CN101374888B - 包含烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物的聚合物混合物 - Google Patents

包含烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物的聚合物混合物 Download PDF

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CN101374888B
CN101374888B CN2007800037466A CN200780003746A CN101374888B CN 101374888 B CN101374888 B CN 101374888B CN 2007800037466 A CN2007800037466 A CN 2007800037466A CN 200780003746 A CN200780003746 A CN 200780003746A CN 101374888 B CN101374888 B CN 101374888B
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W·申德勒
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Abstract

本发明涉及聚合物混合物，其包含：A)具有至少一个通式(1)-A-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(OR2)3-a的端基的烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物(A)，B)氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)，及C)通式(2)CH2＝C(R4)-C(＝O)-O-(CH2)n-SiR5 b(OR6)3-b的硅烷(C)，其中R1、R2、R4、R5、R6、A、a、b、m及n具有如权利要求1中所述的含义。

Description

包含烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物的聚合物混合物
技术领域
本发明涉及包含烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物、氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷和(甲基)丙烯酰基烷氧基硅烷的聚合物混合物，其制造方法及用途。
背景技术
具有反应性烷氧基甲硅烷基的聚合物系统早已是公知的。即使在室温下这些烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物也能在存在空气湿气的情况下相互缩合而消去烷氧基。取决于烷氧基硅烷基的含量及其结构，在此主要形成长链聚合物(热塑性塑料)、相对大网眼(weitmaschige)的三维网络(弹性体)或高度交联的系统(热固性塑料)。
该聚合物可以是具有有机骨架的烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物，例如聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、聚醚等，如EP-A-269819、EP-A-931800、WO 00/37533、US 3,971,751和DE 198 49 817中所述，以及其骨架完全或至少部分地由有机硅氧烷组成的聚合物，如WO 96/34030和US5,254,657中所述。
根据用于构成此类硅烷封端的聚合物系统的无数可能性，未交联的聚合物或含有聚合物的混合物的特性(粘度、熔点、溶解性等)以及已交联的组合物的特性(硬度、弹性、抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、耐热性等)几乎可以任意地加以调节。因此，此类硅烷封端的聚合物系统的应用可能性相应地是多种多样的。因此，它们例如用于制造弹性体、密封剂、粘合剂、弹性粘合系统、刚性和柔性泡沫、各种不同的涂料系统，或者用于压模组合物。这些产品可以任何形式加以应用，例如取决于配制品的组成而进行抹涂、喷涂、浇注、压制、刮涂等。
在应用于粘合剂和密封剂领域时，除了组合物的硬化和硫化橡胶的机械特性以外，还特别要求有效地粘结于各种不同的基材上。在此，硅烷交联的聚合物的配制品通常显示出非常好的粘着性分布。该粘着性分布在许多情况下通过添加有机官能的粘结助剂而改善或优化。此类硅烷的应用是现有技术，并且在许多专著或出版物中被述及(例如Silanes and other coupling agents，Vol 1-3，Editor：K.L.Mittal，VSP，Utrecht 1992；Silane Coupling Agents，E.P.Plueddemann 2ndEdition，Plenum Press，New York 1991)。然而，在有些情况下以及在配制品中，添加简单的粘结助剂通常是不够的。尤其是当经硬化的产品在进入湿气的情况下储存时。
EP 11 79 571 A描述了以硅烷交联的聚合物为基础的可硬化的组合物，其中使用由环氧基硅烷和氨基硅烷组成的混合物作为粘结助剂。在此，该方法在配制期间也发挥了作用。EP 997 469 A描述了新型低聚硅氧烷，其是基于对硅烷交联的系统中的粘着性结构具有积极影响的低聚氨基硅烷。此外，例如EP 12 16 263 A描述了对粘着性具有有利影响的新型硅烷结构。
