WO2018103551A1 - 一种自由曲面棱镜组及使用其的近眼显示装置 - Google Patents

一种自由曲面棱镜组及使用其的近眼显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018103551A1
WO2018103551A1 PCT/CN2017/113080 CN2017113080W WO2018103551A1 WO 2018103551 A1 WO2018103551 A1 WO 2018103551A1 CN 2017113080 W CN2017113080 W CN 2017113080W WO 2018103551 A1 WO2018103551 A1 WO 2018103551A1
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Prior art keywords
prism
free
main
auxiliary
adjacent
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PCT/CN2017/113080
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English (en)
French (fr)
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程德文
王其为
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北京耐德佳显示技术有限公司
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Application filed by 北京耐德佳显示技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京耐德佳显示技术有限公司
Priority to CN201780068826.3A priority Critical patent/CN110073272B/zh
Priority to CN202210070844.8A priority patent/CN114325903A/zh
Publication of WO2018103551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103551A1/zh
Priority to US16/423,005 priority patent/US11327308B2/en
Priority to US17/658,651 priority patent/US12111471B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0972—Prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/12—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
    • G02B27/142—Coating structures, e.g. thin films multilayers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free-form surface prism group and a near-eye display device using the same, in particular to a free-form surface prism group having a flat outer surface, which only needs to design a main prism, can have good optical performance and is beneficial to various processes. deal with.
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • head-mounted image display devices based on VR or AR mode have made great progress, and consumer-grade products have emerged in recent years, such as Samsung gear VR, Sony PSVR, Epson BT300, Microsoft Hololens, etc., because these head-mounted display devices need to be worn on the observer's head when used, compactness and light weight have always been the relentless pursuit of the industry to alleviate the observer's Load to improve usability.
  • the designed free-form optical element is a feasible optical solution for VR or AR applications.
  • the free-form surface type can better control the aberration and obtain better image quality due to the increased degree of freedom.
  • the weight of the optical component can be reduced and the volume can be reduced.
  • a free-form prism such as a resin material such as PMMA can be manufactured by an injection molding process to facilitate mass production to reduce costs.
  • resin materials are generally incapable of being compared with glass in terms of wear resistance, particularly in the long-term use of ordinary consumers or in relatively complicated industrial environments, and it is necessary to perform necessary measures such as hardening treatment on optical components to protect them. Thereby improving the stability and wear resistance of the component.
  • the invention provides a free-form surface prism group with good stability and wear resistance without additional protective sheet, and a near-eye display device using the same, comprising at least a main prism and a auxiliary prism, and the main prism is used for realizing main folding/reflection
  • the light function, the auxiliary prism is used to compensate the light path and provide a relatively flat surface, in order to improve the processing of stability and wear resistance.
  • a free-form surface prism set according to the present invention includes at least a main prism and a first auxiliary prism, wherein a main prism and a first auxiliary prism are disposed adjacent to each other, and an adjacent surface of the main prism and the first auxiliary prism (103, 201) Has a consistent free-form surface;
  • the main prism has a spectroscopic layer having a predetermined splitting ratio on a surface adjacent to the first auxiliary prism;
  • the first auxiliary prism further includes an opposite surface (202) not adjacent to the main prism, the opposite surface being a plane, an aspheric surface
  • a spherical surface with a radius of curvature greater than 100 mm Or a spherical surface with a radius of curvature greater than 100 mm.
  • a second auxiliary prism (30) is further disposed, the second auxiliary prism is disposed adjacent to the main prism, and the adjacent surfaces (102, 301) of the main prism and the second auxiliary prism have a uniform free curved surface type.
  • the first auxiliary prism and the adjacent surface of the main prism are fixed by gluing; the second auxiliary prism has a predetermined gap between the adjacent surfaces of the main prism, and the gap value does not exceed 1 mm.
  • the second auxiliary prism and the main prism are fixed in a detachable manner.
  • the second auxiliary prism further includes an opposite surface not adjacent to the main prism, and the opposite surface of the second auxiliary prism has a uniform surface shape with respect to the opposite surface of the first auxiliary prism, so that the ambient light passes through the first auxiliary No change in direction occurs after the prism, the main prism, and the second auxiliary prism.
  • the second auxiliary prism further includes an opposite surface not adjacent to the main prism, and an opposite surface of the second auxiliary prism has an inconsistent surface shape with an opposite surface of the first auxiliary prism, so that the free
  • the curved prism group has a predetermined degree of visibility to ambient light.
  • the opposite surface of the second auxiliary prism and the opposite surface of the first auxiliary prism are plated with a hardening film and an antireflection film.
  • the surfaces of the first auxiliary prism and the second auxiliary prism that are not adjacent to the main prism do not exceed the outer edge of the main prism in the direction along the optical axis, thereby
  • the maximum thickness of the entire freeform prism group in the direction of the optical axis is determined by the maximum outer edge thickness of the main prism in this direction.
  • the maximum thickness can be no more than 15 mm.
  • the main prism may further include an extended edge region defined as a region beyond the free-form surface profile having the spectroscopic layer, the profile of the extended edge region having a non-free-form surface profile, and from the face shape of the free-form surface to Non-free-form surfaces are achieved by smooth transitions between faces.
  • an extended edge region defined as a region beyond the free-form surface profile having the spectroscopic layer, the profile of the extended edge region having a non-free-form surface profile, and from the face shape of the free-form surface to Non-free-form surfaces are achieved by smooth transitions between faces.
  • the present invention also relates to a near-eye display device using the free-form prism group of the present invention, further comprising a micro display device placed above the first optical surface of the main prism, the image light emitted by the micro display device being passed through the main prism The first optical surface is incident into the main prism.
  • An opacity filter may be attached to an opposite surface of the free-form prism group that is not adjacent to the main prism, the opacity filter being coupled to the controller, and the micro display device Implement synchronous control.
  • the main prism is formed by high-precision injection molding using a resin material, and the auxiliary prism for compensation does not need to be separately designed, and the surface complexity and design difficulty are alleviated; since both the outer surface of the free-form prism group are Maintaining a planar or nearly planar profile for use as an optical component in a near-eye display device provides good scalability when applying protection and attaching external components.
  • the attached opacity filter enables pixel-level Filter control can effectively reduce the influence of ambient light on enhanced display images, making image fusion more accurate and realistic.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a free-form prism group in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main prism in the free-form prism group shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the imaging distortion of the free-form prism group shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the imaging distortion of the free-form prism group shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4(a) and (b) are cross-sectional views of a free-form prism group with an add-on lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 (c) is a horizontal sectional view of the optical axis of the free-form prism group according to Figure 1
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a free-form surface prism group according to a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the imaging distortion of the free-form prism group shown in FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a near-eye display device using a curved prism group of the present invention.
  • first, second, etc. terms are only to be understood as distinguishing different components, and do not include a limited limiting effect, and, in different embodiments, are also referred to as The component structure for the first part may also be different.
  • the free-form prism group 1 at least needs to include a free-form surface principal prism 10 for imaging and a free-form surface auxiliary prism 20 for compensation, each of which includes at least two The optically effective surface as well as other ancillary surfaces enclose the body.
  • the main prism has at least three optically effective surfaces, and the three effective optical surfaces of the main prism are used for the refraction and/or reflection of the light to achieve an amplification effect on the image.
  • the first optical surface 101 of the main prism 10 has a free-form surface shape, and the image light emitted by the micro display device MD passes through the first optical surface facing the micro display device MD.
  • the image is refracted into the main prism 10 and propagates within the main prism 10 toward the second optical surface 102 of the main prism 10.
  • the image light is totally internally reflected on the surface 102 of the main prism 10.
  • the reflected light is again reflected on the third optical surface 103 of the main prism 10, transmitted through the surface 102 of the main prism 10, and reaches the exit pupil position EPD; wherein the second optical surface 102 and the third optical surface 103 are also free-form surfaces.
  • the surface type of the second optical surface 102 needs to satisfy the condition of achieving total internal reflection of the image light that reaches the first time, and the third optical surface 103 is provided with a light-splitting layer, such as a semi-transparent film or other transparent.
  • the spectroscopic film of the reflectance can be reflected back to the inside of the main prism 10 when the image light is incident on the surface 103 of the main prism 10, and the splitting ratio of the spectroscopic film can be selected according to the luminance of the microdisplay device to ensure MD type image display device is effectively utilized as the light, and the intensity of the ambient light to reach equilibrium, to obtain a good image contrast enhanced reality.
