CN101386884B - 一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法 - Google Patents

一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法 Download PDF

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CN101386884B
CN101386884B CN2008101374425A CN200810137442A CN101386884B CN 101386884 B CN101386884 B CN 101386884B CN 2008101374425 A CN2008101374425 A CN 2008101374425A CN 200810137442 A CN200810137442 A CN 200810137442A CN 101386884 B CN101386884 B CN 101386884B
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CN101386884A (zh
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姜毓君
满朝新
赵宁
吕琦
赵凤
刘伟
韩希妍
毕宇涵
王明娜
张光辉
相丽
闫冰
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Northeast Agricultural University
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Abstract

一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法,它涉及了一种检测原料乳中细菌的方法。本发明解决了现有检测原料乳中致病菌的方法中存在不能同时检测多种致病菌、耗时长、费用高或不适用于检测牛乳的问题。本发明同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法按照如下步骤进行:一、将待检测的原料乳去除脂肪;二、将步骤一保温后的样品过滤;三、收集洗脱液;四、进行多重PCR并对凝胶成像系统进行分析;即得到检测结果。本发明的试剂盒由Taq酶溶液、多重PCR反应液、阴性对照液和阳性对照液组成。本发明的方法具有耗时短、费用低、适用于检测牛乳和检测结果准确的优点。本发明的试剂盒使用方便。

Description

一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测原料乳中细菌的方法。
背景技术
牛乳作为一种广泛食用并且是无数加工食品原辅料的重要动物源性食品品种,是人类最理想的营养食品之一,人们对乳及乳制品的需求也在逐年增加。然而牛乳也是一种最易遭受病菌污染而腐败变质的食品之一。乳制品中造成大规摸入群食源性疾病暴发的主要致病菌包括金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、单增李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌、布鲁氏杆菌、志贺氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌等。1994年美国暴发了由沙门氏菌造成的冰淇淋污染,约有22400人患病。2000年日本大阪市爆发了由金黄色葡萄球菌造成的乳制品中毒事件,发病者达10682人。2001年在江苏、安徽等地暴发的肠出血性大肠杆菌0157:H7食物中毒造成177人死亡,中毒人数超过2万人。此外,世界各地仍有因致病菌的存在而导致乳制品中毒事件的频频发生。这些事件的发生无不说明了检测乳中致病菌的重要性。
目前检测乳中致病菌的方法除常规方法外主要应用PCR技术,但应用PCR技术一次实验只能检测一种致病菌,而原料乳中可能同时存在多种不同致病菌,有可能涉及不同种和型别的细菌,所以近些年来出现了一次实验可以检测多种致病菌的多重PCR技术,但现在还没有针对乳中多种主要的致病菌进行一次性的多重PCR检测。此外直接应用多重PCR技术需要8~12h的预增菌时间,耗时长;通过加入过滤技术来快速富集菌体以节省预增菌的时间,如美国的杜邦公司开发出了BAX检测系统,这些系统可以在很短的时间内检出致病菌,但这些体系所需的仪器动辄数十万元,目前还不能普遍应用,并且现有采用过滤技术富集菌体只能过滤畜禽类肉品清洗后的污水等较“澄清”的样品,对于牛乳这种相对“混浊”且成分复杂的样品,虽有人也采用过滤技术进行过滤,但一次过滤只能富集到一种致病菌。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有检测原料乳中致病菌的方法中存在不能同时检测多种致病菌、耗时长、费用高或不适用于检测牛乳的问题,而提供一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法。
本发明同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法按照如下步骤进行:一、将200mL待检测的原料乳以3000g的离心力离心15min,去除上层的脂肪,得到不含脂肪的样品,向样品中加入30mL、体积浓度为50%的EDTA-2Na溶液,在37℃的水浴中保温30min;二、将步骤一保温后的样品通过蔡氏过滤器进行过滤,过滤后的滤膜剪成碎片,放入干燥无菌的烧瓶,向烧瓶中加入20mL的生理盐水,放在漩涡振荡器上震荡洗脱2min;三、收集洗脱液,以10000g的离心力离心5min,取下层菌体沉淀用1mL的灭菌双蒸水溶液重新悬浮,再以10000g的离心力离心5min,弃去上清液,即得到菌体;四、利用细菌基因组试剂盒提取细菌基因组DNA作为多重PCR模板,最后进行多重PCR,然后以2%凝胶电泳鉴定PCR扩增产物,并以凝胶成像系统进行分析;即得到检测结果;步骤四50μL多重PCR反应体系由44μL的多重PCR反应液、2μL浓度为2.5U/μL的Taq酶溶液和4μL的DNA模板组成;其中44μL的多重PCR反应液由5μL的10×PCR buffer、3μL浓度为10-2mol/L的dNTPs、8μL的引物液和28μL的灭菌双蒸水组成,引物液中含有单增李斯特氏菌引物2.5×10-11mol、沙门氏菌引物1.25×10-11mol、金黄色葡萄球菌引物2.5×10-11mol、大肠杆菌O157:H7引物1.25×10-11mol和蜡样芽孢杆菌引物2.5×10-11mol;扩增反应条件为预变性95℃5min,变性94℃50s,退火59℃50s,延伸72℃50s,共40个循环,延伸70℃10min;单增李斯特菌上游引物为5’-CACTGCATCTCCGTGGTATACTAA-3’,单增李斯特菌下游引物为5’-TGCAAGTCCTAAGACGCCA-3’,沙门氏菌上游引物为5’-ACTCTGCCGGGATTCCCACT-3’,沙门氏菌下游引物为5’-CAGTCCTAACGACGACCCTTCT-3’,金黄色葡萄球菌上游引物为5’-AAGGGCAATACGCAAAGAGGT-3’,金黄色葡萄球菌下游引物为5’AATGCACTTGCTTCAGGACCATA-3’,大肠杆菌O157:H7上游引物为5’-AACAGGAGGTGTCAGTAGGGAAGC-3’,大肠杆菌O157:H7下游引物为5’-CCCCATCATCGCCGTATAGTC-3’,蜡样芽孢杆菌上游引物为5’-

