CA2629875C - Modular multifunctional solar structure - Google Patents
Modular multifunctional solar structure Download PDFInfo
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- CA2629875C CA2629875C CA2629875A CA2629875A CA2629875C CA 2629875 C CA2629875 C CA 2629875C CA 2629875 A CA2629875 A CA 2629875A CA 2629875 A CA2629875 A CA 2629875A CA 2629875 C CA2629875 C CA 2629875C
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/75—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/62—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of fences, balustrades or handrails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
- H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
- H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2476—Solar cells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/08—Louvre doors, windows or grilles
- E06B7/084—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae
- E06B7/086—Louvre doors, windows or grilles with rotatable lamellae interconnected for concurrent movement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
- E06B9/38—Other details
- E06B9/386—Details of lamellae
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
- F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal
- F24S2020/183—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal in the form of louvers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/13—Transmissions
- F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/15—Bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The Modular Multifunctional Solar Structure is an innovative design in the field of Renewable Energy. This system, the schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 2, will collect the energy from the sunlight by using lightweight rotary thermal or bivalent photovoltaic solar receivers (A), sandwiched between Support Columns (B) which house the technical services.
Because of its modular concept, this structure allows: an easy and progressive assembly in places exposed to the sun, with negative angles of down to 90~;
and a microprocessor controlled solar tracking device, with alternative fixed or manually adjustable settings. These features solve the traditional problems associated with solar energy collectors, which include: a fixed position which is confined to specific angles, or a vertical layout, both of which are inefficient in terms of energy recovery; large dimensions and heavyweight collectors, which may need ungainly support structures; and wasted space.
Because of its modular concept, this structure allows: an easy and progressive assembly in places exposed to the sun, with negative angles of down to 90~;
and a microprocessor controlled solar tracking device, with alternative fixed or manually adjustable settings. These features solve the traditional problems associated with solar energy collectors, which include: a fixed position which is confined to specific angles, or a vertical layout, both of which are inefficient in terms of energy recovery; large dimensions and heavyweight collectors, which may need ungainly support structures; and wasted space.
Description
Modular Multifunctional Solar Structure FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The Modular Multifunctional Solar Structure is an innovative design in the field of Renewable Energy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Document WO 2005/090873 (subsequently referred as Dl) discloses an individual solar energy collector based on a linear concentrator with a raised absorber and transparent covering, providing reflectors, re-reflectors and the possibility of using simultaneously thermal and photovoltaic elements. The present invention uses thermal and photovoltaic receptors separately. Dl also discloses a specific structure for the absorber structure, which combines two releasable connected absorbers. Dl does not disclose specific means for supporting and connecting said linear concentrator at each extremity. Dl describes a fundamentally different absorber structure when compared to the present invention. Dl does not disclose the present invention Support Columns or any technical feature essential for multifunction facilities.
Dl, on the whole, describes an individual solar collector and never discloses adequate technical features for aggregating said collectors into a complete workable solar collecting structure, like the present invention does by means of the said support columns.
In fact, Dl implies a different problem-solution than that of the present invention.
Dl focuses on providing a highly effective solar to thermal and/or electrical conversion rate at the cost of other also important and relevant aims, namely modularity, low complexity, low part-count, flexibility in deployment, low building profile and therefore cost of producing, assembling and mounting said collectors.
I
Dl essentially discloses a collector based on a reflector, whereas the present invention does not make use of a reflector. This reflector is paramount to DI, as without it, Dl does not describe a feasible solution, given that the disclosed direct absorption is secondary and optional. Reflectors are relatively more complex and costlier parts.
Dl discloses a structure which can have a sunshade or tile function, but only as so far as it is inherent to any structure able to reflect or absorb solar energy. Shade, by definition, is caused by any material that reflects or absorbs light. In fact, Dl has no specific technical features relevant to this purpose. This structure can only provide a partial shading/tiling solution, even if, as previously mentioned, it is also a costlier, heavier, more complex and a much higher part-count solution.
Dl does reveal the need for adequate support structures but does not disclose any significant feature of these.