  • the main prism 10 serves as a main optical element for imaging (magnifying a virtual image) of the micro display device MD in the free-form surface prism group 1 of the present invention, using the curvature of the second optical surface of the main prism 10 and the third optical surface, for the microdisplay
  • the image displayed on the MD is enlarged, and the image light transmitted from the third optical surface 103 will no longer enter the human eye, and as a loss of light energy, it does not contribute to imaging. That is, the image light of the micro display device MD is refocused by the main prism 10, so that the image from the micro display device MD seen at the human eye appears to be emitted from a place a few feet away from the eye instead of about one. The inch is far away (the position where the micro display device MD is actually located).
  • the configuration of the main prism 10 surrounded by the surface shape of the three free-form surface shown in FIG. 2 improves the amplification capability of the main prism and the ability to correct image aberrations, which is a preferred mode, but is not limited thereto.
  • the three effective optical surfaces of the main prism may also be formed into different face types, for example, leaving only the face shape of the third optical surface 103 as a free curved surface, and selecting the other on the first optical surface and the second optical surface. a face shape that facilitates manufacturing, such as using a spherical or aspherical surface on the first optical surface or the second optical surface, as long as the surface of the second optical surface 102 is required to satisfy the image light that reaches the first time.
  • the condition of reflection can be.
  • the spherical or aspherical surface shape is advantageous for manufacturing and reduces the cost, but the aberration correction ability of the spherical or aspherical surface when the image light is enlarged is significantly lower than that of the free curved surface, and therefore, the third optical surface 103 is kept as a free curved surface.
  • the type of surface is especially important.
  • the auxiliary prism 20 is placed on one side of the main prism 10. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the auxiliary prism 20 is placed outside the main prism 10, that is, on the side close to the environment, and the auxiliary prism 20 and the main prism 10 are provided.
  • the adjacent first surface 201 is an optical surface having a contour conforming to the third optical surface 103 of the main prism and closely conforming to the third optical surface 103 of the main prism, for example, by gluing.
  • the second surface 202 of the secondary prism 20 facing the environment is also an optical surface for transmitting ambient light into the secondary prism 20 and the primary prism 10.
  • the second surface 202 is planar as it faces the environment, preferably the second surface is planar to facilitate a protective process, such as coating a protective film layer, and because the image light from the microdisplay device MD enters the secondary prism 20 is not used for imaging, and therefore, the material of the auxiliary prism 20 may be different from the main prism.
  • the auxiliary prism may not use a special material for reducing optical aberration, thereby reducing manufacturing difficulty and effectively reducing cost.
  • the main prism 10 may be provided with a positioning structure such as a positioning groove, and the positioning structure may cooperate with the shape of the auxiliary prism 20 or with the positioning structure on the first surface 201 of the auxiliary prism 20. Therefore, the relative positions of the auxiliary prism 20 and the main prism 10 are conveniently determined, so that the surface precision of the main prism 10 and the auxiliary prism 20 after the bonding is completed is high, and the image quality can be good for ambient light.
  • an additional auxiliary prism 30 may be further included.
  • the auxiliary prism 30 is disposed on the other side of the main prism 10, that is, the auxiliary prism 30 and the auxiliary prism 20 Placed on both sides of the main prism 10, the auxiliary prism 30 serves as a further compensation for the other side of the optical path.
  • the auxiliary prism 30 is adjacent to the first surface 301 of the main prism 10 as an optical surface, has a surface shape conforming to the second optical surface 102 of the main prism, and has a surface with the second optical surface 102 of the main prism. There is a predetermined interval, and the interval value may be in a range of not more than 1 mm.
  • the gap value is determined by a spacer of a predetermined thickness, or is determined by a card and a post having a fixed length and a card and a groove at a position where the card and the post may be disposed on the auxiliary prism 30 or On the main prism 10, correspondingly, the card and the groove are provided on the main prism 10 or the auxiliary prism 30.
  • the card and post and the card and slot may be integrally formed when the prism is manufactured, or may be attached to the prism surface in an additional manner, such as by bonding.
  • the auxiliary prism 30 has an additional optical surface 302 on the opposite side of the main prism 10, close to the exit EPD (human eye position) of the free-form prism group, to realize a free-form prism group that does not introduce visibility to ambient light,
  • the optical surface 302 of the prism 30 has a contour that coincides with the optical surface 202 of the secondary prism 20 facing the environment side.
  • the optical surface 302 of the secondary prism 30 is also planar.
  • the auxiliary prism 30 can be further used for correcting aberrations, and it is preferable to use an optical material which can conform to the main prism, and The auxiliary prism 30 may not extend over the height of all of the optical surfaces 202 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, but only covers the effective clear aperture range of the outgoing light. Since the face shape of the optical surface 202 tends to have an inclination to the EPD position at a position away from the optical axis, the auxiliary prism 30 using the partial cover can effectively alleviate the overall thickness and volume of the free-form prism group 1.
  • the surface 202 of the secondary prism 20 and the surface 302 of the secondary prism 30 are plated with a cured film and an anti-reflection film.
  • the surface 202 of the secondary prism 20 and the secondary prism 30, the surface 302 has a face shape in the direction along the optical axis, and does not exceed the designed main prism.
  • the outer edge of 10 so that the maximum thickness of the entire free-form prism group 1 in the optical axis direction is determined by the maximum outer edge thickness of the main prism in this direction, and the micro-display device MD of different sizes is adapted according to the main prism 10, the main The maximum outer edge thickness of the prism 10 will change accordingly.
  • the maximum outer edge thickness of the main prism in the optical axis direction can be effectively controlled, and when adapted When the micro-display device MD of a slightly larger size is used, the maximum outer edge thickness of the main prism in the optical axis direction can be appropriately expanded, that is, the maximum outer edge thickness of the main prism in the optical axis direction and the micro display device MD to be adapted thereto.
  • the effective maximum outer edge thickness is proportional to the size of the micro display device MD.
  • each surface surface can be expressed by an XY polynomial (XYP), and the equation is as follows:
  • c is the radius of curvature of the surface
  • k is the conic constant
  • C i is the polynomial coefficient
  • the first auxiliary prism 20 and the main prism are arranged in this order from the side of the environment to the side of the human eye.
  • Air spacing, the entire prism group has a thickness of no more than 15mm, the overall field of view angle FOV can reach more than 50 degrees.
  • the surface 201 and the surface 301 have a surface pattern conforming to the surfaces 103, 102 of the main prism, the surface 202 and the surface 302 are planar, the surface will be omitted in each surface pattern of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Table 1.
  • 201, 202, 301, 302 correspondingly, for the image light provided by the micro display device MD, the image distortion reference on the EPD using the free-form prism set 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG.
  • the free-form surface prism group 1 has a flat surface for the surface toward the environment side and the surface facing the exit side, and has a visual correction effect on the transmitted ambient light, for the user who needs to correct the vision.
  • a lens that is commonly used for correcting vision as shown in Fig. 4(a).
  • the lens 40 for correcting vision is placed on one side of the second auxiliary prism 30, near the position of the exit pupil EPD, on the side opposite to the main prism 10.
  • the corrective vision lens 40 can be passed through additional fixation means, such as a frame and temples (not shown), to allow the corrective vision lens 40 to be placed in front of the user's eyes, or to correct the vision of the lens 40 (usually requiring two pieces for
  • the left and right eyes can be formed as the outer shape of the polarizing clip, and are attached to the free-form prism group 1 which has been assembled into a whole by the snap fasteners on both sides of the clip.
  • the lens 40 for correcting vision is
  • the auxiliary prism 30 may be integrally formed as shown in FIG. 4(b) such that the auxiliary prism 30 having the visibility adjustment function and the main prism 10 are detachably assembled at a predetermined interval, and at this time, the surface 302 of the auxiliary prism 30 is provided.
  • the surface shape is inconsistent with the surface 202 of the auxiliary prism 20, so that the auxiliary prism has an additional visual correction function to meet the needs of users with different degrees of vision.
  • the main prism 10 is effective for the image displayed by the MD because of its necessity.
  • the distortion-free magnification requirement requires a curved front and rear surface 102, 103, and the front and back surfaces 102, 103 having curvature will affect the shape of the main prism and cannot be expanded too much to a desired range (for example, it is not limited by the MD size).
