CN101389258B - 具有改进的轴的家用设备 - Google Patents
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种传导水的家用设备、特别是洗碗机，其配有改进的驱动轴(12)，所述驱动轴(12)设置在湿式运行泵(14)中。铬-氮化合物形成的涂覆层根据PVD方法施加到驱动轴(12)上。所述轴(12)由高级钢制成，对表面上的物理和化学浸蚀来说具有高的抵抗能力，且制造经济。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种家用设备，特别是承载水的家用设备，例如洗碗机，包括要由滑动轴承承载的运动物体，在所述运动物体上设有涂覆层。
背景技术
在承载水的家用设备中，例如在洗碗机或洗衣机中，使用“湿式运行泵”。轴的轴承被设计成向心滑动轴承，相关洗涤液、基本上是水在湿式运行泵中流过轴承。作为被泵泵送的介质，洗涤液通常含有腐蚀性物质，例如来自家庭用水或饮用水或由洗碗机的水软化剂产生的氯化物。因此，不锈钢轴通常用于避免轴上的腐蚀。洗涤液通常包含颗粒例如沙、硅酸盐或金属，其中一些是源自例如从轴承或轴脱落的颗粒的摩擦物。然而，不锈钢轴具有低的表面硬度，因此，当在液体中悬浮有相应的颗粒时，这将导致不锈钢轴的表面变粗糙，从而，会由于摩擦增加导致向心轴承的过早失效。
当使用硬化钢时，由于硬化钢是碳合金，通常会因腐蚀发生失效。即使通过电镀施加硬金属涂覆层例如铬，但例如也会因为剥落导致向心轴承的失效。由氧化物陶瓷材料制成的轴制造起来更贵，且只能有限使用，因为氧化物陶瓷材料的性能使得它们难以成形和加工。此外，由氧化物陶瓷材料制成的轴不能在向心轴承中经受干式运行。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种家用设备，所述家用设备具有低成本的驱动轴，所述驱动轴在湿式轴承中还能够在含有腐蚀性物质和颗粒的液体的情况下工作，且具有良好的干式运行性能。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种合适的涂覆方法。
上述目的通过权利要求1所述的根据本发明的家用设备和权利要求20所述的根据本发明的涂覆方法实现。有利实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
在根据本发明的家用设备、例如吹风机、混合器或真空清洁器中，特别是在承载水的家用设备例如洗碗机或洗衣机中，包括要由滑动轴承承载的运动物体，且特别是含有金属元素的涂覆层设置在运动物体上，涂覆层含有至少一种非金属元素，所述至少一种非金属元素具有至少1％的摩尔分数，其中，涂覆层的硬度等于至少800HV、特别是至少2000HV。
特别地，涂覆层含有至少一种金属元素。非金属元素例如氮的摩尔分数大于3％，特别是大于25％。涂覆层使用的材料所包含的诸如氧或碳的元素通常非常少即比例非常小，例如在小于0.5％摩尔分数左右。特别地，涂覆层由陶瓷或类似陶瓷的材料形成。涂覆层优选由含有至少一种非金属元素和至少一种金属元素的化合物形成。
所述至少一种非金属元素例如优选是选自卤族、氧族或氮族或碳的元素。所述非金属元素也被认为包括惰性气体。
特别地，涂覆层含有至少一种金属元素，所述至少一种金属元素具有至少1％的摩尔分数。
金属元素例如优选是从包括碱金属、碱土金属或土金属(earth metal)或例如铅或锡的组中选择的元素。
涂覆层材料优选是由至少一种金属元素和至少一种非金属元素形成的化合物。
涂覆层优选通过物理气相沉积(PVD技术)，例如通过蒸镀(vapordeposition)、喷溅、等离子体真空技术或离子注入施加。
在另一实施例中，涂覆层通过汽相沉积(deposition from the vaporphase)，例如热CVD、等离子体CVD、光子CVD和激光诱导CVD施加。
在又一实施例中，涂覆层通过化学涂覆技术例如电镀施加。
涂覆层优选含有铬和/或氮，特别是由铬-氮化合物形成。因此，金属元素是铬，非金属元素是氮。除这些元素以外，也可使用其他化学元素。例如，涂覆层可由氮化钛形成，尽管由于与铬-氮化合物相比具有较高的硬度而使得它趋向于剥落，因此不太合适。
涂覆层的厚度优选在0.1μm和20μm之间，特别是为5μm左右。
在优选实施例中，运动物体是由向心轴承承载的轴。
在优选实施例中，轴可由电机驱动。
在另一实施例中，泵的叶轮或螺旋桨可由轴驱动。
轴的向心轴承优选被实施为湿式轴承。
在另一实施例中，向心轴承由烧结碳制成，且优选被实施为单独的轴瓦。除了烧结碳以外，塑料例如热塑性塑料也可用于向心轴承。
在又一实施例中，电机和/或湿式运行泵和/或轴瓦设置在塑料包封结构中。
包封结构优选由多个部件组成。
在另一实施例中，轴由不锈钢制成，从而轴是非腐蚀性的。
在根据本发明的用于家用设备的轴的涂覆方法中，涂覆层通过PVD技术、化学涂覆技术或CVD技术施加。
特别地，涂覆层由铬-氮化合物形成。
附图说明
下面，参看附图示例性地描述本发明，附图包括：
图1示出了通过用于洗碗机的湿式运行泵及电机的剖视图。
具体实施方式
湿式运行泵14设置在根据本发明的洗碗机(未示出)中。电机13经由轴12驱动湿式运行泵14的叶轮2。叶轮2由外泵壳1和内泵壳3环绕着。环4设置在外泵壳1与电机壳体11之间。转子10由定子5驱动。转子10固定到轴12上。轴12由作为轴瓦7的向心轴承承载。轴瓦7优选由烧结碳制成。轴瓦7经由环6连接到内泵壳3或电机壳体11。此外，轴12由陶瓷环8环绕着，且陶瓷环8由橡胶支座承载。
根据本发明的洗碗机中的洗涤液流过轴12，还流过转子10。因此，洗涤液也在轴12与轴瓦7之间的间隙中出现。
轴12由不锈钢制成，且涂覆有含有非金属元素例如氮的材料。涂覆层的硬度大于1000HV(维氏硬度)，特别是大于1500或2000HV。涂覆层优选由铬-氮化合物形成。由铬-氮化合物形成的涂覆层通过物理气相沉积(PVD)施加。该技术例如包括蒸镀、喷溅、等离子体真空方法或离子注入。在等离子体真空处理中，不锈钢轴12放入合适的处理腔室中，且铬-氮涂覆层通过使用电弧从铬板烧掉铬离子、以及由处理腔室中存在的氮离子施加到不锈钢轴12上。其他涂覆技术，例如使用电镀方法的化学沉积，会产生性能不合适的涂覆层。
涂覆层的厚度在2至10μm的范围内，特别是在5μm左右。轴12上的涂覆层(未示出)的高的硬度意味着洗涤液(悬浮液)中存在的颗粒不能刺入轴12的表面，或不能使轴12的表面变粗糙。这提高了湿式运行泵14的使用寿命，换言之，提高了可靠性，因为在轴12的表面与作为向心轴承的轴瓦7之间的摩擦没有增加。轴12使用不锈钢材料还确保了相对于含有腐蚀性物质例如氯或清洁剂的洗涤液的耐腐蚀性。轴瓦7优选由烧结碳或塑料制成。轴12的涂覆层还确保了需要的干式运行可靠性，即确保了在轴瓦7的周围没有清洁液或水时的运行。向心轴承需要在湿式运行泵的许多应用场合、例如在洗碗机中的临界工作条件下能够经受干式运行，所述临界工作条件例如有起泡、泡沫形成或不正确使用。使用PVD技术施加涂覆层不会损害轴12的原始形状，因为涂覆层即使对于困难的轮廓也能提供永久的保护涂覆层。
