CN101394798A - 超声波切割工具 - Google Patents

超声波切割工具 Download PDF

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CN101394798A
CN101394798A CNA2007800071984A CN200780007198A CN101394798A CN 101394798 A CN101394798 A CN 101394798A CN A2007800071984 A CNA2007800071984 A CN A2007800071984A CN 200780007198 A CN200780007198 A CN 200780007198A CN 101394798 A CN101394798 A CN 101394798A
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waveguide assembly
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M·J·R·扬
S·M·R·扬
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/320092Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
    • A61B2017/320094Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw additional movable means performing clamping operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B17/320092Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
    • A61B2017/320095Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw with sealing or cauterizing means

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超声波手术工具,工具的细长的波导在远端处可操作地连接到超声波振动源上。切割和/或凝结刀刃安装到波导的远端。这些刀刃通常在工作平面内起作用。手柄安装到波导的远端并且具有用抓握手柄的手的指尖可操作的再定位器,从而将刀刃的工作平面再定位至优选的方向。

Description

超声波切割工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超声波手术工具,例如用于切割软体组织的超声波腹腔镜工具。尤其地,而不是专有地,其涉及可以更容易地定位以在所需平面进行切割的这样的工具。
背景技术
已经证明超声波振动切割工具对手术而言具有很大的好处,尤其是腹腔镜手术(所谓的“锁孔”手术)。细长、窄的手术工具通常与光学纤维观察系统一起通过较小的切口导入到病人的体内并且转向至需要手术的组织的精确区域。不仅是超声波振动工具只是当选择性地作用超声波能量时进行切割,而且当它们切割时它们可以很容易地适于灼烧组织。因此,在一次手术中血管可能既被阻断又被密封,例如,现著地减少流血。在腹腔镜手术中这样能够止血的切割特别有用,其中可见度是非常珍贵的。
对切割和/或凝结工具的一个特别有用的几何形状包括在其远端具有刀刃部件的细长的、超声波振动的波导,以及远离超声波振动的可移动的爪部件,其可以可控制地移动为与波导接触,捕集将被切割或在其中被凝结的组织。在我们的英国专利号No.2333709中公开了这样的机构的例子,其中爪构件可转动地朝向或远离波导移动。
这样的爪机构的特征是爪机构通常在特别的平面中打开和关闭。因此,为了在需要的方向切割组织元件,爪必须提供在实质上的正确对齐方向上。大多数这样的工具使用在工具近端处的手持件转向和操作。因此,为了将远端的爪机构与将处理的组织正确地定位,使用者可能需要将他或她的腕,臂并且甚至肩转动很大的角度。一些工具已经提出,近端的手持件和远端的爪的相对定位可以调节至一个有限数目的预定角度。这可以稍稍地解决问题,但这样的工具需要两手操作以进行调整,这可能对外科医生而言在复杂和精密的过程的中途是不能接受的。无论如何,使用者仍然希望将工具转动至所需的精确角度,这可能在对于工具可利用的预定角度之间。
因此对超声波切割工具而言是一种需要,即在不需要使用者较大的身体扭曲的情况下,以需要的定位更容易地出现在将被处理的组织面前。