  • the free-form surface prism set 1 generally has flat outer surfaces 202 and 302 as in the first embodiment, referring to the horizontal cross-sectional view along the optical axis of FIG. 4c, the image-magnifying effective portion of the main prism 10 at the center may have the same as described above.
  • the face shape becomes a face type with a non-free surface, such as a spherical surface, an aspherical surface, or a plane (S/AS/FL). It is preferably achieved by a smooth transition between the face shape of the free-form surface and the face shape of the non-free surface.
  • the transition surface SS region correspondingly, the surfaces of the auxiliary prisms 20 and 30 adjacent to the main prism can be matched with the change of the surface shape of the front and rear surfaces 102, 103 of the main prism 10, so that the entire free-form prism group 1 remains flat.
  • the outer surface 202, 302 the ambient light passes through the free-form prism group 1 and does not undergo the folding direction of the propagation direction, and the human eye can normally image the ambient light through the free-form prism group 1 (equivalent to wearing a certain Thick flat glasses).
  • the free-form prism group 1 can have good dimensional expansion, for example, it can be square Expanding to the desired size range without being constrained by the MD size, the free-form prism set is expanded to be easily cut into a shape desired by the user, for example, a lens similar to normal corrected vision.
  • the free-form prism group 1A needs to include at least a free-form surface principal prism 10A for imaging and a free-form surface auxiliary prism 20A for compensation, each of which includes at least 2 An optically effective surface and other auxiliary surfaces enclose the body.
  • the main prism has at least three optical effective surfaces 101A-103A, and the three effective optical surfaces of the main prism are used for the refraction and/or reflection of the light to realize the amplification of the image;
  • the auxiliary prism 20A is adjacent to the main prism 10A.
  • the surface 201A has a surface shape that coincides with the adjacent surface 103A of the main prism 10A.
  • the auxiliary prism 20A is formed to be an aspherical surface toward the environmental side optical surface 202A, or a spherical surface having a radius of curvature greater than 100 mm.
  • the free-form prism group 1A further includes an additional auxiliary prism 30A placed on the other side of the main prism 10A, that is, the auxiliary prism 30A and the auxiliary prism 20A are disposed on the main prism 10A. On both sides, to further compensate the optical path, achieving better imaging quality for ambient light.
  • the auxiliary prism 20A and the adjacent surfaces 201A, 103A of the main prism 10A have a uniform free-form surface shape and are bonded together by gluing; the auxiliary prism 30A has the same free curved surface as the adjacent surfaces 301A, 102A of the main prism 10A. Type and detachable assembly at predetermined intervals.
  • the optical surface 202A has been formed as a spherical surface or an aspherical surface, for the free-form surface prism group 1A of the present modification, in order to accommodate the needs of users of different visual degrees, it is preferable to not define the surface of the second optical surface 302A of the auxiliary prism 30A.
  • the second optical surface 302A and the optical surface 202A have a uniform surface shape, and for a user having a certain degree of visibility, the above-described determined dioptric power is achieved by the difference in the surface shape of the second optical surface 302A and the optical surface 202A. So that the entire free-form prism group 1A conforms to the above determined visibility.
  • the auxiliary prism 30A Due to the detachability of the auxiliary prism 30A, when the user's gaze is changed or the surface of the auxiliary prism 30A is worn improperly, the auxiliary prism 30A can be replaced, which reduces the cost and convenience of the free-form prism group 1A for adapting users of different degrees of vision. Sexuality, extending the service life.
  • each of the curved surfaces according to the modification of the present invention can also be expressed by an XY polynomial (XYP), as shown in Table 3 (to accommodate users with normal vision).
  • XYP XY polynomial
  • Example 3 to accommodate users with normal vision.
  • the free-form surface prism group has a thickness of not more than 15 mm (calculated from the outermost surface of the first auxiliary prism to the innermost surface of the second auxiliary prism along the optical axis incident on the ambient light), and the field of view FOV reaches 50 degrees or more. Accordingly, for the image light supplied from the micro display device MD, the image distortion map of the free-form prism group 1 using the modified example of the present invention on the EPD is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the free-form prism group in the modification can also achieve similar dimensional expansion, except that the outer surface of the prism group is maintained as an aspheric surface, or a spherical surface having a radius of curvature greater than 100 mm.
  • the free-form surface prism group 1/1A shown in the first embodiment and the modification can be used as an optical element of the near-eye display device.
  • a typical application mode is as a see-through near-eye display device, such as a head mounted display (HMD), which may include a free-form prism group 1/ according to the first embodiment or the modification of the present invention.
  • HMD head mounted display
  • 1A and microdisplay device MD wherein the free-form prism set 1/1A is placed in front of the user's eyes, typically a pair of free-form prism sets, one for each eye.
  • the real world scene 120 ie ambient light
  • the microdisplay device MD such as light 116
  • the user sees the image 132.
  • image 132 a portion of real scene 120, such as a grove, and an image 104 for augmented reality from a miniature display device, such as a bird that does not exist in the woods at this time, can be seen.
  • images that are not related to the real scene can be superimposed, such as replacing the birds with dolphins, so that the user can see the strange images of the dolphins flying over the trees.
  • the augmented reality image can appear as an image that is desired to be displayed to the user, such as a can of soda on the desktop, and can be extended to many other applications.
  • augmented reality image In general, users want to be able to wear HMD devices anywhere, both indoors and outdoors.
  • Various pieces of information can be obtained to determine what type of augmented reality image is appropriate and where it should be provided on the overall image. For example, the location of the user, the direction the user is looking at, and the location of the floor, walls, and perhaps furniture (when the user is indoors) can be used to determine where to place the augmented reality image in the appropriate location in the real world scene.
  • the position of the user's head can be tracked by using a combination of motion tracking techniques and an inertial measurement unit attached to the user's head, such as via augmented reality glasses, and the direction in which the user is looking can be determined.
  • Motion tracking technology uses a depth sensing camera to obtain a 3D model of the user.
  • a depth sensing camera can be used to obtain the location of the floor, walls, and other aspects of the user's environment.
  • Various corresponding sensors and controllers in the prior art may constitute various data required for sensing the above-mentioned near-eye display device of the present invention, and the controller may be a general-purpose data processing and control device such as central processing.
  • the CPU or other microprocessor or the like is placed close to the sensor to facilitate signal transmission and processing or to be connected by a cable slightly away from the free-form prism group and each sensor.
  • the micro display device MD can only increase the ambient light transmitted through the free-form prism group 1/1A, and cannot remove the light, it is affected by the brightness and display principle of the micro display device MD, which means that the display cannot be deeper.
  • the color in particular, may be difficult to achieve an enhanced display image of pure black pixels.
  • ambient light translucent or ghosting may still be felt at the human eye. (ghosted) feeling.
  • the HMD may further include an opacity filter as a simple way in the prior art to reduce the ingress of ambient light as a whole to improve the contrast of the image in a strong light environment.
  • an opacity filter as a simple way in the prior art to reduce the ingress of ambient light as a whole to improve the contrast of the image in a strong light environment.
  • a photochromic film that is matured on a conventional lens is used to reduce excessively intense ambient light, and also has a function of protecting vision.
  • the overall removal is not precise enough to accommodate a wider range of applications, and the ability to selectively remove ambient light is needed.
  • the free-form prism group 1/1A of the present invention has a planar or substantially planar surface appearance on the surface 202/202A near the environment side, it is possible to add an opacity filter, and the opacity filter 50 is attached thereto.
  • On the surface 202/202A it may be a see-through LCD panel, an electrochromic film or other device capable of acting as an opacity filter.
  • a see-through LCD panel can be obtained by removing the layers of the substrate, backlight and diffuser from a conventional LCD.
  • the LCD panel may include one or more light transmissive LCD chips that allow light to pass through the liquid crystal. For example, such a chip is used in an LCD projector.
  • Each of the various opacity filters described above can include a dense grid of pixels in which the transmittance of each pixel can be individually controlled between minimum and maximum transmittance. Although a controlled range of 0-100% transmittance is desirable, a limited range is also acceptable. As an example, a monochrome LCD panel with no more than two polarizing filters is sufficient to provide an opacity range of about 50%-80% or 90% per pixel, the highest resolution being comparable to the resolution of the LCD. At a minimum of 50%, the opacity filter will have a slightly colored appearance, which can be tolerated. The 100% transmittance represents the ideal state.