发明内容
本发明涉及聚合物混合物，其包含：
A)具有至少一个通式(1)的端基的烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物(A)
-A-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(OR2)3-a    (1)，
其中，
A代表选自-O-、-S-、-(R3)N-、-O-CO-N(R3)-、-N(R3)-CO-O-、-N(R3)-CO-NH-、-NH-CO-N(R3)-、-N(R3)-CO-N(R3)-的二价连接基团，
R1代表任选被卤素取代的具有1至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基，
R2代表具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或总共具有2至10个碳原子的ω-氧杂烷基-烷基，
R3代表氢、任选被卤素取代的环形、直链或分支型的C1至C18烷基或烯基或C6至C18芳基，
a为0至2的整数，及
m为1至6的整数，
B)氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)，及
C)通式(2)的硅烷(C)
CH2＝C(R4)-C(＝O)-O-(CH2)n-SiR5 b(OR6)3-b    (2)，
其中，
R4代表氢或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基，
R5代表任选被卤素取代的具有1至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基，
R6代表具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或总共具有2至10个碳原子的ω-氧杂烷基-烷基，
n为1至6的整数，及
b为0至2的整数。
结合氨基硅烷(B)添加通式(2)的硅烷(C)显著改善通常的粘着性，这是通过仅使用单种的硅烷无法达到的。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以单组分或双组分进行配制。在双组分聚合物混合物中，优选将两种硅烷(B)和(C)添加至基本组分中。但特别优选为以单组分硬化的聚合物混合物。在制造以单组分硬化的聚合物混合物时，优选首先添加硅烷(C)，然后添加硅烷(B)。
可用的烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物(A)的主链可以是分支或非分支的。平均链长度可以按照未交联的混合物和已硬化的组合物的各种所期望的特性而任意地加以调节。它们可由不同的单元构成。它们通常是聚硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷-脲/氨基甲酸酯共聚物、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚脲、聚醚、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯基酯或聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯、聚丁二烯、乙烯-烯烃共聚物或苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物。当然还可使用由具有不同主链的聚合物组成的任意的混合物或组合。
为了制造具有通式(1)的硅烷端基的聚合物(A)，已知许多可能性，尤其是：
·在引入具有通式(1)的基团的不饱和单体的情况下的共聚合作用。此类单体的实例包括乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或对应的乙氧基甲硅烷基化合物。
·具有通式(1)的基团的不饱和单体接枝连接到热塑性塑料如聚乙烯上。此类单体的实例包括乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或对应的乙氧基甲硅烷基化合物。
·通常在铂催化作用下H-硅烷如二甲氧基甲基硅烷、二乙氧基甲基硅烷、三甲氧基甲基硅烷或三乙氧基硅烷对位于末端或链上的不饱和双键的氢化硅烷化作用。
·预聚物(A1)与一种或更多种通式(4)的有机硅烷(A2)的反应
C-B-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(OR2)3-a    (4)，
其中，
R1、R2、R3、m和a具有上述的定义，
B代表氧、氮或硫原子，及
C-B-代表对预聚物(A1)的适当官能团具有反应性的官能团。
若在此情况下预聚物(A1)本身由两种或更多种单元(A11、A12…)组成，则并非绝对需要首先由这些单元(A11、A12…)制造随后将与硅烷(A2)反应生成最终聚合物(A)的预聚物(A1)。所以在此也可以与该反应步骤相反，其中一种或更多种单元(A11、A12…)首先与硅烷(A2)反应，然后在此获得的化合物才与残余的单元(A11、A12…)反应生成最终的聚合物(A)。包含单元A11、A12的预聚物(A1)的实例是OH-、NH-或NCO-封端的聚氨基甲酸酯和聚脲，它们可由聚异氰酸酯(单元A11)和多元醇(单元A12)制造。