简而言之，湿式运行泵设在根据本发明的洗碗机中，其驱动轴与现有技术相比便宜很多，且由于该轴具有特殊的涂覆层，因此它对颗粒的机械作用和腐蚀性物质的化学作用具有更显著的抵抗力。因此根据本发明的洗碗机中的湿式运行泵的可靠性和使用寿命可以较低的制造成本得到显著提高。
Claims (21)
1.一种包括用于移动液体的湿式运行泵的承载水的家用设备，包括要由滑动轴承(7)承载的湿式运行泵的转动轴(12)，在所述转动轴(12)上设有涂覆层，所述涂覆层为所述转动轴提供保护来抵抗包含在液体中的颗粒或悬浮固体，其特征在于，所述涂覆层含有至少一种非金属元素，所述至少一种非金属元素具有至少1％的摩尔分数，所述涂覆层的硬度等于至少800HV。
2.如权利要求1所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层的硬度等于至少2000HV。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述至少一种非金属元素是选自卤族、氧族或氮族的元素。
4.如权利要求1所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层含有至少一种金属元素，所述至少一种金属元素具有至少1％的摩尔分数。
5.如权利要求4所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述至少一种金属元素是从包括碱金属、碱土金属或土金属的组中选择的元素。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的家用设备，其特征在于，涂覆层材料是由至少一种金属元素和至少一种非金属元素形成的化合物。
7.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层通过物理气相沉积(PVD技术)施加。
8.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层通过汽相沉积施加。
9.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层通过化学涂覆技术施加。
10.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层含有铬和/或氮。
11.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层的厚度在0.1μm和20μm之间。
12.如权利要求1-2和4-5中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，转动轴是由向心轴承(7)承载的轴(12)。
13.如权利要求12所述的家用设备，其特征在于，转动轴(12)可由电机(13)驱动。
14.如权利要求13所述的家用设备，其特征在于，湿式运行泵(14)的叶轮(2)或螺旋桨(2)可由转动轴(12)驱动。
15.如权利要求12所述的家用设备，其特征在于，转动轴(12)的向心轴承(7)被实施为湿式轴承。
16.如权利要求12所述的家用设备，其特征在于，向心轴承(7)由烧结碳制成，且被实施为单独的轴瓦(7)。
17.如权利要求13至16中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，电机(13)和/或湿式运行泵(14)和/或轴瓦(7)设置在塑料包封结构(1，3，11)中。
18.如权利要求17所述的家用设备，其特征在于，包封结构(1，3，11)由多个部件组成。
19.如权利要求12所述的家用设备，其特征在于，转动轴(12)由不锈钢制成。
20.如权利要求1-2、4-5、13-16和18-19中任一所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述家用设备是洗碗机。
21.如权利要求11所述的家用设备，其特征在于，所述涂覆层的厚度为5μm左右。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006008762A DE102006008762A1 (de) | 2006-02-24 | 2006-02-24 | Haushaltsgerät mit verbesserter Welle |
| DE102006008762.3 | 2006-02-24 | ||
| PCT/EP2007/050316 WO2007098976A2 (de) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-01-15 | Haushaltsgerät mit verbesserter welle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101389258A CN101389258A (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
| CN101389258B true CN101389258B (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2007800064232A Expired - Fee Related CN101389258B (zh) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-01-15 | 具有改进的轴的家用设备 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9407119B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1988810B1 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20080100196A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101389258B (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102006008762A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2664372T3 (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL1988810T3 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007098976A2 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007025403B4 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2017-03-02 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Lagerschild zur Lagerung einer Welle |
