CN101360958A - 模块式多功能太阳能装置 - Google Patents

模块式多功能太阳能装置 Download PDF

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CN101360958A
CN101360958A CNA2007800016239A CN200780001623A CN101360958A CN 101360958 A CN101360958 A CN 101360958A CN A2007800016239 A CNA2007800016239 A CN A2007800016239A CN 200780001623 A CN200780001623 A CN 200780001623A CN 101360958 A CN101360958 A CN 101360958A
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阿米尔卡路易斯·热罗尼莫洛佩斯
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    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
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    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
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    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
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    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
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    • E06B7/08—Louvre doors, windows or grilles
    • E06B7/084—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae
    • E06B7/086—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae interconnected for concurrent movement
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    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
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    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/38—Other details
    • E06B9/386—Details of lamellae
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    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal
    • F24S2020/183—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal in the form of louvers
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Abstract

模块式多功能太阳能装置是一种可再生能源领域的创新设计。图2中示出了该系统的原理图，该系统通过使用轻量的旋转的热或二价的光电太阳能接收器(A)从太阳光收集能量，接收器夹在容纳技术设备的支撑柱(B)之间。由于其模块式原理，该装置能够：一个简单的改进的装置可安装在暴露在太阳下的位置，其角度可以与太阳光成负角至90°；由微处理器控制的太阳能跟踪系统，其具有可选择固定或可手动调节的框架。这些特征解决了与太阳能接收器有关的传统问题，其包括：固定的位置，其被限制在特定的角度，或垂直布置，这两种以能量回收的方式是不充分的；大尺寸和大重量的收集器，其需要笨重的支撑装置；以及浪费空间。

