CN101366705A - 利培酮透皮吸收贴片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利培酮透皮吸收贴片,由背衬层、保护膜、背衬层和保护膜中间的含药物的基质层组成,含药物的基质层,以重量百分比计,由65~95%聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、4~15%利培酮和1~20%促透剂组成。该贴片将利培酮通过经皮渗透途径给药,能延长药物作用时间,维持稳定的血药浓度,减少药物的副作用,使用方便,可作为治疗各种类型的精神类疾病,如精神分裂症,躁狂或痴呆等的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药剂学领域,具体涉及药物利培酮的透皮吸收贴片。
背景技术
利培酮是一种具有独特性质的选择性单胺能拮抗剂,是新一代的抗精神病类药物,主要用于治疗精神分裂症、躁狂症和痴呆症等。它与5-羟色胺能的5-HT2受体和多巴胺能的D2受体有很高的亲和力,因此能用于治疗精神紊乱,包括急性和慢性精神分裂症及其它各种精神病性状态的阳性症状(如幻觉、妄想、思维紊乱、敌视、怀疑)和阴性症状(如反应迟钝、情感淡漠、少语、社交困难),也可减轻与精神分裂症有关的情感症状(如抑郁、负罪感、焦虑)和相关的行为障碍。如今利培酮是最常用的处方类安定药。
FDA批准的利培酮剂型有普通薄膜包衣片和口腔速崩(RISPERDALM-TAB)、口服溶液剂、长效注射剂(RISPERDAL CONSTA),SFDA批准的有1mg和2mg规格片剂。精神病患者口服给药的顺应性差,病人很难按时服药,而且口服给药后血药浓度波动较大,容易引起各种副反应的发生,对精神病的治疗不利。利培酮的长效注射剂为注射用的缓释微球,采用的缓释材料为聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)。微球在注射部位逐渐降解释出药物,能在长时间内维持治疗血药浓度。一般两周给药一次,每次25mg。尽管采用利培酮的长效注射剂相对于利培酮的口服剂型,能够避免病人每天多次口服给药的不便,对于精神病的长期治疗有较好的效果。但是在起始的3周内,除了臀肌注射外,仍需要每天口服给予利培酮,以保障在微球发挥缓释作用前达到有效治疗水平。但是RISPERDAL CONSTA存在着较多的不足:给药途径为深部臀肌内注射,此外PLGA降解产物乳酸等都会引起注射部位的疼痛,还会引起血糖浓度的升高,对于糖尿病患者十分不利。虽然PLGA为生物可降解材料,但是初始会有肿块的形成,而且还可能会引起过敏反应。RISPERDAL CONSTA在使用上不仅步骤繁琐而且要求严格,储存条件苛刻,价格较口服剂型昂贵,对于大部分精神分裂症患者,难以承受长期给予RISPERDAL CONSTA。这都不利于精神分裂症的长期治疗。
贴片是常用的经皮给药制剂,使用方便,对人体无侵入性,顺应性明显优于口服和肌注,因此将利培酮制备成贴片成为利培酮药物的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利培酮透皮吸收贴片,可作为治疗精神分裂症、躁狂症和痴呆症等的药物。
一种利培酮透皮吸收贴片,由背衬层、保护膜、背衬层和保护膜中间的含药物的基质层组成,其中含药物的基质层,以重量百分比计,由65~95%聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、4~15%利培酮和1~20%促透剂组成。
所述的利培酮具有下列结构式:
分子式:C23H27FN4O2;分子量:410.48。
所述的压敏胶要求对药物利培酮惰性,选用聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶。
所述的促透剂选用饱和或不饱和脂肪酸及其酯、氮酮、醇类、亚砜、萜烯、酰胺中的一种或多种,优选十二醇、月桂氮酮、吐温20、乙醇、丙二醇、油酸、薄荷醇、肉豆蔻酰异丙酯等中的一种或多种。促透剂的作用机制包括:①作用于细胞间脂质的极性头部或者是亲脂链;②作用于角质细胞蛋白;③促进分配进入皮肤。本发明中选用的丙二醇促透剂能改变角质层对利培酮的溶解性能。十二醇、月桂氮酮、肉豆蔻酰异丙酯和油酸均属于两亲性物质,能插入角质层脂质双分子层之间,影响双分子层的流动性,提高利培酮的皮肤渗透性。
所述的背衬层选用高密度聚乙烯膜、低密度聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚氯乙烯膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物膜、聚酯膜、吡咯烷酮膜、聚乙烯醇膜、聚氨基甲酯膜、金属铝箔中的一种或前述高聚物膜与金属铝箔的复合膜中的一种。
所述的保护膜选用聚乙烯膜、聚苯乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酯膜、硅化聚酯膜、铝箔、硅化铝箔或硅纸。
贴片中的基质层作为药物库并通过它把该贴片固定在皮肤上。背衬层要求柔韧,贴在皮肤上柔软舒适,起覆盖和保护药物贮库的作用。保护膜亦起覆盖和保护药物贮库的作用,使用前应被撕去。
基质层以聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶为控释骨架材料,将聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、一定剂量的利培酮和促透剂溶解于有机溶剂中,通过溶剂挥发法使利培酮均匀分布于骨架中。可通过改变基质层中压敏胶、药物利培酮和促透剂的含量来调节贴片中利培酮的释放速度。通过考察各种组分对药物利培酮经皮渗透的影响,筛选合适的压敏胶和促透剂。
利培酮透皮吸收贴片的制备方法,采用透皮贴片领域中常规的方法。一般包括配制基质,即将压敏胶、药物和促透剂溶于有机溶剂中,把基质涂布到保护膜或背衬层上,接着干燥处理,从该基质中除去溶剂冷却后,每平方厘米的贴片中有利培酮0.1~4mg。