| IT1400108B1 (it) | 2010-05-20 | 2013-05-17 | Acomon Ag | Catalizzatore di polimerizzazione per politiouretani, composizione liquida polimerizzabile e procedimento per la produzione di vetri organici politiouretanici ad alto indice di rifrazione |
| GB201010676D0 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-08-11 | Goodrich Control Sys Ltd | Motor |
| TWI594551B (zh) | 2012-03-29 | 2017-08-01 | 荏原製作所股份有限公司 | 密封電動機、真空泵 |
| PL3047150T3 (pl) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-11-30 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Urządzenie gospodarstwa domowego prowadzące wodę z zespołem silnik-pompa we wspólnej obudowie |
| CN105593525B (zh) * | 2013-09-17 | 2017-08-11 | Bsh家用电器有限公司 | 具有屏蔽泵的导水的家用设备 |
| KR101405412B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-06-11 | (주)스포시스 | 진공 플라즈마를 이용한 식기류의 표면코팅방법 |
| EP2899855B1 (de) * | 2014-01-23 | 2022-08-24 | Pierburg Pump Technology GmbH | Elektrische Kraftfahrzeug-Kühlmittelpumpe |
| DE102014202570A1 (de) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-13 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Elektrischer Antriebsmotor, Pumpe und Haushaltsgerät mit einer solchen Pumpe |
| CN106062372A (zh) * | 2014-03-06 | 2016-10-26 | 皮尔伯格泵技术有限责任公司 | 机动车电动液体泵 |
| DE102014223795A1 (de) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pumpe, insbesondere eine Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe |
| DE102014225247A1 (de) | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden |
| DE102015204398A1 (de) | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Welle für ein Haushaltsgerät, Welle für ein Haushaltsgerät zur Pflege von Wäschestücken sowie Haushaltsgerät zur Pflege von Wäschestücken |
| CN105048658A (zh) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 佛山市威灵洗涤电机制造有限公司 | 电机、洗涤泵、洗碗机和电机的制造方法 |
| KR102303122B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-09-16 | 강두석 | 식품 분쇄기 |
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- 2007-01-15 US US12/223,995 patent/US9407119B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006008762A1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
| US20100288316A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| WO2007098976A2 (de) | 2007-09-07 |
| EP1988810A2 (de) | 2008-11-12 |
| PL1988810T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
| WO2007098976A3 (de) | 2008-04-10 |
| EP1988810B1 (de) | 2018-03-14 |
| CN101389258A (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
| US9407119B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
| ES2664372T3 (es) | 2018-04-19 |
| KR20080100196A (ko) | 2008-11-14 |
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