Description

模块式多功能太阳能装置
模块式多功能太阳能装置是一种可再生能源领域的创新设计。该系统能够从太阳光收集能量，并解决现有太阳能收集器存在的下述问题：
●固定的位置，其被限制在特定的角度，或垂直布置，这两种以能量回收的方式是不充分的；
●大尺寸和大重量的收集器，其需要笨重的支撑装置；
●浪费的空间；
●在建筑设计中，难于与建筑物集合成一体。
太阳能装置(图1&2)包括(可变)数量的热或光电接收元件A和容纳技术设备的支撑柱B。利用简单、进步的组件，该太阳能装置除了能够实现基本的热或光电能量的回收功能外，还适合于执行下述功能：
●为建筑物、窗户、停车场等提供遮光。
●利用它的瓦面功能，覆盖花园、通道或其它空间。
接收器能够安装在固定的位置或设计为在经度或纬度位置上跟踪太阳的机构。该接收器能够手动操作或为了使能量收集最大化通过微处理器全自动操作。这些特点允许太阳能装置以正或负的角度，水平或甚至垂直的在任何暴露在太阳下的地方——例如露台、院子、平台、屋顶(甚至面北的屋顶)、墙壁和间隔物安装。实际上，垂直位置的安装甚至允许单元用在诸如露台等的区域中替代安全栅栏。这种灵活性甚至允许在公寓楼和办公楼中的太阳能的回收。
太阳能接收器
从外部看，太阳能接收器由圆形、椭圆形或者其他几何形状的透明或半透明的管子2形成。
依据它们预定的用途，这些可以是热类型或光电类型。两种类型都可包含允许其被用作太阳遮光板或瓦面的多功能叶片7。
图3和图4分别示出了热接收器和光电接收器的示意图。
下面是对图2、图3和图4中示出的各个部件的说明：
金属盖1
这种金属盖安装在接收器的背部中间，支撑多功能叶片7。
外部管子2
在热接收器上，这种管子是必须的，并形成它的外盖。它支撑、保护并相对外部热隔离内部零件。这种透明管子由丙烯酸纤维(PMMA)或者具有抵抗紫外线和天气特性的其他材料制成，在红外线下具有低的热传导性和高的透明度。利用在一起的这两个盖8，确保了卓越的热隔离(0.21WmK，相对于玻璃的1,2WmK)。
光电接收器可以没有这种外部管子。
固定的内部管子3
这种与旋转的内部管子4接触的铜管确保了热量传入内部流动的流体内。
光电接收器没有这种管子。
旋转的内部管子4
仅在热接收器中，这种管子通过“TiNOX选择涂层”将从太阳收集到的热量传送。
这种管子由铜制成，焊接并压叠到涂层，通过与固定的内部管子3接触传送热量。
对于光电接收器，相同的管子(由铜或者其他合适的材料制成)支撑光电池并把线从接收器带入支撑柱内。
无论哪种类型的接收器，这种管子都允许接收器做成特氟纶衬套。
支撑叶片5
这种叶片焊接到旋转的内部管子4，这样支撑了“TiNOX选择涂层”(或替换的)或光电池。
位置电池6和微处理器9
定位在一个外部管子2中的一组五个位置感应电池和定位在一个技术支撑柱中的微处理器9提供了跟踪太阳的以经度和纬度表示的信息和计算。比较每个硅电池的电压，从被处理的数据中给出一个误差信号。
微处理器分析偏差，驱动伺服电机11、臂10和连杆12直到达到对称。
对于多云的天气，微处理器使用晴天的最近的良好数据或者预定的算法。
多动能叶片7
这种叶片是可选的，可安装在上述两种类型之一的接收器上。具有两个独特的功能：
作为“太阳遮光板”，这种叶片放在金属盖1的任意一侧，并产生荫凉，使建筑物、窗户、停车场等的温度降低。这些叶片部分重叠以产生荫凉而不影响接收器的效果。
作为选择，接收器能够装有“瓦面叶片”，其移动到关闭或打开的位置(图6b)以保护其下面的区域免于日晒或雨淋。发生降水时，设置在支撑柱内的湿度传感器向微处理器传递信息，微处理器自动驱动所有收集器至关闭位置。如果雨停了，接收器回到微处理器计算出的正常太阳能位置。在夜晚，太阳能接收器被自动送到关闭位置。
装有瓦面或太阳遮光板的接收器能被人工控制到优选位置。
盖8
接收器的顶部用金属或塑料盖封闭。对于热接收器，热效应依据盖的特性，其必须保证最小的内部损耗。如果使用金属盖，还必须在盖和接线箱(图7a)之间装入热隔绝机构(图7f)。盖还控制接收器内的热的流动。
图7描述热接收器的金属盖组件和其他零件。这些零件是：
接线箱a
该零件焊接到旋转的内部管子4(图2，3)，并支撑盖8。
缓冲垫b
缓冲垫由特氟纶(具有良好的热阻性和润滑性)制成，如图2(13)中所示。它支撑围绕其旋转的接线箱a。
螺钉c
它们将盖8固定到接线箱a。
臂d
如图2(10)所示，臂响应接收器的运动。它由与伺服电机11连接的连杆触发。
热套筒e
这确保接线箱a的热隔离。
热衬垫f
使用软木衬垫隔离接收器与内部热流。注意的是盖不能直接接触接线箱。
安全阀h
为了保证良好的热隔离，需要确保接收器的内部和外部之间没有热损失，特别是通过任何自由空气流。如上所述，内部的热隔离必须是完全的。另一方面，接收器内的空气量越少，因空气对流造成的热损失越小。通过自然过程，通过在一个盖中安装单向阀可以使接收器内的空气量最小化。当内部的空气温度升高时，空气的体积增大，一些空气通过阀被排出。当内部空气温度下降，空气体积不减少，因此内部压力降低。两个温度的差越大，内部压力越小，接收器内部损耗越小。在冬天，当温度最低时，接收器的效率最大。
对于光电接收器的情况，因为空气可以在其中自由流动，不需要隔离，所以盖的结构简单。
图8示出了含有一些常见的热接收器元件的光电接收器。省略了四个元件：热套筒e；热衬垫f；安全阀h和固定的内部管子3。加入了两个新的元件：灰尘过滤器8a和新的内有孔的衬垫。
盖8和衬垫8b确保了内部温度与周围的相同。
衬垫8b防止灰尘沉积在光电池上。
支撑柱B
太阳能装置(图1和2)中的支撑柱B，其装有技术设备。这些柱形成针对两种类型的接收器的支撑结构，并包含驱动它们的所必要的一些元件；伺服电机11；微处理器9；线；传感器和机械零件。
对于热接收器，支撑柱还包含隔离管、安全阀门、电子阀门、气孔和泵。
热接收器的支撑柱应有良好的内部隔离。
1.一种模块式多功能太阳能装置，其通过取代诸如台阶或露台的安全栅栏的建筑构件和具有附加遮蔽作用的覆盖构件(诸如瓦面)，将太阳能装置融入建筑物，还能够从太阳收集能量并能够由改变方向的模块放置在任何太阳的位置，其特征在于：
所述装置由可变数量的包含技术设备的各个支撑柱(B)形成，支撑柱附加到侧壁或其它建筑构件，多个旋转的热接收器和/或光电接收器(A)附加到支撑柱上，每个包括附加到支撑柱(B)的管子(2)组成；
所述支撑柱(B)以负角(图5a)、水平(图5b)、正角(图5c)、或垂直(图5d)安装，在任何情况下包括(图2)：支撑并将太阳能接收器转到水平位置的缓冲垫(13)；用于电子控制的微处理器(9)；用于触发驱动太阳能接收器(热或光电类型)的臂(10)和连杆(12)的伺服电机(11)，伺服电机将太阳能接收器保持在与太阳垂直或不重合的位置，以便控制温度；绝缘管(14)；以及固定的内部管子(3)，其驱动在接收器之间和通过接收器的热流和支撑柱(B)、线、安全阀门、传感器的能量；
通过附加到穿过金属盖(1)的管子(2)的两个侧壁的两个多功能叶片(图3和4，标号7)，所述热和光电太阳能接收器还能提供遮蔽功能(图5a、b、c、d)或同时地，遮蔽和瓦面功能(图6a、b)；
所述热太阳能接收器具有自然机构，其通过小的阀(图7h)引起轻微的空气损耗(真空)，以致当温度升高时空气离开接收器，并不再进入其内，以便使热损失和内部湿度最小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述热接收器或光电接收器在每个露出侧上包含多功能叶片(7)，以便提供附带的如屋顶的太阳遮光板和/或瓦面功能。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述热接收器和光电接收器由椭圆形的透明的管子(A或图3和4中的标号2)组成，或具有除了椭圆形状的其他几何形状的管子(2)，其具有包括微处理器(9)和光电感应电池(6)的太阳能跟踪系统。
4.根据权利要求3所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述光电接收器无需管子(A或图4中的标号2)工作。