  • an "alpha" scale can be defined from 0-100%, with 0% being the lowest transmittance (most opaque) and 100% being the highest transmittance (most transparent).
  • the value "alpha” can be set for each pixel by the opacity filter control circuit.
  • the opacity of the coverage area of the augmented reality object should be open, that is, the object of the real world is obscured so that the object of the enhanced display is presented in front of the user without stray light. If the augmented reality object (virtual ground) is behind a real world object, the opacity should be off, and any color of that pixel should be turned off so that the light of the real world object enters normally.
  • the overlay can be implemented on a per pixel basis, it is possible to process a portion of the augmented reality object before the real world object, a portion of the augmented reality object behind the real world object, and a portion of the augmented reality object coincides with the real world object. .
  • the alignment or alignment of the pixels with increased opacity of the opacity filter and the augmented reality image is maintained. Alignment of pixels, for example, the pixels of the opacity filter are matched with the pixel distribution of the micro display device MD. Specifically, when the opacity filter is attached to the surface, each pixel has a micro display device. The image of the MD is uniform in size at the equivalent position, and the opacity filter is driven in synchronization with the micro display device MD.
  • the filter of the opacity filter can also accept the feedback control of the ambient light sensor exposed to the housing of the near-eye display device.
  • the opacity filter control circuit may be, for example, a CPU or other microprocessor of the near-eye display device, or may be an additional control circuit and communicate with the main CPU of the near-eye display device.
  • the filter of the opacity filter can also receive feedback control of other sensors, for example, an eye tracking sensor, a tracking camera placed in the housing of the near-eye display device can be used as an eye tracking sensor, and the camera is tracked.
  • the location can be used to identify the location of the user's eyes relative to the frame on which the HMD device is mounted.
  • eye tracking involves obtaining an image of the eye and using computer vision techniques to determine the position of the pupil within the eyelid.
  • Other eye tracking techniques can use an array of photodetectors and LEDs. Using the known mounting position of the tracking camera on the frame, the position of the eye relative to any other position fixed relative to the frame, such as the opaque filter and the freeform prism set, can be determined.
  • the enhanced display image controller can also use the feedback information of the ambient light sensor and the feedback information of the eye tracking sensor, and is used for controlling the enhanced display image, for example, the brightness of the driving micro display device MD is adjusted according to the feedback information described above. .
  • the opacity filter In the absence of an augmented reality image, the opacity filter is placed in a transparent state to provide a display of ambient light transmission. And when the opacity filter can also be driven asynchronously with the micro display device MD, for example, when all the blocks are blocked from entering the free-form prism group 1/1A, only the image light of the micro display device MD is utilized, the present invention
  • the near-eye display device realizes a non-transmissive HMD, that is, a virtual display HMD.
  • the free-form surface prism group of the present invention and the near-eye display device using the same, after the effective optical surface design of the main prism is completed, it is no longer necessary to separately design the compensation prism, which is difficult to reduce the surface design, since the free-form prism group is entirely on the outer side. Both surfaces maintain a flat or nearly planar shape, which can be extended when applying protection and attaching external components, without increasing the overall thickness of the free-form prism group, which is beneficial to the safety and durability of the entire prism group. .
