CN101375199B - 在太阳能电池板表面上显示影像的光学系统 - Google Patents
在太阳能电池板表面上显示影像的光学系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一种光学系统,此系统能够使影像显示在太阳能电池板的表面上且不使该影像构成对直射太阳光线的障碍。系统包括太阳能电池板(SP),由线性透镜形成的柱镜面(SL),以及透明膜片(F)。膜片上印有影像(I),影像与透镜纵轴(X)相平行的直线条纹(BT)已被去掉。在一些观察角度,观测者(OB)只能够看到影像条纹(BN),而在其他的入射角度,阳光将会穿过透明条纹(BT)并到达太阳能传感器的有效表面。本发明特别适合于太阳能电池极在美学与建筑学上的结合并在其表面上传播可视信息。
Description
技术领域
在发明涉及在太阳能电池板表面上显示影像的光学系统。
背景技术
术语“太阳能电池板”在这里用任意型式的表面(无论是平面还是曲面)予以定义,其作用是将太阳能转化成热或电。
为了得到最大的日照效率,必须对太阳能电池板进行定向以便考虑设施地理位置上太阳的各种不同方位。通常,太阳能电池板朝南的倾角为所在场所的纬度。不过,随着太阳能电池板、特别是使用薄膜形硅片的光电型太阳能电池板的制造成本的持续下降,太阳能电池板的定向将会变得不十分必要了,因为由定向而引起的效率不是可以通过全面增加有效面积加以补偿,而在价格上也没有很大差异。这就将会例如便于太阳能电池板的竖向定位。
太阳能电池板通常色彩黑暗,乃至完全为黑色,因而与它们被固定在其上的支持件的颜色形成强烈反差并与它们的美学和建筑学的结合相违背。
在太阳能电池板表面上显示影像是本发明的目的。这一影像对直射太阳光线只构成部分的障碍,因而使太阳能电池板在得益于所选影像可视特性的同时能够以最小的日照损失来运行。通过显示此影像或色彩,从而将有可能使太阳能电池板的美学结合更加容易。此影像利用其内容还可以成为信息型、指示型或广告型的通信工具。安装有构成本发明对象之光学系统的太阳能电池板在下文中将用术语“成像太阳能电池板”表示。
术语“环境光线”在此定义为由太阳能传感器所接收到的总光线。环境光线由直射阳光和由于环境所造成的散射光构成。
发明内容
本发明包括镜柱面、影像以及太阳能电池板。这些元件中各元件的相应排列使得能够在一些观察角度上显示出上述影像而又看不到太阳能电池板的表面,同时还能使入射角不同于以上观察角的直射太阳光线到达太阳能电池板的有效表面。因此,镜柱面和影像将不会构成对直射太阳光线的障碍而只会部分地构成对周围散射光的障碍。
构成本发明主题的“成像太阳能电池板”包括透明膜片,膜片上印有影像,影像的平行等距直线条纹已被去掉。术语“影像条纹”被定义为影像的未被去掉的余下的条纹。膜片被放在太阳能电池板的有效面与镜柱面之间的适当位置。镜柱面包括并列放置的完全相同的平-凸型线性透镜,其宽度等于影像条纹的宽度与透明条纹的宽度之和。透明膜片置于透镜焦面中在镜柱面的平面侧,因此影像条纹和透明条纹与透镜的纵轴相平行。要这样计算出影像条纹和透明条纹的宽度使得在某一范围的观察角度内,观测者将只看到影像条纹,因而只看到影像本身,而在另一范围的观察角度内,光线将穿过透明条纹,因而到达太阳能传感器的有效面。线性透镜实际上是聚集光线,因此焦面区域上的影像以及影像的位置依透镜表面上光线的入射角而定。光线以相对于与镜柱面之褶皱面相垂直的轴线所测得的入射角而照射到该褶皱面上,入射角取值在+45°至-45°。透镜焦面区域Z1和Z2对应的入射角范围为[A1,A2]和[A2,A3]。通过使影像的影像条纹和透明条纹分别朝向区域Z1和Z2的适当定位,观察角在A1与A2之间的观测者将会看到区域Z1中的影像条纹,因而也是影像本身,而入射角在A2和A3之间的光线将被聚集在区域2上并将在达到太阳能传感器的有效面之前穿过透明条纹。因此影像对镜柱面的相对定位将依观测者的各种可能位置以及天空中太阳的各种可能位置而定,进而知道这些不同角度位置将确定出影像条纹和透明条纹所在的区域Z1和Z2。
为了防止光线从镜柱面通到膜片、再从膜片通到太阳能传感器有效面的多重反射,使用与要连接的光学部件具有相同折射率的透明胶可将不同的元件粘结起来,或者是对各不同表面进行抗反射处理。为了提高准确度并且不用粘结操作,可以将影像直接印制在镜柱面的平面上。根据一个具体的实施方案,成像太阳能电池板将会具有以上实施方案的一些特点,但镜柱面这次将使其平面向外,而平行面向的透明薄板则插在镜柱面与影像之间。对此透明薄板将以直线方式按固定间隔垂直于其表面加以切割,为的是造成与透镜纵轴平行、面向透镜各接合处定位的薄平的空气缝翼。这种光学表面与前一光学表面相比的优点是观察角度和太阳光线入射角度,其数值可取在-70°至+70°。换句话说,入射角大于45°的光线在其穿过透镜之后,借助折射率跃迁的光学原理将在透明薄板内产生折射并在空气缝翼表面上反射,结果被改向进入区域Z1或Z2。
根据一个具体实施方案,以致将观察角度提高到高达90°,可使用双凸线性透镜来取代根据以上实施方案的平-凸线性透镜。
根据另一实施方案,与成像太阳能传感器相关的影像可以进行摇控修改,例如通过使用液晶显示器进行修改。若影像修改很快,那么将会观察到动画影像。
根据一个变异实施方案(未加图解说明),将对动画影像加以修改使得与太阳能传感器表面具有同样色彩的区域将被消除而成为透明的。因而,影像的再现将不会被修改,因为这些区域由于是透明的而会呈现出处在其后的太阳能电池板的颜色。这样将穿过影像的光线将会到达太阳能传感器,因而将被加在由传感器已经接收到的光线上。