优选的具有通式(1)的硅烷端基的聚合物(A)为硅烷封端的聚醚和聚氨基甲酸酯，特别优选为由通式(4)的有机硅烷(A2)和预聚物(A1)制造的聚醚。
在聚合物(A)的一个优选的制造方法中，优选使用选自通式(5)的硅烷的硅烷(A2)
OCN-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(OR2)3-a    (5)，
其中，
R1、R2、R3和a具有上述的定义，及m等于1或3。
在制造聚合物(A)时，优选地选择在所有的反应步骤中引入的所有异氰酸酯基的浓度及所有异氰酸酯反应性基团的浓度以及反应条件，从而使在聚合物合成期间所有的异氰酸酯基都被反应掉。因此最终聚合物(A)优选不含异氰酸酯。
适合于制造聚合物(A)的多元醇尤其是芳族和脂族的聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇，如在文献中广泛述及。但原则上也可使用具有一个或更多个OH官能团的所有的高聚、低聚或单体醇。
R1优选为苯基或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或烯基，更优选为甲基、乙基或乙烯基。
R2优选为具有1至3个碳原子的烷基，更优选为甲基或乙基。
R3优选为氢、苯基或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或烯基，更优选为甲基、乙基或正丙基。
氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)优选具有通式(6)
R7 uR8 vSi(OR9)4-u-v    (6)，
其中，
R7代表任选被卤素取代的具有1至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基，
R8代表任选被卤素取代的、包含SiC键结的氨基的单价C1-C30烃基，
R9代表具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或者总共具有2至10个碳原子的ω-氧杂烷基-烷基，
u等于0、1或2，及
v等于1、2或3，
其条件是：u与v之和小于或等于3。
基团R7的实例和优选的实例如上述基团R1。
基团R8的实例和优选的实例如上述基团R2。
基团R8优选为通式(7)的基团
R10 2NR11-    (7)，
其中，
R10代表氢原子或任选经取代的单价C1-C10烃基或C1-C10氨基烃基，及
R11代表二价C1-C15烃基。
基团R10的实例是基团R1所给出的烃基的实例，以及被氨基取代的烃基，如氨基烷基，特别优选为氨基乙基。
基团R11的实例为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚环己基、亚十八烷基、亚苯基和亚丁烯基。基团R11优选为具有1至10个碳原子，更优选1至4个碳原子的二价烃基，特别优选为亚正丙基。
基团R8的实例为氨基丙基、氨基乙基氨基丙基、乙基氨基丙基、丁基氨基丙基、环己基氨基丙基、苯基氨基丙基、氨基甲基、氨基乙基氨基甲基、乙基氨基甲基、丁基氨基甲基、环己基氨基甲基、苯基氨基甲基。
在硅烷(C)的情况下，R4优选为甲基、乙基或正丙基。
n优选为1、2或3的数。
基团R5的实例和优选的实例如上述基团R1。
基团R6的实例和优选的实例如上述基团R2。
通式2的硅烷(C)优选为具有有机官能团的硅烷，有机官能团例如是丙烯酰氧基丙基、丙烯酰氧基甲基、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基、甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基和甲硅烷基，如三甲氧基甲硅烷基、三乙氧基甲硅烷基、二甲氧基甲基甲硅烷基、二乙氧基甲基甲硅烷基。硅烷(C)的优选的实例为甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
在根据本发明的聚合物混合物中，烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物(A)的含量优选为10至70重量％，更优选为15至50重量％，特别优选为20至40重量％。氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)的含量优选为0.1至10重量％，更优选为0.1至5重量％，特别优选为0.2至3重量％。通式(2)的硅烷(C)的含量优选为0.1至10重量％，更优选为0.5至5重量％，特别优选为1至3重量％。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以包含缩合催化剂，例如钛酸酯，如钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四丙酯、钛酸四异丙酯、四乙酰丙酮酸钛酸酯；锡化合物，如二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二辛酸二丁基锡、乙酰丙酮酸二丁基锡、氧化二丁基锡或对应的二辛基锡的化合物；
可与氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)相同的碱性催化剂，如氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和其他有机胺，如三乙胺、三丁基胺、1，4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、N，N-双(N，N-二甲基-2-氨基乙基)-甲基胺、N，N-二甲基环己基胺、N，N-二甲基苯基胺、N-乙基吗啉等；