  • the opacity filter in the near-eye display device can realize the filter control of the pixel level, which can effectively reduce the influence of the ambient light on the enhanced display image, and make the image fusion more accurate and true.

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Abstract

一种具有平整外表面的自由曲面棱镜组（1），至少包括一主棱镜（10）和一辅棱镜（20,30），其中主棱镜（10）用以完成主要的光线折/反射功能，以使像源图像得到预设的放大率，辅棱镜（20,30）用以贴合或者靠近主棱镜（10），以使主棱镜（10）的光学面满足对光线折/反射的物理条件，辅棱镜（20,30）与主棱镜（10）相邻的表面（201,301）无需单独设计，且最外侧表面（202,302）为非自由曲面的面型，便于进行保护性处理和贴合额外的光控制层，可以有效的保护主棱镜（10），使主棱镜（10）的光学性能稳定，整体棱镜组（1）的耐用性提升。

Description

一种自由曲面棱镜组及使用其的近眼显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自由曲面棱镜组以及使用其的近眼显示装置，特别的涉及一种具有平整外表面的自由曲面棱镜组，只需要设计主棱镜，即可具备良好的光学性能并利于各种工艺处理。
背景技术
虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)和增强现实(augmented reality，AR)的概念提出以来，基于VR或者AR模式的头戴式图像显示装置取得了长足的发展，近年来出现了消费级的产品，诸如Samsung gear VR，Sony PSVR，Epson BT300，Microsoft Hololens等等，由于这些头戴式显示装置在使用时需要佩戴于观察者头部，因此紧凑和轻量化一直是业内的不懈追求，以减轻观察者的负载，提高可使用性。
经过设计的自由曲面光学元件是实现VR或者AR应用的一种可行性光学方案，自由曲面的面型由于增加了更多的自由度，可以更好的控制像差并得到更好的像质，同时可以减轻光学元件的重量并缩小体积。在工艺方面，例如，可以采用注塑工艺制造诸如由PMMA等树脂材料的自由曲面棱镜，利于批量生产以降低成本。但是，树脂材料通常在耐磨性方面无法与玻璃相比，特别是适应普通消费者长期使用过程中或者在相对复杂的工业环境下，需要对光学元件进行必要的诸如硬化处理等措施以保护，从而提高元件的稳定性和耐磨度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种无需额外附加保护片，稳定性、耐磨性好的自由曲面棱镜组，以及使用其的近眼显示装置，至少包括主棱镜和辅棱镜，主棱镜用以实现主要的折/反射光线功能，辅棱镜用以补偿光路以及提供相对平整的表面，以便于提高稳定性和耐磨度等的工艺处理。
根据本发明的一种自由曲面棱镜组，至少包括主棱镜和第一辅棱镜，其中，主棱镜和第一辅棱镜相邻设置，主棱镜与第一辅棱镜的相邻表面(103，201)具有一致的自由曲面面型；
其中所述主棱镜与第一辅棱镜相邻的表面上具有预定分光比的分光层；
所述第一辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面(202)，所述相对表面为平面、非球面
或曲率半径大于100mm的球面。
进一步的，还包括第二辅棱镜(30)，所述第二辅棱镜与所述主棱镜相邻设置，主棱镜与第二辅棱镜的相邻表面(102，301)具有一致的自由曲面面型。
第一辅棱镜与主棱镜的相邻表面通过胶合实现固定；所述第二辅棱镜与主棱镜的相邻表面之间具有预定的间隙，间隙值不超过1mm。
优选的，第二辅棱镜与所述主棱镜以可拆卸的方式实现固定。
第二辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面，所述第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面具有一致的面型，使得环境光通过依次通过第一辅棱镜、主棱镜和第二辅棱镜后不发生方向变化。或者，所述第二辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面，所述第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面具有不一致的面型，以使得所述自由曲面棱镜组对环境光具有预定的视度。
第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面上均镀有硬化膜和增透膜。
作为一种适用于本发明的缩小厚度的方式，第一辅棱镜和第二辅棱镜的不与所述主棱镜相邻的表面在沿光轴的方向上不超出主棱镜的外缘，从而使整个自由曲面棱镜组在光轴方向上的最大厚度由主棱镜在此方向上的最大外缘厚度决定。这样，最大厚度可不超过15mm。
主棱镜还可以包括拓展的边缘区域，边缘区域被定义为超出具有分光层的自由曲面面型的区域，拓展的边缘区域的面型具有非自由曲面的面型，并且从自由曲面的面型到非自由曲面的面型之间通过平滑过渡实现。
本发明还涉及一种使用了本发明自由曲面棱镜组的近眼显示装置，进一步包括微型显示器件，微型显示器件置于主棱镜的第一光学表面上方，微型显示器件发出的图像光经由主棱镜的第一光学表面入射进入主棱镜。
不透明度滤光器可附接于所述自由曲面棱镜组的所述第一辅棱镜与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面，所述不透明度滤光器连接至控制器，与所述微型显示器件实现同步的控制。
根据发明的自由曲面棱镜组，主棱镜采用树脂材料以高精密度注塑成型，补偿用辅棱镜无需进行单独设计，减轻面型复杂度和设计难度；由于自由曲面棱镜组整体对外侧的两表面均保持平面或者近似于平面的面型，用作在近眼显示装置中的光学元件时，施加保护和附接外部器件时均具有良好的拓展性，附接的不透明度滤光器能够实现像素级的滤光控制，可以有效减少了环境光对增强显示图像的影响，使图像融合更加准确和真实。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明一实施例的自由曲面棱镜组截面图。
图2为图1所示自由曲面棱镜组中的主棱镜截面图。
图3为图1所示的自由曲面棱镜组的成像畸变示意图。
图4(a)和(b)为根据本发明一实施例的自由曲面棱镜组附加视度镜片后的截面图
图4(c)根据图1的自由曲面棱镜组拓展尺寸后沿光轴的水平截面图
图5为本发明的变形例的自由曲面棱镜组截面图。
图6为图5所示的自由曲面棱镜组的成像畸变示意图。
图7为使用本发明各自由曲面棱镜组的近眼显示装置示意图。
具体实施例
以下对本发明示例性实施例进行详细的描述以解释本发明，其示例表示在附图中，其中，相同的标号始终表示相同部件。除非有明确的表示，本领域技术人员应当理解的，第一、第二等词汇仅理解为区分不同的部件，而不包含顺序的限定性作用，并且，在不同的实施例中，同样被称为第一部分的部件结构也可以是不相同的。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，如图1所示，自由曲面棱镜组1至少需要包括成像用的自由曲面主棱镜10和补偿用的自由曲面辅棱镜20，每一自由曲面棱镜包括至少2个光学有效表面以及其他辅助表面以围成体形态。其中主棱镜至少具有三个光学有效表面，利用主棱镜的三个有效光学表面对光线的折射和/或反射作用，实现对图像的放大作用。
在本实施例中，如图2所示，主棱镜10的第一光学表面101具有自由曲面的面型，面对微型显示器件MD设置，由微型显示器件MD发出的图像光经由第一光学表面101折射进入主棱镜10内，在主棱镜10内向主棱镜10的第二光学表面102传播，第一次到达第二光学表面102时，图像光在主棱镜10的表面102上发生全内反射，反射光至主棱镜10的第三光学表面103上再次被反射，经主棱镜10的表面102透射，到达出瞳位置EPD；其中第二光学表面102和第三光学表面103也均为自由曲面的面型，第二光学表面102的面型需满足使第一次到达其的图像光实现全内反射的条件，而第三光学表面103上设置有分光层，例如半反半透膜或者其他透反射比的分光膜，使图像光入射到主棱镜10的表面103时能够被反射回主棱镜10的内部，分光膜的分光比可以根据微型显示器件的发光亮度进行选择，以确保微型显示器件MD的图像光尽可能被有效利用，并与外界环境光的强度达到平衡，以获得良好的增强现实图像对比度。主棱镜10作为本发明的自由曲面棱镜组1中对微型显示器件MD成像(放大虚像)的主要光学元件，利用主棱镜10的第二光学表面和第三光学表面的曲率，对微型显示器 件MD上显示的图像进行放大，从第三光学表面103透出的图像光将不再进入人眼，作为光能损失，对成像无贡献。即，微型显示器件MD的图像光通过主棱镜10被重聚焦，使人眼处看到的来自微型显示器件MD的图像看上去像是从离眼睛几英尺远的地方发出的而不是从约一英寸远的地方(该微型显示器件MD实际所在的位置)发出的。
