度区。
预制件的平均厚度(wav)为wav≤a+L/b，1.20<a<1.36，且88<b<98，L是预制件的总长度，如上所述地计算wav。
根据本发明的另一个具体实施方式，预制件的可变厚度区相对预制件的轴线纵向地、螺旋地或演变形状地布置。
本发明的另一个方面涉及芯部，其可用于薄壁预制件的注塑成型，所述芯部包括表面上的主凹陷区域以及可选地非连续的次级凹陷区域，所述主凹陷区域仅在与所述预制件的过渡区域对应的区域中产生，所述次级凹陷区域与所述主凹陷区域分开，并位于与所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部对应的区域中。
在本发明中使用的术语“凹陷区”涉及芯部表面上的凹陷的区域，该区域通过对芯部进行机械加工或者对芯部进行整体铸模形成。在没有特别指明的情况下，术语“凹陷区”包括主凹陷区和次级凹陷区。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方式，芯部表面上的凹陷区通过机械加工或者表面处理获得，所述区域改变为对称的。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，芯部表面上的凹陷区是对称的，并且在芯部圆周上等角地分布。
根据本发明的另一个方面，芯部包括2到12个凹陷区，且非常优选地包括2到6个凹陷区，其中至少两个设置在与预制件过渡区对应的区域中。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，对芯部进行的机械加工可生成的特征包括相对芯部的轴线呈矩形、多边形、椭圆形或演变形。
在本发明中，在芯部表面上进行的机械加工可使产生的机械加工特征形状演变，从而使该形状更好地适应预制件的形状，这样，称机器特征为具有“演变”的形状。
本发明的另一个方面涉及注塑成型薄壁预制件的方法，其包括以下步骤：将熔融材料注入包括上述芯部的模具中；将预制件冷却至某一温度，在该温度下，材料不再改变；以及然后对所述预制件进行脱模。
在本发明的优选方面中，在将熔融材料注入模具的步骤得至少部分过程中，对所述芯部和/或所述模腔进行加热。
非常优选地，在所述芯部和/或所述模腔的特定区域内进行加热。
通过作为非限制性示例给出的、并由以下附图描述的不同实施方式，将对本发明进行更精确地说明。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明所述的闭合的模具沿轴线且不包含PFC的纵向截面。
图2(A和B)示出了本发明所述模具的另一个纵向截面，该截面位于与预制件过渡区对应的区域。
图3示出了本发明所述预制件的部分纵向截面，其中示出了颈部和过渡区。
图4示出了本发明所述的预制件的另一个实施方式的纵向截面。
图5示出了沿图4中预制件的AB面的横截面。
图6示出了在计算本发明所述预制件的平均最小厚度时使用的各个参数。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明所述的模具，其包括两个部分：固定部，也称作模腔支承或反模4；以及用于支承芯部2的移动部5。反模4的内侧壁1与芯部2共同确定了模腔3，熔融材料会通过注入点6注入该模腔3中。
图2更精确地示出了反模4的内侧壁1与芯部2，二者共同确定了与模膛7和主PFC8对应的模腔3。
根据本发明，主PFC8(图2A和B)由芯部2的表面上的凹陷区和反模4的内侧壁1限定，所述凹陷区位于与预制件的过渡区对应的区域内。
图3示出了本发明的第一实施方式，其中预制件包括仅位于其过渡区内的主可变厚度区9。
图4示出了本发明的第二实施方式。预制件包括颈部10、过渡区11以及主体12。根据本发明，预制件包括位于过渡区11的主可变厚度区9以及非连续的次级可变厚度区13，次级可变厚度区13与主可变厚度区分离并位于主体12的下部。
在图5示出的图4中平面AB的截面图中可以看到次级可变厚度区13。
下述的非限制性实施例将清楚地说明本发明的实施方式，并表明其具体的特征。
实施例1：常规的PET预制件(重量17克；长度90.44毫米)及其生产方法。
采用的装置
预制件由装备有多模腔模具的注塑成型机生产。
先对PET材料进行预干燥以防止在其在熔化时发生水解，然后在重力作用下，PET材料会转移至塑化螺杆处，并在此处逐渐从固态转变为熔融状态。该塑化过程必须依照现有技术的规则进行，以获得熔融材料的良好同质性。螺杆的转动将熔融材料转移到螺杆的前部，温度升高且压力增大：挤出。
在螺杆前部出现了熔融材料的堆积，该材料由通向转移位置的阀体转移进注入罐，并且转移了与一个完整模具对应的材料量(这种情况下，预制件的重量为17克乘以模腔的数量)。在已经转移了该材料之后，阀体置于注入位置。
熔融材料的粘度取决于温度，该温度典型地处于230℃和280℃之间，更精确地是245℃和270℃之间。