酸性催化剂，如磷酸和/或磷酸酯、甲苯磺酸、无机酸。
优选单独使用氨基硅烷或者与二丁基锡化合物结合使用。
缩合催化剂优选以聚合物混合物的0.01至10重量％，更优选0.1至2重量％的浓度使用。
不同的催化剂可以其纯净形式以及作为混合物加以使用。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以包含填料，例如天然的经研磨的白垩、经研磨并涂覆的白垩、沉积白垩、沉积并涂覆的白垩的形式的碳酸钙，粘土矿物、膨润土、高岭土、滑石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、三水合铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、炭黑、沉积或火成二氧化硅。
填料优选以聚合物混合物的10至70重量％，更优选30至60重量％的浓度使用。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以包含水清除剂和硅烷交联剂，例如乙烯基硅烷，如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、O-甲基氨基甲酸酯基甲基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、O-甲基氨基甲酸酯基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、O-乙基氨基甲酸酯基甲基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、O-乙基氨基甲酸酯基甲基三乙氧基硅烷、一般的烷基烷氧基硅烷或者其他有机官能的硅烷。
水清除剂和硅烷交联剂优选以聚合物混合物的0.1至10重量％，更优选0.5至2重量％的浓度使用。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以包含增塑剂，例如邻苯二甲酸酯，如邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、邻苯二甲酸双十一酯，己二酸酯，如己二酸二辛酯，苯甲酸酯、二醇酯、磷酸酯、聚酯、聚醚、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚异丁烯、石蜡烃、高级分支型烃等。
增塑剂优选以聚合物混合物的最高40重量％的浓度使用。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物可以包含触变剂，例如亲水性火成二氧化硅、经涂覆的火成二氧化硅、沉积二氧化硅、聚酰胺蜡、氢化蓖麻油、硬脂酸盐或沉积白垩。上述填料也可用于调节流动特性。触变剂优选以聚合物混合物的1至5重量％的浓度使用。
根据本发明的聚合物混合物还可包含光稳定剂，例如所谓的HALS稳定剂、杀真菌剂、阻燃剂、颜料等，已知它们用于传统的烷氧基交联的单组分组合物中。
为了使未交联的聚合物混合物以及已硬化的组合物具有各种所期望的特性分布，优选使用上述添加剂。
在制造根据本发明的聚合物混合物时，优选首先制造聚合物(A)与填料的混合物，随后混入硅烷(C)，然后混入氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)。
对于根据本发明的聚合物混合物，在粘合剂、密封剂和接缝密封剂、表面涂料领域，以及在制造压模组合物和模制品方面存在无数不同的应用场合。
在此，根据本发明的聚合物混合物适合于无数不同的基材，例如矿物质基材、金属、塑料、玻璃、陶瓷等。
上述式中的所有符号均具有相互独立的含义。所有式中的硅原子均为四价。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明，在以下实施例中所有的量和百分比数据均是基于重量。
实施例
实施例1
具有亚甲基甲基二甲氧基甲硅烷基端基(α-二甲氧基)的硅烷封端的聚醚的配制
于约25℃下在装配有两个交叉臂混合器的PC-Laborsystem的实验室用行星式混合器中将293克可以STP-E10的商品名从Wacker Chemie AG获得的硅烷封端的聚醚与75克邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(Merck)和可以
Figure S2007800037466D00102
XL63的商品名(Wacker ChemieAG)获得的O-甲基氨基甲酸酯基甲基三甲氧基硅烷以200rpm混合2分钟。然后搅入68克疏水化的二氧化硅H2000(WackerChemie AG)直至均匀分散。随后引入295克白垩BLR3(Omya)并在600rpm下搅拌1分钟而将填料破碎。在引入白垩之后，将15克甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(
Figure S2007800037466D00104
GF31-WackerChemie AG)在200rpm下分散1分钟。对于实施例1a，最后将0.75克二月桂酸二丁基锡(Merck)和3.8克氨基乙基氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(