所述的有机溶剂为易挥发的有机溶剂,可选用醋酸乙酯。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)将利培酮通过经皮渗透途径给药,由于皮肤的控释作用,利培酮能以恒定的速率进入血液,延长药物作用时间,维持稳定的血药浓度,减少药物的副作用,而且不会产生RISPERDAL CONSTA所引起的高血糖现象;
(2)该胶粘型贴片制备工艺简单,保存和运输方便,所以生产成本比RISPERDAL CONSTA低很多,因此长期治疗消耗的费用将大大降低,能为大多数精神病患者所承受;
(4)该贴片每一贴片(20cm2)每日透过皮肤的利培酮量可达0.5~4mg左右,安全有效且使用方便。
附图说明
图1为利培酮透皮吸收贴片的剖面示意图,1为保护膜,2为含药物的基质层,3为背衬层;
图2为对比例中不同载药量的利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图3为实施例1中含不同浓度十二醇时利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图6为实施例4中含不同浓度油酸时利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图7为实施例5中含不同浓度薄荷醇时利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图8为实施例6中含不同种类促透剂时利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图9为实施例7中的含不同种类复合促透剂时利培酮贴片的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线;
图10家兔灌胃给与利培酮后的血药浓度-时间曲线;
图11家兔腹部给予利培酮贴剂后的血药浓度-时间曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下的实施例做进一步阐述。除非另有说明,所述的百分比为重量百分比。
对比例
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮30mg(或50mg,70mg,90mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的保护膜上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上背衬层。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯94.3%(或90.9%,87.7%,84.7%),利培酮5.7%(或9.1%,12.3%,15.3%)。采用改良Franz扩散池装置测定其对人离体皮肤的渗透率,接受液为20%聚乙二醇400(PEG400)生理盐水水溶液。用HPLC测定利培酮,采用Agilent1100系列色谱仪,以Dikma C18为色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),柱温40℃,流动相为甲醇:乙腈:0.1mol/L醋酸铵溶液=30:20:50,检测波长280nm,流速1.0ml·min-1。以利培酮为对照品,进样20μL后测定峰面积,外标定量。图2为该对比例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,从图中可得出药物用量由0.3mg·cm-2增加到0.7mg·cm-2,渗透速率增加了3.78倍,但是再增加到0.9mg·cm-2,则与0.7mg·cm-2相差不大。利培酮含量为5.7%、9.1%、12.3%或15.3%的贴片其渗透速率分别为0.88±0.19μg·cm-2·h-1、1.92±0.02μg·cm-2·h-1、3.09±0.10μg·cm-2·h-1、2.94±0.16μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例1
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,十二醇23mg(或35mg,48mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的保护膜上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上背衬层。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯87.3%(或85.5%,83.6%),利培酮8.7%(或8.5%,8.4%),十二醇4%(或6%,8%)。渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图3为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,十二醇含量为4%、6%或8%的贴片其渗透速率分别为3.37±0.17μg·cm-2·h-1、4.28±0.31μg·cm-2·h-1、3.41±0.30μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例2