因此,本发明的目标是提供一种超声波切割和/或凝结工具,其消除了上述缺点并且允许使用者在不需要再定位其手持件的情况下以需要的校正容易地将工具的操作元件展现在将处理的组织面前。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供一种超声波手术工具,包括在近端可操作地连接或可连接到超声波振动的源的细长的波导装置,安装到波导装置的远端并且通常在工作平面内起作用的切割和/或凝结装置,安装到相邻的波导装置的近端手动地可抓握的手柄装置,并且具有用抓握手柄装置的手的指尖可操作以将切割和/或凝结装置的所述工作平面重新定位至优选的方向的装置。
优选地,所述重定位装置使得切割和/或凝结装置围绕波导装置的纵轴转动。
有利地,所述纵轴被包含在所述工作平面中。
所述重定位装置使得波导装置和切割和/或凝结装置一起围绕所述纵轴转动。
优选地,重定位装置包括机械增益装置以增加切割和/或凝结装置可利用的转动转矩。
有利地,所述传动比装置包括齿轮传动装置。
所述齿轮传动装置可以提供在1.5比1以及3比1之间的机械增益,可选地在2比1附近。
优选地,重定位装置包括由抓握手柄装置的手的指尖可接触并且可转动的轮装置。
轮装置可以绕横向于波导装置的纵轴延伸的轴可转动,并且所述轴任意地实质上垂直于所述纵轴延伸。
然后齿轮可以包括锥齿轮装置。
可替换地,轮装置可以绕通常平行于波导装置的纵轴延伸的轴转动。
轮装置可以具有适于与其接合的指尖的抓紧装置。
优选地,重定位装置选择性地在手柄装置上再定位以适于特定使用者的指尖。
有利地,重定位装置安装到手柄装置的一部份上,该部分相对于其剩余部分可选择性地移动。
所述部分可以任意地绕波导装置的纵轴可转动。
在优选实施例中,波导装置连接到或可连接到扭振形式超声波振动源上。
有利地,切割和/或凝结装置包括安装到波导装置的远端上的用超声波可振动的刀刃装置。
切割和/或凝结装置然后可以进一步包括可枢转地可移动的爪构件,其与超声波振动隔离并且与刀刃装置呈选择性地可移动进或可移动出的操作关系。
爪构件然后可以向刀刃装置枢转以与将被切割的组织接合和/或在其中灼烧。
爪构件因此在所述工作平面内枢转。
工作面可以远离刀刃装置的刃口延伸。
在任意的实施例中,当爪构件与刀刃装置呈移动进或移动出的操作关系时,其同时地相对于纵轴枢转和转动。
临近所述工作关系的运动的爪构件的一部分然后实质上在所述工作平面内延伸。
优选地,工具的手柄装置包括适于其的手动可操作的控制装置以移动爪构件。
有利地,所述控制装置可用与操作重定位装置相同的手操作。
控制装置可以可调节至适于特定使用者的手。
还可以选择性地提供装置以打开超声波振动的源。
任意地,所述打开装置可以安装到手柄装置上。
可替换地,所述打开装置可以包括远离手柄装置布置的踏板装置。
波导装置可以被与超声波振动隔离的屏蔽装置沿其大部分范围围绕。
爪构件可以枢转地安装到屏蔽装置上。
附图说明
参照附图,现在将以举例的方式更特别地说明本发明的实施例,其中:
图1是实施本发明的工具的手持件的示意性的横截面侧视图;
图2是可与图1的工具一起使用的在末端的爪机构的局部侧视图;
图3是可与图1的工具一起使用的转动控制机构的局部侧视图;
图4是从图3所示的转动控制机构的下部的平面图;
图5A和5B是图1所示的手持件的示意性的远端侧视图,并且转动控制机构在两个可替换的位置;
图6A和6B是图1所示的工具的远端爪机构在工作中的示意性的侧视图。
图7A和7B是图6A和6B的爪机构在工作中的示意性的远端侧视图;
图8是用于图1所示的工具的可替换的远端操作元件的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,尤其是附图1,超声波手术工具1包括手持件2,其被保持在外科医生或其他使用者的一只手中。在这种情况下,手持件2具有拇指环3和和手指弓形弯4,这里手指头弓形弯适于接收外科医生的手的中指,无名指和小指。手指弓形弯4可枢转地安装到手持件2上从而其可以朝向和远离静止的拇指环3移动,并且可操作地连接到工具1的爪操作机构5上(为了清楚省略了细节),其具有如下的功能。
超声波振动的产生器(未示出)通过在其最近端的孔6可分离地连接到手持件2上。尽管本发明同样地也适用于使用纵向振动形式超声波振动,但是示出的特别的工具1使用扭振形式的超声波振动。
细长的、窄的钛波导7从手持件2的远端延伸出。波导7可操作地连接到超声发生器上并且从此处将超声振动传递到安装在其远端上的工具1的操作元件上(例如,如图2所示)。细长的波导7限定了工具1的纵轴8。圆柱的屏蔽构件9围绕波导7轴向地延伸。该屏蔽构件9将超声振动隔离。
图2示出了可以安装在工具1的远端的多个工作元件。刀刃构件10安装在波导7的远端并且因此超声波地可振动。爪构件11在第一枢轴点12可枢转地安装到屏蔽构件9的远端并且因此与超声波振动隔离。控制杆13从屏蔽构件9内的手持件2的爪操作机构5延伸至在爪构件11的第二枢轴点14。