Claims (5)

1.模块式多功能太阳能装置，其能够从太阳收集热或光电能源；具有附带的太阳遮光板或瓦面功能，可安装在任意太阳的位置---甚至垂直平面(在建筑物表面等上)或其他任何角度，其特征在于：
可变数量的热太阳能接收器，其由具有太阳能跟踪系统的椭圆形的外部透明的管子(2)组成，太阳能跟踪系统包括微处理器(9)和光感应电池(6)，以便使接收器保持在与太阳垂直的位置；
在每个末端由缓冲垫(13)、带有安全阀(h)的盖(8)支撑；全部固定到包含技术设备的支撑柱；具有内部的“选择表面”的涂层的的叶片(5)，其收集热能；焊接到传送通过接触固定管子(3)的能量的管子(4)，传送流体在固定管子(3)内流动，并通过绝缘管(14)把能量带出支撑柱(B)；
可变数量的光电太阳能接收器，其由具有太阳能跟踪系统的椭圆形的外部透明的管子(2)组成，太阳能跟踪系统由微处理器(9)和光感应电池(6)控制，以便使接收器保持与太阳垂直；
在每个末端由缓冲垫(13)、盖(8)支撑；固定到支撑柱(B)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述支撑柱(B)包含支撑接收器的缓冲垫(13)、用于电子控制的微处理器(9)、用于触发连杆的伺服电机(11)和处于接收器与其他元件之间的管子或线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述热接收器和光电接收器的特征在于包含椭圆形或其他几何形状的管子(2)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述光电接收器的特征在于具有无需管子(2)的安装的灵活性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的模块式多功能太阳能装置，其中所述热接收器的特征在于在每个露出侧上包含多功能叶片(7)，以便提供附带的太阳遮光板和/或瓦面功能。
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