Dl discloses a pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector but, as disclosed, this pipe has no structural weight bearing purpose, whereas in the present invention it plays a key part in both the structure and the function of the collector.
As previously referred, the need for simple and effective terminations for the collector creates an additional challenge. Dl does not disclose any specific cushions or gaskets; it merely mentions they are required, these being absolutely essential for obtaining a working system. Dl does disclose a termination device but it merely states the possibility of reflowing thermal fluid between the two pipes.
Dl describes partially elliptical reflectors, which by nature cannot be transparent if they are to provide effective reflection. Dl uses elliptical reflectors as this is obviously the correct shape for reflecting as much solar energy as possible. Dl cover transparent elements are in reality flat, with no provision for any other format. The elliptically shaped elements in Dl and the present invention are used for different functions, are different in their materials and the actual shape is used with different purposes.
Furthermore, the proposed absorber in Dl cannot achieve the shading and/or tiling effect provided by the blade (7) of the present invention. Dl can only achieve a partial shade/tile solution, albeit a costlier and more complex, through the use of its reflector surfaces, this inherently being dissimilar to the present invention.
As shown above, Dl describes a fundamentally different collector and support structure. The present invention provides elliptic transparent tubes housing individual collectors with effective side terminations and support structures. These features enable smaller and lighter collectors, facilitating installation and architectural acceptance, providing an effective shading and/or tile function, while allowing the substitution of construction elements (e.g. balconies safeguards).
Document US 6 029 656 (subsequently referred as D2) discloses a solar energy collector based on a linear concentrator with a centred absorber and transparent covering, providing parabolic reflectors and the possibility of using simultaneously thermal and photovoltaic elements. Although there is a plurality of heat collectors, they are all disposed inside a flat housing, as refers to a glazed flat-plate type collector. D2 also discloses a specific structure for the reflector structure which combines two parabolic reflectors.
D2 does not disclose specific means for supporting and connecting said linear concentrator at each extremity. D2 does not disclose any support columns or any technical feature essential for multifunction facilities.
D2 focuses on providing a highly effective solar to thermal and/or electrical conversion rate at the cost of other also important and relevant aims, namely modularity, low complexity, low part-count, flexibility in deployment, low building profile and therefore cost of producing, assembling and mounting said collectors.
D2 essentially describes an individual solar collector and although it presents said individual collectors in sets, it never discloses adequate technical features for aggregating said collectors into a complete workable solar collecting structure, by means of the said support columns.
D2 essentially discloses a collector based on a double reflector, whereas the present invention does not make use of a reflector. This reflector is paramount to D2, as without it, D2 does not describe a feasible solution, given that the disclosed direct absorption is secondary as compared to the direct absorption. Reflectors here are relatively more complex and costlier parts than what is proposed by the present invention.
D2 discloses a structure which can have a sunshade or tile function, but only as so far as it is inherent to any structure able to reflect or absorb solar energy. Shade, by definition, is caused by any material that reflects or absorbs light. In fact, D2 has no specific technical features relevant to this purpose as it will be shown. One could envision D2 as generating a shade solution, albeit a partial one (as will also be shown further below), but this would always imply using the disclosed transparent cover outside the full area meant for the shading or tiling effect. This is neither practical nor thermally effective for large areas, e.g. outside building walls.
D2 can only provide complete shading by means of using of its full housing, which is not only impractical due to the size and complexity, but is also permanent not providing means for controlling the shading effect. D2 does reveal the need for adequate support structures but does not disclose any significant feature of these.
D2 discloses a pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector but, as disclosed, this pipe has only this purpose, it cannot also be a means for carrying electric connections.
As previously referred, the need for simple and effective terminations for the collector creates an additional challenge. D2 does not disclose any specific cushions or gaskets, these being absolutely essential for obtaining a working system. Furthermore, as the present invention makes use of multiple enclosures each associated with a collector, and does not make use of a single cover for multiple collectors, this creates special challenges to the collector terminations requiring proper thermal separation between absorber and enclosure, and between absorber and support structure.