在已将注塑模具闭合并夹紧后进行注入，夹紧力应足以防止在预制件上出现闪蒸现象，但也不能过大而损坏器具。对于具有48个模腔的模具，采用的压力在200和300吨之间，理想地小于250吨。
在截止阀开启后，熔融材料流入模具的模腔内。适当的注入取决于流动，即，取决于注入的速度和压力参数，以及设备从注入阶段进入保持阶段的时刻。
采用的压力范围低于150巴并且更理想地在100和130巴之间。注入速度是每秒40毫米±20％。
模具的热流道的温度一般在270℃与290℃之间，这种温度范围能够使材料相对地流畅，并因此改善流动性。但是，将材料温度提高到290℃以上将产生并不微小的化学降解和注入点缺陷。
材料开始与模具的低温壁部(模腔和芯部)接触。注入的质量取决于单位时间的注入量。以当前的注塑成型方法，依据PET树脂的类型，注入速度为每秒8到12克—该注入速度不仅能适当地填充模腔，而且能适当地填充颈部。为了保证该注入速度，要考虑预制件的最小厚度，该厚度取决于预制件的长度。在这种情况下，如果wav<1.36+L/93.76，则存在出现不完整颈部的风险—一种称为临界缺陷的缺陷。
当以及填满模腔后，材料在压力下保持一段时间，该时间被称为保持时间，以补偿由材料冷却而产生的收缩。
在对预制件进行脱模之前的最后步骤是冷却预制件。材料必须充分地凝固从而不会变形，且芯部中心温度必须低于结晶温度。
冷却时间取决于预制件的厚度，并满足以下方程：
tc＝(w2/π2a)ln[(8/π2)(Ti-Ts)/(Td-Ts)]
其中tc＝冷却时间(秒)；
w＝厚度(毫米)；
a＝热扩散系数；
Ts＝模腔的表面温度；
Ti＝注入温度；
Td＝脱模时预制件的平均温度。
实施例2：本发明所述的预制件(图3)
容器的轻量化需要设计壁厚更薄的预制件，其厚度/长度的比率小于2。这里，预制件的设计将包括可用于填充模腔的PFC。其生产方法与前述的方法相同。
通过改变芯部(有限的成本投入)来使预制件轻量化，进而降低预制件的厚度。
因此，对于长度与实施例1的长度相同的预制件，即，对于长度为90.44毫米的预制件，生产重量为15.35克的轻量预制件是可能的。该预制件的平均厚度为1.8毫米，并且其只要在模具中存在PFC的情况下就可以填充。
与最大压力150巴相比，增加PFC可使注入压力降低到100与130巴之间，在没有增加PFC的情况下，所述最大压力无法确保在没有产生不完整颈部的风险下来填充平均厚度为1.8毫米的模腔。在当前情况下，对于平均厚度为1.8毫米且长度为90.44毫米的预制件而言，可以证明，满足以下条件：wav<a+L/b，a＝1.36及b＝93.76。

Claims (25)

1.一种注胚吹塑成型装置，其包括至少一个模具，所述模具能够用于注塑成型薄壁的中空预制件，所述预制件能够通过吹塑成型方法转变成容积更大的中空主体，所述模具包括：
-反模(4)，其确定了模腔(3)的内表面(1)；
-芯部(2)，其位于所述模腔(3)内并与所述内表面(1)分开；
-预制件模膛(7)，其位于所述反模(4)的内表面(1)与所述芯部(2)之间，所述模膛(7)将容纳熔融材料；
-至少两个主优选流动通道(PFC)(8)；以及
-可选地至少两个次级优选流动通道(PFC)，每个PFC一方面由所述芯部(2)的表面上的至少一个凹陷区域限定，另一方面由所述模腔(3)的所述内表面(1)限定，
所述装置的特征在于：
●所述主PFC(8)仅位于所述模膛(7)的与所述预制件的过渡区域(11)对应的区域中；
●以及，所述次级PFC是非连续的，与所述主PFC分开，并位于所述模膛(7)的与所述预制件的底部和/或主体(12)和/或颈部(10)对应的区域中。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述PFC是对称的。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述PFC绕着所述模腔(3)的圆周等角地定位。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，通过改变所述芯部(2)的表面加工或者对所述芯部(2)进行机械加工来获得所述PFC。
5.如权利要求1到4中的任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模膛(7)由平均厚度(wav)确定，其中wav≤a+L/b，1.20<a<1.40，88<b<98，L是所述预制件的总长度。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，PFC的数量在2和12之间，优选地在2和6之间。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，所述PFC的形状可以是矩形、多边形、椭圆形或演变形。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，所述PFC的取向是：