根据又一实施方案,影像条纹将由细细的太阳能传感器条纹所取代,而太阳能电池板将由固定影像或动画影像所取代。这些太阳能传感器条纹将相对于镜柱面进行定位以便接收来自太阳的直射光线,而透明条纹将使处在其他观察角度的观测者能够透过如此形成的太阳能电池板看到影像或动画影像。
附图说明
附图图解说明了本发明:
-图1以分解视图表示出构成成像太阳能电池板之各不同元件的配置情况;
-图2示出说明成像太阳能电池板原理的截面图和示意图,一方面有由观测者所看到的影像的显示,另一方面有当时到达太阳能传感器表面的太阳光线的光径;及
-图3示出一个具体实施方案,该方案为增大观测角度使用了平-凸镜柱面以及根据折射率跃迁反射原理的光线改向。
具体实施方式
参照附图,系统是由太阳能电池板(SP),其上印有影像(I)的透明膜片(F),以及镜柱面(SL)构成。影像(I)被直线形平行等距的透明条纹(BT)部分地消除。因此,该影像变成为由不透明平行的影像条纹(BN)以及透明平行条纹(BT)所组成的一种影像。镜柱面由具有平-凸截面的完全相同的线性透镜所组成,其宽度等于影像条纹的宽度与透明条纹的宽度之和,并且其互相平行并列放置。透明膜片(F)置于太阳能电池板(SP)和镜柱面(SL)之间在透镜焦面内,而柱镜透镜的褶皱面则朝向系统的外部。影像条纹(BN)和透明条纹(BT)相对于透镜应进行定位,使这些条纹(BN和BT)与透镜的纵轴(X)相平行并且在角范围[A1,A2]内的一些角度进行观察时,观测者(OB)将只会看到影像条纹(BN)。然而,在角度范围[A2,A3]内的其他观察角,太阳光线将穿过影像的透明条纹(BT)并到达太阳能传感器的表面(SP)。条纹(BN)和(BT)面向区域Z1和Z2定位。区域Z1和Z2代表性透镜焦面的、由入射角分别在角范围[A1,A2]和[A2,A3]之内的光线所覆盖的区域。在透镜的凸折射面为半柱形(图2)的情况下,A1和A2将取限值45°。这些角度应相对于与透镜纵轴(X)相垂直并且与镜柱面(SL)相垂直的轴(Y)进行测量。
在具有平-凸镜柱面且平-凸镜柱面的平面转向外(图3)的实施方案的情况下,入射光线在穿过透镜的凸折射面时被聚集然后在穿过透明薄板(PT)的第一平面时受到折射。有些光线直接到达区域Z1和Z2,而入射角更大的其他光线(R1,R2)在到达区域Z1和Z2之前在空气缝翼表面上被反射。
为减少这些寄生反射,镜柱面、平行面向的薄板以及太阳能传感器的各不同表面都要进行抗反射处理,或者是使用折射率与所接触光学部件折射率完全相同的透明胶(C)来粘结膜片。
作为一个非限制性实施例,太阳能电池板将是涂有一薄层均匀硅涂层的光电型式。太阳能电池板,同样地,透明膜片和镜柱面都将是太小为宽60cm乘以高100cm的长方形。太阳能电池板向北倾斜与竖直方向成22°,而其有效面则朝南。其中有宽度相同均为0.5mm之透明和不透明横向条纹的彩色影像利用丝网印刷印制在透明膜片上。镜柱面由直径为1mm厚度为1.2mm的线性透镜构成,其厚度等于第一透镜的焦距。对镜柱面要进行定位使得透镜的纵轴呈水平方向,因而也与影像的条纹相平行。使用透明胶将透明膜片粘结到镜柱面的平面上并使其准确定位,因而使各影像条纹处在各透镜的上半个焦面。因此各透明条纹也就处在各透镜的下半个焦面。对于处在与成像太阳能电池板同一水平的观测者而言,观察角等于-22°,从而使其能够看到影像条纹。太阳在通过子午线处在纬度45°时,其达到的高度视季节而定可在相对于南地平线的22°至68°间变化,因此太阳光线对太阳能电池板的入射角在0°至46°,因而所有的太阳光将穿过透明条纹达到太阳能传感器的表面。
本发明特别于适合于太阳能电池板在美学与建筑学上的结合并在其表面上显示可视信息。
Claims (7)
1.用于显示太阳能电池板表面上的影像的光学系统,
其特征在于,该系统包括:
太阳能电池板;
透明膜片,在所述透明膜片上印有影像,其中一系列宽度相等等距分开的平行直线条纹已从影像上去除,以便形成透明条纹和影像条纹;和
镜柱面,所述镜柱面由并列放置的完全相同的线性透镜组成,所述线性透镜拥有平-凸截面,其中镜柱面的平表面朝向影像或者向外,或者所述线性透镜拥有双凸型截面,其宽度等于透明条纹的宽度与影像条纹的宽度之和,透镜的纵轴与影像条纹和透明条纹相平行,所说的透明条纹和影像条纹在太阳能电池板表面与镜柱面之间在透镜的焦面内进行定位使观测者将只看到影像条纹或太阳能电池板表面,这一选择性的方案取决于观察镜柱面的观察角度。
2.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,
其特征在于,
所述镜柱面由并列放置的完全相同的拥有平-凸截面的线性透镜组成,而且所述镜柱面的平表面向外,而在所述镜柱面与膜片之间插入一平行面向的透明薄板,对所述透明薄板以直线方式按固定间隔垂直于其表面进行切割,其条件是使薄平的空气空隙与所述透镜的纵轴相平行并面向这些透镜的各接合处定位。
3.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,
所述太阳能电池板和镜柱面的各个光学表面都有抗反射涂层。
4.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,
使用透明胶将膜片粘结到所述太阳能电池板和镜柱面的各个光学表面上,透明胶的折射率与所接触的光学部件的折射率相同。
5.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,
与太阳能电池板表面具有同样颜色的影像区域被去除变成透明的区域。