Figure S2007800037466D00105
GF91-Wacker Chemie AG)在200rpm下分散1分钟，在部分真空中(约100mbar)于600rpm下均匀化2分钟并在200rpm下均匀化1分钟，实施搅拌至该混合物不含气泡。
将配制品分装在310ml的PE筒中，并于25℃下储存一天。
实施例1b和比较例1d至1g相类似地进行制造。
在不同基材上的粘着性
用甲乙酮清洗金属；用含水的表面活性剂溶液清洗玻璃，然后用去离子水，接着用甲乙酮清洗；用乙醇清洗塑料。
随后将密封剂以珠状施加约5至7mm的厚度。在室温下储存1周之后，在水中于室温下储存4周。
储存条件
A＝室温下储存7天
B＝室温下储存7天+在水中于室温下储存2周
C＝室温下储存7天+在水中于室温下储存4周
木质试样不在水中储存，而是在空气调节箱内于50℃/100％相对湿度下储存2或4周。
评估：
+＝良好的粘着性(内聚断裂)
φ＝部分的粘着性(边缘或区域粘着)
-＝差的粘着性(粘着断裂)
实施例1a和1b-根据本发明：
Figure S2007800037466D00121
比较例-非本发明：
单独使用氨基硅烷或单独使用甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷损害了粘着性分布
实施例2
包含具有亚丙基三甲氧基甲硅烷基端基(γ-三甲氧基)的硅烷封端的聚醚的配制品
配制品的制造和根据本发明的实施例2a-b和非本发明的实施例2c的粘着性研究以与实施例1相同的方式进行。使用
Figure S2007800037466D00141
STP-E35(Wacker Chemie AG)作为所述聚合物。
Figure S2007800037466D00142

Claims (11)

1.聚合物混合物，包含：
A)具有至少一个通式(1)的端基的烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物
(A)
-A-(CH2)m-SiR1 a(OR2)3-a    (1)，
其中，
A代表选自-O-、-S-、-(R3)N-、-O-CO-N(R3)-、-N(R3)-CO-O-、-N(R3)-CO-NH-、-NH-CO-N(R3)-、-N(R3)-CO-N(R3)-的二价连接基团，
R1代表任选被卤素取代的具有1至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基，
R2代表具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或总共具有2至10个碳原子的ω-氧杂烷基-烷基，
R3代表氢、任选被卤素取代的环形、直链或分支型的C1至C18烷基或烯基或C6至C18芳基，
a为0至2的整数，及
m为1至6的整数，
B)氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)，及
C)通式(2)的硅烷(C)
CH2＝C(R4)-C(＝O)-O-(CH2)n-SiR5 b(OR6)3-b    (2)，
其中，
R4代表氢或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基，
R5代表任选被卤素取代的具有1至10个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、烯基或芳基，
R6代表具有1至6个碳原子的烷基或总共具有2至10个碳原子的ω-氧杂烷基-烷基，
n为1至6的整数，及
b为0至2的整数。
2.如权利要求1的聚合物，其中所述烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物(A)为硅烷封端的聚醚或聚氨基甲酸酯。
3.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其中m等于1。
4.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其中所述连接基团A代表-O-CO-NH-。
5.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其中n等于1。
6.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其中R4代表甲基。
7.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其中R2代表甲基或乙基。
8.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其包含锡化合物作为缩合催化剂。
9.如权利要求1或2的聚合物混合物，其包含填料。
10.用于制造如权利要求9的聚合物混合物的方法，其中首先制造聚合物(A)与填料的混合物，随后混入硅烷(C)，然后混入氨基烷基烷氧基硅烷(B)。
11.如权利要求1至9之一的聚合物混合物在粘合剂、密封剂和接缝密封剂领域中的用途。
CN2007800037466A 2006-01-26 2007-01-24 包含烷氧基硅烷封端的聚合物的聚合物混合物 Expired - Fee Related CN101374888B (zh)

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