-纵向的；
-螺旋的和/或演变形的。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置进一步包括在所述模腔(3)的所述内表面(1)中的至少两个凹陷区域。
10.一种芯部(2)，其可用于薄壁预制件的注塑成型，其特征在于，所述芯部(2)包括位于表面上的主凹陷区域并可选地包括非连续的次级凹陷区域，所述主凹陷区域仅在与所述预制件的过渡区域(11)对应的区域中产生，所述次级凹陷区域与所述主凹陷区域分开，并位于与所述预制件的底部和/或主体(12)和/或颈部(10)对应的区域中。
11.如权利要求10所述的芯部(2)，其特征在于，所述凹陷通过机械加工或者表面处理来获得，如此改进的所述区域是对称的。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的芯部(2)，其特征在于，所述凹陷是对称的，并绕所述芯部(2)的圆周等角地分布。
13.如权利要求10到12中任一项权利要求所述的芯部(2)，其特征在于，所述芯部(2)包括2到12个、优选地2到6个凹陷区域。
14.如权利要求10到13中任一项权利要求所述的芯部(2)，其特征在于，在所述芯部(2)上进行机械加工产生的形状特征包括矩形、多边形、椭圆形或演变形。
15.如权利要求10到14中任一项权利要求所述的芯部(2)，其特征在于，相对于所述芯部(2)的轴线，沿纵向、螺旋或演变方向进行所述机械加工。
16.一种薄壁预制件，其特征在于，所述预制件包括主可变厚度区域(9)并可选地包括非连续次级可变厚度区域(13)，所述主可变厚度区域(9)仅位于所述预制件的过渡区域(11)内，所述次级可变厚度区域(13)与所述主可变厚度区域(9)分开，并位于所述预制件的底部和/或主体和/或颈部(10)。
17.如权利要求16所述的薄壁预制件，其特征在于，所述可变厚度区域(9、13)是对称的。
18.如权利要求17所述的薄壁预制件，其特征在于，所述可变厚度区域(9、13)在所述预制件的圆周上等角地分布。
19.如权利要求16到18中的任一项权利要求所述的预制件，其特征在于，所述预制件的平均厚度(wav)由wav≤a+L/b限定，1.20<a<1.36，且88<b<98，L是所述预制件的总长度。
20.如权利要求16到19中的任一项权利要求所述的预制件，其特征在于，所述可变厚度区域(9、13)相对于所述预制件的轴线纵向地、螺旋地或演变地定位。
21.一种用于对如权利要求16到20中的任一项权利要求所述的薄壁预制件进行注塑成型的方法，其包括以下步骤：
-将熔融材料注入包括如权利要求10到15中任一项权利要求所述的芯部(2)的模具中；
-将所述预制件冷却至某一温度，在所述温度下，所述材料不再改变；
-然后对所述预制件进行脱模。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，在将所述熔融材料注入所述模具的步骤的至少部分过程中，对所述芯部(2)和/或所述模腔(3)进行加热。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热应用于所述芯部(2)和/或所述模腔(3)的特定区域。
24.一种涉及如权利要求1到9中任一项权利要求所述的装置的注胚吹模成型方法，其包括以下步骤：
-将熔融材料注入模具；
-将所述预制件冷却至某一温度，在所述温度下，所述材料不再改变；
-然后对所述预制件进行脱模。
25.一种注胚吹模成型方法，其包括如权利要求21到23中任一项权利要求所述的注塑成型方法。
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PL1998945T3 (pl) 2010-06-30
WO2007101879A1 (fr) 2007-09-13
DK1998945T3 (da) 2010-05-25
FR2898294A1 (fr) 2007-09-14
US8100687B2 (en) 2012-01-24
EP1998945A1 (fr) 2008-12-10
ATE454971T1 (de) 2010-01-15
CA2645057C (fr) 2014-07-08
US20140199520A1 (en) 2014-07-17
US20090220809A1 (en) 2009-09-03
CN101394978B (zh) 2014-01-29
DE602007004310D1 (de) 2010-03-04
ES2339498T3 (es) 2010-05-20
US8691140B2 (en) 2014-04-08
MX2008011334A (es) 2008-09-12
EP1998945B1 (fr) 2010-01-13

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