本领域技术人员可以理解的，图2所示的采用三自由曲面的面型围绕而构成主棱镜10提高了主棱镜的放大能力和对图像像差的矫正能力，是优选方式，但不限于此的，主棱镜的三个有效光学表面也可以分别形成为不同的面型类型，例如，仅保留第三光学表面103为自由曲面的面型，而在第一光学表面和第二光学表面选择其他的利于制造的面型，如在第一光学表面或第二光学表面使用球面或者非球面的面型，只要第二光学表面102的面型需满足使第一次到达其的图像光实现全内反射的条件即可。球面或者非球面的面型有利于制造并降低成本，但球面或非球面对图像光放大时的像差矫正能力显著的低于自由曲面的表面，因此，保持第三光学表面103为自由曲面的表面类型尤为重要。
基于主棱镜的各有效光学表面的聚焦性作用以及主棱镜上下厚度的不一致性，环境光直接透过主棱镜进入人眼会造成环境光成像的变形，因此需要设置辅棱镜。辅棱镜20置于主棱镜10的一侧，在本实施方式中，如图1所示的，辅棱镜20置于主棱镜10的外侧，即靠近环境的一侧，辅棱镜20与主棱镜10相邻的第一表面201为光学表面，具有与主棱镜的第三光学表面103一致的面型，且与主棱镜的第三光学表面103紧密贴合，例如，通过胶合方式固定在一起。辅棱镜20面向环境的第二表面202也为光学表面，用以透射环境光进入辅棱镜20以及主棱镜10。第二表面202由于面向环境一侧，优选的，第二表面为平面，以便于进行保护性的工艺处理，例如涂覆保护性膜层，而且，由于微型显示器件MD发出的图像光进入辅棱镜20并不被用于成像，因此，辅棱镜20的材料可以与主棱镜不相同，诸如，辅棱镜可以不使用利于减小光学像差的专用材料，以减小制造难度，并有效降低成本，但辅棱镜与主棱镜使用同样的材料也是可行的。为便于安装和定位，主棱镜10上可以设置诸如定位槽之类的定位结构，定位结构可以与辅棱镜20的外形相配合，或者与辅棱镜20的第一表面201上的定位结构相配合，从而方便的确定辅棱镜20和主棱镜10的相对位置，使完成胶合后的主棱镜10和辅棱镜20表面对准精度高，对环境光可以具备良好的成像质量。
进一步的，本发明的上述实施方式中还可以包括另外的辅棱镜30，如图1和图2所示，辅棱镜30置于主棱镜10的另外一侧，即辅棱镜30和辅棱镜20分置于主棱镜10的两侧，辅棱镜30作为进一步对光路的另一侧补偿。辅棱镜30靠近主棱镜10的第一表面301为光学表面，具有与主棱镜的第二光学表面102一致的面型，且与主棱镜的第二光学表面102之间具 有预定的间隔，间隔值可以在不大于1mm的范围内。作为一种便于实现的结构，间隙值依靠预定厚度的隔圈来确定，或者，以具有固定长度的卡和柱和与之配合位置的卡和槽确定，卡和柱可以设置在辅棱镜30或者主棱镜10上，相应的，卡和槽设置在主棱镜10或者辅棱镜30上。卡和柱和卡和槽可以制造棱镜时一体形成，也可以采用附加的方式，例如粘合，附接至棱镜表面。
辅棱镜30具有另外的光学表面302，在主棱镜10的相对侧，靠近该自由曲面棱镜组的出瞳EPD(人眼位置)，要实现对环境光不引入视度的自由曲面棱镜组，辅棱镜30的光学表面302具有与辅棱镜20面向环境侧的光学表面202具有一致的面型，在本实施例中，辅棱镜30的光学表面302也为平面。由于微型显示器件MD发出的图像光在透出主棱镜10后进一步透射通过辅棱镜30，辅棱镜30可以作为进一步用于矫正像差，其优选的采用可以与主棱镜一致的光学材料，并且，辅棱镜30可以在垂直于光轴方向上不延伸覆盖所有光学表面202的高度，而只覆盖出射光线的有效通光孔径范围以内。由于光学表面202的面型在远离光轴的位置倾向于具有向EPD位置的倾斜，采用部分覆盖方式的辅棱镜30能够有效减轻自由曲面棱镜组1的整体厚度和体积。作为保护性的示例，所述辅棱镜20的表面202与所述辅棱镜30的表面302上均镀有硬化膜和增透膜。
作为一种可以达到最小化厚度的优选方式，如图1所示的，辅棱镜20和辅棱镜30的表面202、表面302的面型在沿光轴的方向上，不超出经过设计的主棱镜10的外缘，从而使整个自由曲面棱镜组1在光轴方向上的最大厚度由主棱镜在此方向上的最大外缘厚度决定，根据主棱镜10适配不同尺寸的微型显示器件MD，主棱镜10的最大外外缘厚度将随之发生变化，例如，适配较小尺寸的微型显示器件MD时，主棱镜在沿光轴方向上的最大外缘厚度可以被有效控制，而当适配稍大尺寸的微型显示器件MD时，主棱镜在沿光轴方向上的最大外缘厚度可以适当扩展，即主棱镜在沿光轴方向上的最大外缘厚度与其需要适配的微型显示器件MD想适配，对微型显示器件MD而言，有效的最大外缘厚度与微型显示器件MD的尺寸成正比。
根据本发明的上述实施例，各自由曲面表面可以通过XY多项式曲面(XY polynomial，简称XYP)来表述，描述方程如下：
Figure PCTCN2017113080-appb-000001
其中c为曲面曲率半径，k为圆锥常数，Ci为多项式系数。
根据本发明的第一实施例，从环境一侧到人眼一侧，依次排列着第一辅棱镜20、主棱镜 10和第二辅棱镜30，各自由曲面棱镜使用高精密度光学树脂模压成型，其中第一辅助棱镜20与主棱镜通过胶合粘结构成一体，第二辅助棱镜30与主棱镜10具有0.5mm的空气间隔,整个棱镜组具有不超过15mm的厚度,整体视场角FOV可以达到50度以上。由于表面201与表面301具有与主棱镜的表面103、102一致的面型，表面202和表面302位平面，表1中所示的本发明第一实施例的各表面面型中将省略对表面201,202,301,302的描述，相应的，对于微型显示器件MD提供的图像光，使用本发明第一实施例的自由曲面棱镜组1在EPD上的图像畸变参考如图3所示。
表1
表面 曲率半径
302,202 平面(∞)
102，301 -130.534623433003
103，201 -44.9621213993141
101 -18.4176668625078
MD 平面
表2
  表面103 表面101
X 0 0
Y 0 0
X2 -0.00536 0.058254
XY 0 0
Y2 6.24E-05 8.23E-04
X3 0 0
X2Y 4.49E-05 9.97E-04
XY2 0 0
Y3 -0.00025 0.000159
X4 -5.02E-06 -3.03E-04
X3Y 0 0
X2Y2 -1.20E-06 6.18E-04
XY3 0 0
Y4 2.42E-05 -1.57E-04
X5 0 0
X4Y -1.03E-06 -8.79E-05
X3Y2 0 0
X2Y3 3.24E-07 4.40E-05
XY4 0 0
Y5 -1.10E-06 1.61E-04
X6 -2.21E-08 1.78E-05
X5Y 0 0
X4Y2 -1.66E-07 3.66E-05
X3Y3 0 0
X2Y4 -8.13E-08 6.15E-05
XY5 0 0
Y6 7.61E-08 -7.74E-06
X7 0 0
X6Y -7.00E-09 1.21E-06
X5Y2 0 0
X4Y3 3.73E-08 1.08E-06
X3Y4 0 0
X2Y5 -4.08E-08 -4.94E-06
XY6 0 0
Y7 5.84E-09 -8.97E-06
X8 4.19E-10 -9.55E-08
X7Y 0 0
X6Y2 2.83E-09 -1.63E-06
X5Y3 0 0
X4Y4 -2.53E-09 -1.86E-06
X3Y5 0 0
X2Y6 6.28E-09 -1.09E-06
XY7 0 0
Y8 -1.88E-09 1.03E-06
X9 0 0
X8Y 7.30E-11 -8.44E-08
X7Y2 0 0
X6Y3 -2.85E-10 1.09E-07
X5Y4 0 0
X4Y5 2.19E-10 -4.56E-09
X3Y6 0 0
X2Y7 -3.38E-10 3.83E-07
XY8 0 0
Y9 5.04E-11 1.50E-07
X10 -2.57E-12 -1.82E-10
X9Y 0 0
X8Y2 -9.01E-12 4.05E-08
X7Y3 0 0
X6Y4 1.95E-12 2.25E-10
X5Y5 0 0
X4Y6 1.03E-11 6.35E-08
X3Y7 0 0
X2Y8 -1.04E-11 -4.96E-08
XY9 0 0
Y10 6.81E-12 -2.42E-08
根据本发明的第一实施例，自由曲面棱镜组1由于朝向环境一侧的表面和朝向出瞳一侧的表面均为平面，对透射的环境光无视度矫正作用，对于需要矫正视力的用户而言，需要附接普通用于矫正视力的镜片，如图4(a)所示。将用于矫正视力的镜片40置于第二辅棱镜30的一侧，靠近出瞳EPD的位置，与主棱镜10相对侧。矫正视力的镜片40可以通过额外的固定装置，诸如镜框和镜腿(未图示)，以使矫正视力的镜片40可以稳定置于用户眼前，或者，矫正视力的镜片40(通常需要两片针对左右眼)可以形成为像偏光夹片的外形，通过夹片两侧的卡合扣附接在已经组装成一整体的自由曲面棱镜组1上。
如果矫正视力的镜片40的一侧表面可以形成为平面，则具备通过胶合附接至第二辅棱镜的第二光学表面302的可能，从而实现更加稳定的固定。但胶合后适配的灵活度将下降，不利于不同视度的用户使用，也引入工艺步骤的复杂，因此本领域技术人员可以理解的，根据本发明的上述实施例，矫正视力的镜片40和辅棱镜30可以整体形成，如图4(b)所示，从而使具有视度调节作用的辅棱镜30与主棱镜10之间以预定的间隔可拆卸的装配，此时辅棱镜30的表面302具有与辅棱镜20的表面202不一致的面型，从而使辅棱镜具备额外的视度矫正功能，满足不同视度的用户的需求。