6.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,
所述透明膜片上的影像是动画影像。
7.按照权利要求1所述的光学系统,
其特征在于,
把影像条纹和透明条纹相对于所述镜柱面进行定位使得在某一范围的观察角度内,观测者将只看到影像条纹,而在另一范围的观察角度内,光线将穿过透明条纹,因而到达太阳能电池板的有效面。
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FR0600691 | 2006-01-26 | ||
FR0600691A FR2896596B1 (fr) | 2006-01-26 | 2006-01-26 | Systeme optique pour visualiser une image a la surface d'un panneau solaire |
PCT/FR2007/000122 WO2007085721A1 (fr) | 2006-01-26 | 2007-01-23 | Systeme optique pour visualiser une image a la surface d' un panneau solaire |
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CN101375199A CN101375199A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
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US (1) | US8264775B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1982226B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4971362B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101276278B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101375199B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE435438T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0706689A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602007001447D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1982226T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2329423T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2896596B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL1982226T3 (zh) |
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JP2009524794A (ja) | 2009-07-02 |
DK1982226T3 (da) | 2009-11-09 |
US20110063729A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EP1982226B1 (fr) | 2009-07-01 |
FR2896596A1 (fr) | 2007-07-27 |
KR20080095857A (ko) | 2008-10-29 |
WO2007085721A1 (fr) | 2007-08-02 |
JP4971362B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
ATE435438T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
EP1982226A1 (fr) | 2008-10-22 |
US8264775B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
PT1982226E (pt) | 2009-10-09 |
FR2896596B1 (fr) | 2008-04-18 |
PL1982226T3 (pl) | 2009-12-31 |
BRPI0706689A2 (pt) | 2011-04-05 |
ES2329423T3 (es) | 2009-11-25 |
CN101375199A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
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DE602007001447D1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
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