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,月桂氮酮11.5mg(或23mg,35mg,48mg,62mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的背衬层上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上保护膜。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯89%(或87.3%,85.5%,83.6%,82%),利培酮9%(或8.7%,8.5%,8.4%,8%),月桂氮酮2%(或4%,6%,8%,10%)。渗透速率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图4为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,月桂氮酮含量为2%、4%、6%、8%或10%的贴片其渗透速率分别为2.31±0.17μg·cm-2·h-1、3.09±0.15μg·cm-2·h-1、4.27±0.25μg·cm-2·h-1、3.43±0.11μg·cm-2·h-1、6.97±0.98μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例3
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,月桂氮酮36mg,丙二醇24mg(或37mg,51mg,65mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的保护膜上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上背衬层。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯82%(或80%,78%,76.8%),利培酮8%(或8%,8%,7.7%),月桂氮酮6%(或6%,6%,5.5%),丙二醇4%(或6%,8%,10%)。渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图5为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,从图中可看出含6%月桂氮酮和丙二醇4%、6%、8%或10%的贴片其渗透速率分别为4.29±0.17μg·cm-2·h-1、5.15±0.01μg·cm-2·h-1、5.52±0.33μg·cm-2·h-1、5.24±0.15μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例4
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,油酸6mg(或11.5mg,23mg,35mg,48mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的保护膜上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上背衬层。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯90%(或89.1%,87.3%,85.5%,83.6%),利培酮9.0%(或8.9%,8.7%,8.5%,8.4%),油酸1%(或2%,4%,6%,8%)。渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图6为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,含油酸1%、2%、4%、6%或8%的贴片其渗透速率分别为3.33±0.21μg·cm-2·h-1、4.01±0.04μg·cm-2·h-1、3.64±0.47μg·cm-2·h-1、3.50±0.20μg·cm-2·h-1、3.63±0.18μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例5
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,薄荷醇23mg(或35mg,48mg,62mg),用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的背衬层上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上保护膜。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯87.3%(或85.5%,83.6%,81.7%),利培酮8.7%(或8.5%,8.4%,8.3%),薄荷醇4%(或6%,8%,10%),渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图7为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,含薄荷醇4%、6%、8%或10%的贴片其渗透速率分别为2.22±0.12μg·cm-2·h-1、2.55±0.08μg·cm-2·h-1、3.88±0.20μg·cm-2·h-1、2.89±0.04μg·cm-2·h-1。
实施例6
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶500mg,药物利培酮50mg,不同种类促透剂35mg(十二醇、月桂氮酮、油酸、薄荷醇或肉豆蔻酰异丙酯),分别用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的背衬层上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上保护膜。干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯85.5%,利培酮8.5%,促透剂6%。渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图8为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,从图中可看出不同促透剂在相同浓度,如6%时,对利培酮的促渗效果也不同。月桂氮酮和十二醇促渗效果优于其它三种,肉豆蔻酰异丙酯的促渗效果相对于其它四种教差。