鉴于第一实施例中的自由曲面棱镜组1具有平坦的外表面202和302，这样的自由曲面棱镜组具有良好的尺寸拓展性，例如，主棱镜10因其需要满足对MD显示的图像进行有效且无畸变的放大的要求，要求其具有弯曲的前后表面102,103，具有曲率的前后表面102,103将影响主棱镜的外形不能过大拓展至希望的范围(例如受与MD尺寸相匹配的限制，不容易拓展到大致等于普通矫正眼镜片的尺寸，约70mm直径)，因为沿曲率拓展边缘将导致对MD显示的图像的放大产生变形，以及拓展的边缘将影响补偿用辅棱镜的面型和能够被填充以实现补偿的主棱镜外的空间。当自由曲面棱镜组1如第一实施例一般具有平坦的外表面202和302时，参考图4c的沿光轴的水平截面图，主棱镜10在中央进行图像放大有效部分可以具有如上述描述的自由曲面面型(FFS区)，并在此面型范围内在面103上施加分光层，而在超出此的边缘区域，则可以进行方便的拓展，对称设置的，例如主棱镜10在拓展区域的面型变为具有非自由曲面的面型，例如球面、非球面或者平面(S/AS/FL)，从自由曲面的面型到非自由曲面的面型之间优选的通过平滑过渡实现(平滑过渡面SS区)，相应的，辅棱镜20和30与主棱镜相邻的表面可以与主棱镜10的前后表面102,103的面型变化保持匹配一致，从而使整体自由曲面棱镜组1依然保有平坦的外表面202,302，环境光通过自由曲面棱镜组1不会发生传播方向的折转，人眼透过自由曲面棱镜组1可以正常对环境光成像(相当于佩戴了具有一定厚度平光眼镜片)。此时，自由曲面棱镜组1可以具有良好的尺寸拓展性，例如，可以方 便的拓展到希望的尺寸范围，而不受MD尺寸的约束，自由曲面棱镜组的尺寸得到拓展后可以方便的切割成为用户希望的外形，例如，类似普通矫正视力的镜片。
[变形例]
如图5所示，根据本发明的另一种实施方式，自由曲面棱镜组1A至少需要包括成像用的自由曲面主棱镜10A和补偿用的自由曲面辅棱镜20A，每一自由曲面棱镜包括至少2个光学有效表面以及其他辅助表面以围成体形态。其中主棱镜上至少具有三个光学有效表面101A-103A，利用主棱镜的三个有效光学表面对光线的折射和/或反射作用，实现对图像的放大作用；辅棱镜20A与主棱镜10A相邻的表面201A具有与主棱镜10A的相邻表面103A一致的面型。与第一实施方式不同的，辅棱镜20A朝向环境侧的光学表面202A形成为非球面，或者曲率半径大于100mm的球面。
与第一实施例类似的，自由曲面棱镜组1A还包括了另外的辅棱镜30A，辅棱镜30A置于主棱镜10A的另外一侧，即辅棱镜30A和辅棱镜20A分置于主棱镜10A的两侧，以进一步对光路进行补偿，对环境光实现更好的成像质量。辅棱镜20A与主棱镜10A的相邻表面201A，103A具有一致的自由曲面面型并通过胶合粘结在一起；辅棱镜30A与主棱镜10A的相邻表面301A，102A同样具有一致的自由曲面面型，并以预定间隔实现可拆卸的装配。
由于光学表面202A已经形成为球面或者非球面，对于本变形例的自由曲面棱镜组1A而言，为适应不同视度用户的需求，优选的，不限定辅棱镜30A的第二光学表面302A的面型，从而便于在确定用户视度需求后，对第二光学表面302A进行进一步的加工，从而实现客制化的辅棱镜30A，以作为满足用户视度需求的自由曲面棱镜组1A；对于视度正常的用户，第二光学表面302A与光学表面202A具有一致的面型，对于具有确定视度的用户，通过第二光学表面302A的面型与光学表面202A的面型差异实现上述确定的视度，以使整个自由曲面棱镜组1A符合上述确定的视度。由于辅棱镜30A的可拆卸性，当用户视度改变或者辅棱镜30A出现使用不当的表面磨损时，更换辅棱镜30A即可，降低了自由曲面棱镜组1A适配不同视度用户的成本和便捷性，延长了使用寿命。
与第一实施例类似的，根据本发明变形例的各自由曲面表面也可以通过XY多项式曲面(XY polynomial，简称XYP)来表述，如表3所示出的(以适应视度正常的用户为例)，其中，第二辅助棱镜30A与主棱镜10A之间具有0.4mm的空气间隔。自由曲面棱镜组具有不超过15mm的厚度(沿环境光入射的光轴计算，从第一辅棱镜的最外侧表面到第二辅棱镜的最内侧表面)，视场角FOV达到50度以上。相应的，对于微型显示器件MD提供的图像光，使用本发明变形例的自由曲面棱镜组1在EPD上的图像畸变图参考如图6所示。
与第一实施例类似，变形例中的自由曲面棱镜组也可以实现类似的尺寸拓展，只是在棱镜组的外表面维持为非球面，或者曲率半径大于100mm的球面。
表3
表面 曲率半径
302A,202A -300，-80，-150，-250或-500任一
102A，301A -110.0294863
103A，201A -27.5533493
101A 22.17088364
MD 平面
表4
  表面103A 表面101A
X 0 0
Y 0 0
X2 0.007597 -0.01624
XY 0 0
Y2 0.008138 0.218469
X3 0 0
X2Y 5.67E-05 0.00457
XY2 0 0
Y3 1.77E-05 0.030221
X4 5.74E-06 -0.00063
X3Y 0 0
X2Y2 1.74E-05 -0.00142
XY3 0 0
Y4 -1.69E-06 0.001379
X5 0 0
X4Y 3.92E-08 -0.00033
X3Y2 0 0
X2Y3 9.83E-07 -0.00043
XY4 0 0
Y5 1.76E-07 -1.09E-05
X6 -1.66E-08 4.19E-06
X5Y 0 0
X4Y2 -3.60E-07 -5.99E-05
X3Y3 0 0
X2Y4 -4.00E-07 -3.21E-05
XY5 0 0
Y6 2.81E-07 -5.79E-07
X7 0 0
X6Y -4.87E-09 2.09E-06
X5Y2 0 0
X4Y3 -1.60E-08 -5.22E-06
X3Y4 0 0
X2Y5 -1.46E-08 7.02E-07
XY6 0 0
Y7 -4.47E-09 3.18E-07
X8 5.60E-10 -1.09E-08
X7Y 0 0
X6Y2 3.50E-09 2.77E-07
X5Y3 0 0
X4Y4 1.25E-08 -2.40E-07
X3Y5 0 0
X2Y6 2.26E-09 1.90E-07
XY7 0 0
Y8 -6.03E-09 7.84E-09
X9 0 0
X8Y 3.09E-11 -5.33E-09
X7Y2 0 0
X6Y3 8.49E-11 1.77E-08
X5Y4 0 0
X4Y5 1.53E-10 -6.81E-09
X3Y6 0 0
X2Y7 7.69E-11 7.04E-09
XY8 0 0
Y9 2.85E-11 -1.10E-09
X10 -3.36E-12 -1.56E-11
X9Y 0 0
X8Y2 -9.91E-12 -2.88E-10
X7Y3 0 0
X6Y4 -7.39E-11 5.08E-10
X5Y5 0 0
X4Y6 -7.65E-11 -1.49E-10
X3Y7 0 0
X2Y8 1.03E-11 4.54E-11
XY9 0 0
Y10 3.95E-11 -4.27E-11
[近眼显示装置]
根据本发明另一方面，第一实施例和变形例中所示的自由曲面棱镜组1/1A均可用作近眼显示装置的光学元件。如图7所示，一种典型的应用方式为用作透视式近眼显示装置，诸如头戴式显示器(HMD)，该HMD可包括本发明第一实施例或者变形例的自由曲面棱镜组1/1A和微型显示器件MD，其中自由曲面棱镜组1/1A放置于用户眼睛的前方，通常，提供一对自由曲面棱镜组，每只眼睛一个。由于自由曲面棱镜组1/1A中分光层的作用，来自现实世界场景120的光(即环境光)，比如光线114，与来自微型显示器件MD的光，如光线116，在用户眼睛处融合，从而使用户看到图像132。在图像132中，可以看到现实场景120的一部分，比如一个小树林，以及来自微型显示器件的用于增强现实的图像104，比如此时并不存在于树林中的飞鸟。在这个面向娱乐的示例中，可以叠加与现实场景不相关的图像，比如以海豚代替飞鸟，从而使用户看到海豚飞跃了树木的奇特图像。在面向广告的示例中，该增强现实的图像可以显现为希望展示给用户的影像，比如在桌面上的一罐汽水，以及，还可以拓展至许多其他的应用。
一般而言，用户希望能够在任何地方佩戴HMD设备，包括在户内和户外。可以得到各种信息片断以确定什么类型的增强现实图像是恰当的以及它应当被提供在整体图像上的什么地方。例如，用户的位置、用户在看的方向、以及地板、墙壁、或许还有家具(当用户在室内时)的位置可用于决定将该增强现实图像放在现实世界场景中的恰当位置的何处。可以通过使用运动跟踪技术和依附于用户头部的惯性测量单元(比如经由增强现实眼镜)的结合来跟踪用户的头部的位置，可以确定用户在看的方向。运动跟踪技术使用深度传感相机来获得用户的3D模型。类似地，可以使用深度传感相机来获得地板、墙壁和用户环境的其他方面的位置。现有技术中的各种相应的传感器和控制器均可构成用于传感本发明上述近眼显示装置所需的得到的各项数据，控制器可以是通用的数据处理和控制器件，比如中央处理器CPU或者其他微处理器等，置于靠近传感器的位置以利于信号传输和处理或者通过线缆连接在略远离自由曲面棱镜组和各传感器的位置。
本质上，由于微型显示器件MD只能对透过自由曲面棱镜组1/1A的环境光进行增加，而不能除去光，受微型显示器件MD的亮度和显示原理等影响，这意味着不能显示更深的色彩，特别是，可能难以实现纯黑像素的增强显示图像，当暗色的增强现实图像被希望叠加至环境光时，在人眼处依然可以感觉到环境光透过(translucent)或造成重影(ghosted)感。对于强烈的增强现实或其他混合现实情形，期望具有从视图中除去环境光的能力，从而增强显示的影像可以表示全范围的色彩和亮度，同时使得影像看上去更实在或真实。为了实现这个目标， HMD可进一步包括有不透明度滤光器，作为一种现有技术中简单的方式，整体上减少环境光的进入可以在强光环境下提高图像的对比度。例如使用在普通镜片上成熟使用的光致变色的膜层来削减过于强烈的环境光，同时也具有保护视力的作用。但是整体的去除是不够精确的，难以适应更为广泛的应用，选择性的去除环境光的能力是需要的。