Moreover, D2 only foresees using photovoltaic elements in the rear side of the absorber, while the present invention places them in direct solar energy absorption.
The previous points show how D2 describes a fundamentally different collector and support structure. The present invention provides elliptic transparent tubes housing individual collectors with effective side terminations and support structures. These features enable smaller and lighter collectors, facilitating installation and architectural acceptance, providing an effective shading and/or tile function, while allowing the substitution of construction elements (e.g. balconies safeguards).
Document EP 1 632 786 (subsequently referred as D3) refers to a Solar Tracker equipment, which is completely different from the present invention and is not suitable to be integrated architectonically on buildings. D3 claims a structure and means for effective solar tracking. D3 is able for solar tracking in an essentially rotating the full structure.
The prior art in solar collectors, as far as architectonic building integration is concerned, suffers from an important drawback: serious problems in architectonic integration capability. Due to this reason, most potential users, and architects in particular, have not adhered to these solutions. This is the reason why both thermal and photovoltaic solar collectors have been mostly confined to rooftop applications.
The existing solutions have such shortcomings in terms of architectural integration that, in the field of the photovoltaic energy collection, flat-plate panels have eyen been directly applied to vertical building surfaces, in spite of efficiency problems due to the sun being misaligned to the strictly vertical positions.
In order to supply sustainable energy from the sun and substantially increase its use with full architectonic integration, it is necessary to find new solutions to turn available more and more space on buildings (façades, balconies, over windows, etc.) and also on external spaces to collect such energy. If possible these solutions should be extended to the development of construction elements with active solar energy capabilities.
Whatsoever be the solution, it has to be architecturally integrated, efficient and easily deployed in building surfaces.
It will be shown how the present invention differs from the prior art in order to attain these goals.
õ
The present invention focuses on providing a complete solution to these difficulties and it will be shown how a simple individual collector cannot be the answer to these. Instead, a new approach is required, embodied in the present invention by a new and comprehensive Structure of individual solar collectors of thermal, photovoltaic or both types.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention does not use a reflector, instead makes full use of direct solar absorption.
The present invention focuses on providing a highly flexible, modular, easily mounted, relatively simple, cost-effective solar collector at possibly the cost of a lower thermal and/or electrical conversion rate. These differences in terms of problem-solution, irremediably preclude similar technical features for the present invention and the prior art, the inventions being different in nature, structure and purpose, as will be shown below.
The present invention discloses specific linear side structures, extremity terminations, thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (0, cushions (b) and couplings (a) which are necessary to achieve modularity and rotational capability essential for creating an effective shading or tiling system. Furthermore, the present invention describes a specific blade format (7) critical to creating a fully shaded or tile-enclosed area, ensuring full overlap and interconnection between collectors. Without this feature, it is only possible to provide a partial shading/tiling solution, even if, as previously mentioned, it is also a costlier, heavier, more complex and a much higher part-count solution.
The present invention describes a Support Colunm fully integrated architectonically, independent from the collectors, to fix them and simultaneously to house and to preserve from outside view the technical services (electronic and mechanical systems, wirings, pipes, sensors etc.).
The present invention details linear support columns (8) which provide for modularity and ease of deployment of multiple collectors jointly connected by said support columns (8).
In the present invention, the pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector plays a key part in both the structure and the function of the "
collector. In the present invention, this pipe (4) is centrally located and serves both as a structural weight carrying element as a means for carrying thermal fluid, through a second pipe (3), or electric connections.
The present invention discloses a full working design, able to resolve the issues with the centrally placed weight bearing pipe (4), providing extremity terminations, comprised of thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (f), cushions (b) and couplings (a), enabling the flow of thermal fluid or passage of electric connections, while at the same time bearing the weight of the collector.
The present invention makes use of the elliptical shape as to provide an effective transparent cover for the absorber surface, while at the same time providing for adequate structural bearing for the collector. The elliptically shaped elements in the prior art are used for different functions, are different in their materials and the actual shape is used with different purposes.