当外科医生将手指弓形弯4向拇指环3移动时,爪操作机构5使得控制杆13推动爪构件11以枢转至与刀刃构件10接触。手指弓形弯4的反向运动使得爪构件11枢转远离刀刃构件10。
将被切割的组织被夹在爪构件11与刀刃构件10之间,并且刀刃构件10然后超声波地振动。组织被隔断并且例如血液的体液在那里凝结,这样提供了干净的,可控制的,能够止血的切割。(注意,一些其它的机构公知为用于将剪刀状的手持件的移动转变为枢转爪移动并且本发明并不受所示的的限制)
清楚地,爪构件11仅在由箭头15所示的平面内枢转。当工具1在腹腔镜过程中使用时,其通过微细的切口被插入体内,并且通常伴随有光学纤维的内窥镜布置,从而外科医生可以视察,夹持并且切除目标组织。如果该组织不与爪的平面15成一条直线,为了所需要的切除外科医生必须沿纵轴8转动整个工具1直到爪的平面15正确地定位。这可能使得外科医生不得不弯曲他或她的腕,臂,肩膀并且有时甚至躯干以恰当地转动工具1。这明显是非常麻烦的,可能使得外科医生疲劳并且可能妨碍外科医生对切割程序的精密控制。因此如图1总体上的所示并且如图3更详细地示出,本发明的工具1具有转动控制机构16以克服该问题。
转动控制机构16的主体17安装到手持件2的远端,这样屏蔽构件9,波导7以及纵轴8通过其中。控制轮18通过轮轴19可转动地安装到主体17上。也安装到轮轴19上的第一锥齿轮20与连接到控制机构5上的较大的第二锥齿轮21啮合。轮轴19绕与纵轴8成直角相交的轴可转动,而第二锥齿轮21绕纵轴8本身可转动。
控制轮18具有四个盘状的凹部22,其尺寸为接收使用者的手的指尖。使用者将他的食指延伸以接触控制轮18,优选地使用便利的凹部22,并且转动在其轮轴19上的控制轮18。这转动了与第二锥齿轮21啮合的第一锥齿轮20并且转动第二锥齿轮21,并且因此转动了爪控制机构5。这样,这些都按顺序地连接到绕纵轴8转动的屏蔽构件9和波导7,因此也转动了爪构件11的平面15和刀刃构件10。因此外科医生可以通过控制轮18的指尖转动“拨动出”末端的爪机构所需的角对准。
锥齿轮20,21也相对地设定尺寸从而提供1.5:1和3:1之间的传动比,典型地2:1。因此,如果控制轮18转动360°,第二锥齿轮21,并且因此末端的爪机构将仅转动180°,但外科医生只需要用他的食指作用一半的所需转动力矩。
在使用中,在转动控制机构16的主体17的下侧上的(如图4所示)控制轮18的位置使得用一些和全部剩余手指抓握手指弓形弯4的手的食指相对更方便。然而,已经知道如果外科医生可以适应手柄的更好的结构,具有这样的剪刀状的手柄的手术工具既更好可控制并且更舒适。我们的英国专利号No.2348390公开了可交换的手指弓形弯4,拇指环3等,其使得这类型的手术工具适于惯用左手的或惯用右手的使用者,用于不同的手指尺寸并且甚至用于不同的个人偏好,例如许多手指容纳在手指弓形弯内。为了使得本发明的工具1对大部分的使用者而言更方便,因此控制轮18的位置是可调节的。主体17安装到手持件2的壳体的远端的台肩23上。其可以从此处向工具1的远端撤回较小的距离,绕纵轴8转动并且撤换。因此,如图5A和5B所示,在使用工具1之前,控制轮18可以相对于手指弓形弯4定位成一定的角度,即对使用者的食指最舒适和最方便。例如,图5B所示的结构是对用使用者的右手操作手持件2而言最适合的。
图6A,6B,7A和7B示出了在体组织的元件24上的工具1的操作。外科医生将远端爪机构放至组织24(图6A),将刀刃构件10和爪构件11放置至其相对侧。使用手指弓形弯4和拇指环3,他或她将爪构件11向下放置到刀刃构件10上部,捕集组织24。然而打开超声波产生器(这可以用底脚打开踏板或用位于手持件上的开关执行),在刀刃构件10中产生强烈的扭振形式超声波振动,切断并且灼烧组织24。然后手指弓形弯4和拇指环3分开,为了随后的切割打开爪机构。
这里,如图7A所示,爪构件11没有定位为能够方便地抓握并且夹持组织元件(例如血管25),外科医生,作为第一步骤,用他或她的食指“拨动”控制轮18直到爪构件11转动至更好的定位,如图7B所示,在该位置上,他或她围绕血管25定位爪机构并且如上所述地进行。
如上所述,不仅是具有爪机构的工具受益于可操作的远端元件的转动。图8示出了如在我们的英国专利号No.2365775中公开的钩状的刀刃26。这安装到波导7的远端,并且通过将钩状的刀刃26的最近的边缘布置为与将切割的组织24相接触。然而波导7振动,优选地以扭振形式超声波振动,并且刀刃26在最接近的方向轻轻地移动,切断组织24。该工具也具有其将进行切割的限定的平面,这可以需要转动以在特别的组织片上操作。因此,在这种情况下,结合到工具的手持件中从而允许钩状的刀刃26可控制地绕波导7的纵轴8转动的转动控制机构16同样也具有显著的优点。