由于本发明的自由曲面棱镜组1/1A在靠近环境一侧的表面202/202A具有平面或者大致平面的面型外观，使添加不透明度滤光器成为可能，不透明度滤光器50附接在表面202/202A上，可以是透视的LCD面板、电致变色膜(electrochromic film)或能够充当不透明度滤光器的其他设备。通过从传统LCD中除去基板、背光和漫射器的各层，可以得到这种透视LCD面板。LCD面板可包括一个或更多个透光LCD芯片，透光LCD芯片允许光受控的穿过液晶。例如，在LCD投影仪中使用了这种芯片。上述各种不透明度滤光器均可包括致密的像素网格，其中每个像素的透光率能够在最小和最大透光率之间被单独控制。尽管0-100％的透光率受控范围是理想的，然而有限的范围也是可以接受的。作为示例，具有不超过两个偏振滤光器的单色LCD面板足以提供每像素约50％-80％或90％的不透光度范围，最高分辨率与该LCD的分辨率相当。在50％的最小值处，不透明度滤光器可能将具有稍带色彩的外观，这是可以容忍的。100％的透光率代表理想的状态。在实际控制中，可以从0-100％中限定一个“alpha”尺度，其中0％是最低透光率(最不透明)而100％是最高透光率(最透明)。通过不透明度滤光器控制电路可以针对每个像素设定该值“alpha”。
当为增强现实显示而渲染场景时，需要注意哪些现实世界物体在哪些增强现实物体前面。如果增强现实物体在现实世界物体前面，那么对于该增强现实物体的覆盖区域不透明应当是开启的，即遮挡现实世界的物体从而使增强显示的物体无杂光的呈现在用户面前。如果增强现实物体(虚拟地)在现实世界物体后面，那么不透明应当是关闭的，那个像素的任何色彩也应当是关闭的，以使现实世界的物体光线正常进入。由于覆盖可以实现以每个像素为基础，因此，可处理增强现实物体的一部分在现实世界物体之前、增强现实物体的一部分在现实世界物体后面以及增强现实物体的一部分与现实世界物体相重合的情况。为了使得该增强现实图像看上去更稳定，该不透明度滤光器的不透光度增加的像素和该增强现实图像的对准或对齐被保持。像素的对准性例如，不透明度滤光器的像素与微型显示器件MD的像素分布匹配，具体的，可以实现为不透明度滤光器贴合在表面上时，每个像素具有与微型显示器件MD的图像在等效位置上一致的大小，以及，不透明度滤光器与微型显示器件MD被同步的驱动。
不透明度滤光器的滤光度还可以接受暴露于近眼显示装置外壳的环境光传感器的反馈性控制，当环境光传感器过强时，对于即使根据微型显示器件MD上的当前增强现实图像无需减 弱的相应像素透光度值，也可以设置减小。不透明度滤光器控制电路可以例如是近眼显示装置的CPU或者其他微处理器，也可以是额外的控制电路，并与近眼显示装置的主CPU实现通信。
进一步的，不透明度滤光器的滤光度还可以接受其他传感器的反馈性控制，例如，眼动追踪传感器，置于近眼显示装置外壳内的跟踪相机可用作眼动追踪传感器，并且追踪相机的位置可用于标识用户的眼睛相对于安装HMD设备的框架的位置。一般而言，眼睛跟踪涉及获得眼睛的图像以及使用计算机视觉技术来确定瞳孔在眼眶内的位置。其他眼睛跟踪技术可以使用光电检测器和LED的阵列。使用跟踪相机在框架上的已知安装位置，可以确定眼睛相对于相对框架固定的任何其他位置(比如不透光滤光器和自由曲面棱镜组)的位置。通常，跟踪用户双眼之一的位置就足够了，因为双眼一致地移动。然而，分开跟踪每个眼睛并且针对相关联的透视透镜使用每个眼睛的位置来确定该增强现实图像的位置也是可能的。
增强显示图像控制器同样可以使用环境光传感器的反馈性信息和眼动追踪传感器的反馈性信息，并用于对增强显示图像的控制，例如，驱动微型显示器件MD的亮度根据上述反馈性信息进行调整。
在没有增强现实图像的情况下，该不透明度滤光器被设置于透明状态，以提供环境光透射的显示。并且当该不透明度滤光器也可以与微型显示器件MD不同步的驱动，例如，被设置程全部阻挡光进入自由曲面棱镜组1/1A时，只利用微型显示器件MD的图像光，本发明的近眼显示装置实现了非透射式的HMD，即虚拟显示用HMD。
根据本发明的自由曲面棱镜组和使用其的近眼显示装置，完成主棱镜的有效光学表面设计后无需再对补偿棱镜进行单独设计，对减轻面型设计难度，由于自由曲面棱镜组整体对外侧的两表面均保持平面或者近似于平面的面型，在施加保护和附接外部器件时可以具有良好的拓展性，并不增加自由曲面棱镜组的整体厚度，利于整体棱镜组的安全性和耐用性。在近眼显示装置中的不透明度滤光器能够实现像素级的滤光控制，可以有效减少了环境光对增强显示图像的影响，使图像融合更加准确和真实。
前面的对本技术的详细描述只是为了说明和描述。它不是为了详尽的解释或将本技术限制在所公开的准确的形式。鉴于上述教导，许多修改和变型都是可能的。所描述的实施例只是为了最好地说明本技术的原理以及其实际应用，从而使精通本技术的其他人在各种实施例中最佳地利用本技术，适合于特定用途的各种修改也是可以的。本技术的范围由所附的权利要求进行定义。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种自由曲面棱镜组，至少包括主棱镜(10)和第一辅棱镜(20)，其中，主棱镜和第一辅棱镜相邻设置，主棱镜与第一辅棱镜的相邻表面(103，201)具有一致的自由曲面面型；
    其中所述主棱镜与第一辅棱镜相邻的表面上具有预定分光比的分光层；
    所述第一辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面(202)，所述相对表面为平面、非球面或曲率半径大于100mm的球面。
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，进一步包括第二辅棱镜(30)，所述第二辅棱镜与所述主棱镜相邻设置，主棱镜与第二辅棱镜的相邻表面(102，301)具有一致的自由曲面面型。
  3. 一种如权利要求2所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第一辅棱镜与主棱镜的相邻表面通过胶合实现固定。
  4. 一种如权利要求2或3所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第二辅棱镜与主棱镜的相邻表面之间具有预定的间隙，间隙值不超过1mm。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第二辅棱镜与所述主棱镜以可拆卸的方式实现固定。
  6. 一种如权利要求2所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第二辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面(302)，所述第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面具有一致的面型，使得环境光通过依次通过第一辅棱镜、主棱镜和第二辅棱镜后不发生方向变化。
  7. 一种如权利要求2所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第二辅棱镜还包括与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面(302)，所述第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面具有不一致的面型，以使得所述自由曲面棱镜组对环境光具有预定的视度。
  8. 一种如权利要求6所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第二辅棱镜的相对表面与所述第一辅棱镜的相对表面上均镀有硬化膜和增透膜。
  9. 一种如权利要求4所述的自由曲面棱镜组，其特征在于，所述第一辅棱镜和第二辅棱镜的不与所述主棱镜相邻的表面(202,302)在沿光轴的方向上不超出主棱镜的外缘，从而使整个自由曲面棱镜组在光轴方向上的最大厚度由主棱镜在此方向上的最大外缘厚度决定。
  10. 一种如权利要求9所述的自由曲面棱镜组棱镜组，其特征在于，所述最大厚度不超过15mm。
  11. 一种如权利要求9所述的自由曲面棱镜组棱镜组，其特征在于，所述主棱镜包括拓展的边缘区域，所述边缘区域为超出所述具有分光层的自由曲面面型的区域，所述拓展的边缘区域的面型具有非自由曲面的面型，并且从自由曲面的面型到非自由曲面的面型之间通过平滑过渡实现。
  12. 一种使用如权利要求1-11任一自由曲面棱镜组的近眼显示装置，进一步包括微型显示器件，微型显示器件置于主棱镜的第一光学表面上方，微型显示器件发出的图像光经由主棱镜的第一光学表面入射进入主棱镜。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的近眼显示装置，其特征在于，进一步包括控制器和不透明度滤光器，所述不透明度滤光器附接于所述自由曲面棱镜组的所述第一辅棱镜与主棱镜不相邻的相对表面(202)，所述不透明度滤光器连接至控制器，与所述微型显示器件实现同步的控制。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的近眼显示装置，其特征在于，所述的自由曲面棱镜组对所述微型显示器件显示的图像放大以实现超过50度的视场角。
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