实施例7
聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶400mg,药物利培酮50mg,不同复合促透剂:处方1无促透剂;处方2含6%十二醇和6%月桂氮酮;处方3含6%月桂氮酮和6%丙二醇;处方4含6%月桂氮酮、5%十二醇和8%丙二醇。分别用醋酸乙酯溶解后,涂布在100cm2的保护膜上,60℃干燥30min除去醋酸乙酯,冷却后覆盖上背衬层。处方1:干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯89%,利培酮11%;处方2:干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯78%,利培酮10%,促透剂12%;处方3:干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯78%,利培酮10%,促透剂12%;处方4:干燥后的基质层含聚丙烯酸酯72%,利培酮9%,促透剂19%。渗透率、利培酮的测定如对比例操作。图9为该实施例的药物累积渗透量-时间曲线,从图中可看出促透剂联用效果不尽相同,处方4促透剂联用后显示了较好的的协同作用,稳态渗透速率达7.73±0.43μg·cm-2·h-1。
无需进一步详细阐述,相信采用前面所公开的内容,本领域技术人员可最大限度地应用。因此,前面的优选具体实施方案应被理解为仅是举例说明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
利培酮灌胃给药和经皮贴片给药对比实验:
健康家兔6只,体重2Kg左右,随机分为两组,分别进行灌胃给药和经皮贴剂实验。家兔给药前24小时开始禁食,但水照常提供。透皮组家兔给药前一天腹部进行脱毛。灌胃给药组:将利培酮用0.1mol/L醋酸铵溶液配制2mg/mL利培酮溶液,取4.5mL用于灌胃给药。给药后分别在15min、30min、60min、1.5h、2h、4h、8h、12h、18h、24h、36h和48h从耳缘静脉取血约1ml。5000r·min-1离心5min,分离出血浆,保存于-20℃冰箱中待用。透皮给药组:将50cm2的贴剂(含利培酮25mg)贴于家兔腹部,将家兔放置于兔固定箱中。给药分别后在2h、4h、8h、12h、16h、20h、24h、32h、36h和48h时间点从耳缘静脉取血约1ml左右,置肝素化离心管中,5000r·min-1离心5min,分离血浆,于-20℃冰箱保存。其中在24h后,去除家兔腹部的贴剂。
取血浆0.5mL,置10mL具塞离心试管中,加入50μL氯氮平溶液(浓度为5μg·mL-1)为内标。与试管中加入0.2mLNaOH溶液(1mol/L),涡旋6s,加入2mL混合有机溶剂(乙酸乙酯:乙醚=1:1),密封,涡旋振荡2min混匀,再加入2mL相同的混合有机溶剂,继续涡旋2min。静置,离心10min(3000r·min-1),分取3mL有机层,挥干。精密加入100μL甲醇复溶,涡旋振荡1min混匀,HPLC定量分析。采用Agilentl100系列色谱仪,以DikmaC18为色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),柱温40℃。流动相为甲醇:乙腈:0.5%三乙胺(用冰醋酸调节pH至7.5),三者比例为60:6:34。检测波长280nm,流速1.0ml·min-1,进样20μL。
家兔灌胃给予利培酮后的平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图10,家兔给予利培酮透皮贴剂后的平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图11。由图可知,灌胃给药后血药浓度出现较大的波动,峰谷浓度相差较大,并且利培酮在体内很快被消除。而贴剂组的达峰时间延长,能在较长的一段时间内相对恒定血药浓度。贴剂的生物利用度可达90%以上。
Claims (8)
1.一种利培酮透皮吸收贴片,由背衬层、保护膜、背衬层和保护膜中间的含药物的基质层组成,其特征在于:含药物的基质层,以重量百分比计,由65~95%聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、4~15%利培酮和1~20%促透剂组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的利培酮透皮吸收贴片,其特征在于:所述的促透剂为饱和或不饱和脂肪酸及其酯、氮酮、醇类、亚砜、萜烯、酰胺中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1所述的利培酮透皮吸收贴片,其特征在于:所述的背衬层为高密度聚乙烯膜、低密度聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚氯乙烯膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物膜、聚酯膜、吡咯烷酮膜、聚乙烯醇膜、聚氨基甲酯膜、金属铝箔中的一种或前述高聚物膜与金属铝箔的复合膜中的一种。
8.如权利要求1所述的利培酮透皮吸收贴片,其特征在于:所述的保护膜为聚乙烯膜、聚苯乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酯膜、硅化聚酯膜、铝箔、硅化铝箔或硅纸。
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