Claims (12)

1.一种超声波手术工具,包括在近端可操作地可连接到超声波振动源的细长的波导装置,安装到波导装置的远端并且通常在工作平面内起作用的切割和/或凝结装置,安装到波导装置的近端附近的手动地可抓握的手柄装置,以及用抓握手柄装置的手的指尖可操作以将切割和/或凝结装置的所述工作平面重新定位至优选的方向的重定位装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的工具,其特征在于,所述重定位装置使得切割和/或凝结装置围绕波导装置的纵轴转动。
3.如权利要求2所述的工具,其特征在于,所述纵轴被包含在所述工作平面中。
4.如权利要求3所述的工具,其特征在于,所述重定位装置使得波导装置和切割和/或凝结装置一起围绕所述纵轴转动。
5.如权利要求4所述的工具,其特征在于,重定位装置包括机械增益的装置,例如齿轮传动装置,以增加切割和/或凝结装置可利用的转动转矩。
6.如上述任一项权利要求所述的工具,其特征在于,重定位装置包括由抓握手柄装置的手的指尖可接触并且可转动的轮装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的工具,其特征在于,轮装置绕横向于波导装置的纵轴延伸的轴可转动,并且所述轴可选地垂直于所述纵轴延伸。
8.如权利要求6所述的工具,其特征在于,轮装置绕通常平行于波导装置的纵轴延伸的轴可转动。
9.如上述任一项权利要求所述的工具,其特征在于,重定位装置选择性地在手柄装置上再定位以适于特定使用者的指尖。
10.如上述任一项权利要求所述的工具,其特征在于,重定位装置安装到手柄装置的一部分上,该部分相对于其剩余部分可选择性地移动。
11.如权利要求10所述的工具,其特征在于,所述部分可以任意地绕波导装置的纵轴可转动。
12.如上述任一项权利要求所述的工具,其特征在于,波导装置连接到或可连接到扭振形式超声波振动源上。
CNA2007800071984A 2006-01-31 2007-01-31 超声波切割工具 Pending CN101394798A (zh)

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CN106963486A (zh) * 2017-05-20 2017-07-21 王新 一种食道反流射频消融电极
CN107174336A (zh) * 2017-05-20 2017-09-19 王新 一种食道反流射频消融电极
CN113747845A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2021-12-03 西拉格国际有限公司 外科器械上的轴旋转致动器

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AU2007210912A1 (en) 2007-08-09
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CA2640599A1 (en) 2007-08-09
EP1983908A1 (en) 2008-10-29
JP2009525106A (ja) 2009-07-09
ZA200807376B (en) 2009-04-29
GB0601881D0 (en) 2006-03-08
WO2007088356A1 (en) 2007-08-09
GB2435214B (en) 2010-01-20
GB2435214A (en) 2007-08-22

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