Claims (1)

1.一种同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法,其特征在于同时检测原料乳中多种致病菌的方法按照如下步骤进行:一、将200mL待检测的原料乳以3000g的离心力离心15min,去除上层的脂肪,得到不含脂肪的样品,向样品中加入30mL、体积浓度为50%的EDTA-2Na溶液,在37℃的水浴中保温30min;二、将步骤一保温后的样品通过蔡氏过滤器进行过滤,过滤后的滤膜剪成碎片,放入干燥无菌的烧瓶,向烧瓶中加入20mL的生理盐水,放在漩涡振荡器上震荡洗脱2min;三、收集洗脱液,以10000g的离心力离心5min,取下层菌体沉淀用1mL的灭菌双蒸水溶液重新悬浮,再以10000g的离心力离心5min,弃去上清液,即得到菌体;四、利用细菌基因组试剂盒提取细菌基因组DNA作为多重PCR模板,最后进行多重PCR,然后以2%凝胶电泳鉴定PCR扩增产物,并以凝胶成像系统进行分析;即得到检测结果;步骤四50μL多重PCR反应体系由44μL的多重PCR反应液、2μL浓度为2.5U/μL的Taq酶溶液和4μL的DNA模板组成;其中44μL的多重PCR反应液由5μL的10×PCR buffer、3μL浓度为10-2mol/L的dNTPs、8μL的引物液和28μL的灭菌双蒸水组成,引物液中含有单增李斯特氏菌引物2.5×10-11mol、沙门氏菌引物1.25×10-11mol、金黄色葡萄球菌引物2.5×10-11mol、大肠杆菌O157:H7引物1.25×10-11mol和蜡样芽孢杆菌引物2.5×10-11mol;扩增反应条件为预变性95℃5min,变性94℃50s,退火59℃50s,延伸72℃50s,共40个循环,延伸70℃10min;单增李斯特菌上游引物为5’-CACTGCATCTCCGTGGTATACTAA-3’,单增李斯特菌下游引物为5’-TGCAAGTCCTAAGACGCCA-3’,沙门氏菌上游引物为5’-ACTCTGCCGGGATTCCCACT-3’,沙门氏菌下游引物为5’-CAGTCCTAACGACGACCCTTCT-3’,金黄色葡萄球菌上游引物为5’-AAGGGCAATACGCAAAGAGGT-3’,金黄色葡萄球菌下游引物为5’-AATGCACTTGCTTCAGGACCATA-3’,大肠杆菌O157:H7上游引物为5’-AACAGGAGGTGTCAGTAGGGAAGC-3’,大肠杆菌O157:H7下游引物为5’-CCCCATCATCGCCGTATAGTC-3’,蜡样芽孢杆菌上游引物为5’-TGGACAAACTCAAACTCAAACGAC-3’,蜡样芽孢杆菌下游引物为5’TGTTACTCCACCGATTACAGCGT-3’。
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CN101831493B (zh) * 2009-11-06 2012-05-23 武汉工业学院 致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌的环介导等温扩增引物对与检测方法
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CN102174487B (zh) * 2010-12-20 2012-11-07 江苏省农业科学院 一种李斯特菌噬菌体溶壁酶及其制备方法和应用
CN102676506A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2012-09-19 曹际娟 单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌核酸标准样品、其建立方法及应用
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CN103725751A (zh) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-16 苏州四同医药科技有限公司 一种高特异高敏感检测分泌呕吐毒素蜡样芽孢杆菌的方法
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