The present invention further allows straightforward progressive installation of collector modules and simple replacement of individual collectors.
The present invention focuses on providing a highly flexible, modular, easily mounted, relatively simple, cost-effective solar collector at possibly the cost of a lower thermal and/or electrical conversion rate. These differences in terms of problem-solution, irremediably preclude similar technical features for the present invention and D2, the inventions being different in nature, structure and purpose, as will be shown below.
Reflectors of the prior art are relatively more complex and costlier parts than what is proposed by the present invention. The present invention does not use a reflector, instead makes full use of direct solar absorption.
The present invention discloses specific linear side structures, extremity terminations, thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (0, cushions (b) and couplings (a) which are necessary to achieve modularity and rotational capability essential for creating an effective shading or tiling system, while providing enclosure for each individual collector. This individual enclosure creates additional challenges for the terminations of the collectors, challenges resolved by the disclosed extremity terminations. Furthermore, the present invention describes a specific blade format (7) critical to creating a fully shaded or tile enclosed area, ensuring full overlap and interconnection between collectors.
The present invention describes a Support Column fully integrated architectonically, independent from the collectors, to fix them and simultaneously to house and to preserve from outside view the technical services (electronic and mechanical systems, wirings, pipes, sensors etc.).
The present invention details linear support columns (8), which provide for modularity and ease of deployment of multiple collectors jointly connected by said support columns (8).
The present invention discloses a full working design, able to resolve these issues with the centrally placed weight bearing pipe (4), providing extremity terminations, comprised of thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (f), cushions (b) and couplings (a), enabling the flow of thermal fluid or passage of electric connections, while at the same time bearing the weight of the absorber and its individual enclosure.
The present invention uses elliptical transparent tubes (2). D2 describes concave reflectors, which by nature cannot be transparent if they are to provide effective reflection. D2 uses parabolic reflectors, which in turn form a somewhat resembling but definitely not elliptical shape. D2 cover transparent elements are in reality flat, with no provision for any other format. The present invention makes use of the elliptical shape as to provide an effective transparent cover for the absorber surface, while at the same time providing for adequate structural bearing for the collector. The concave elements in D2 and the elliptical cover in the present invention are used for different functions, are different in their materials and even the actual shape is different.
The present invention further allows straightforward progressive installation of collector modules and simple replacement of individual collectors.
The present invention, though able for solar tracking, accomplishes this in an essentially different way than other documents of the prior art, not by rotating the full structure, but by rotating individual collectors.
This system will collect the energy from the sunlight and will resolve the following problems experienced with existing solar energy collectors:
= A fixed position, which is confined to specific angles, or a vertical layout, both of which are inefficient in terms of energy recovery.
= Large dimensions and heavyweight collectors, which may need ungainly support structures = Wasted space = Difficult to integrated as an architectural element in building design DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The Solar Structure (Fig 1 & 2) comprises a (variable) number of thermal or photovoltaic receiving elements (A) and support columns, which house the technical services (8). With simple, progressive assembly this Solar Structure can be adapted to perform the following functions in addition to the primary function of thermal and/or photovoltaic energy recovery:
= Provide shading to buildings, windows, parking areas etc.
= Used in its tile function, the covering of gardens, passageways or other spaces.
The receivers can be mounted in fixed positions or with a mechanism designed to track the sun with azimuth or latitudinal positioning. It can be operated manually or fully automatically by microprocessor control in order to maximize energy collection. These qualities permit the Solar Structure to be installed with positive or negative angles, horizontally or even vertically, in any place exposed to the sun - for instance over balconies, patios, terraces, roves (even North facing ones), walls and dividers. In fact, installation in the vertical position even allows the units to be used instead of safety fences in areas such as balconies etc. This flexibility even allows the recuperation of solar energy in apartment blocks and office buildings.
= =
The present invention provides means for bearing said collectors in new Support Columns, fundamental for interconnecting modules or groups of solar collectors while at the same time containing away from exterior view all necessary support components.
The present invention also encases individual collectors in elliptical elements able to cover and bear them, while at the same time providing means for terminating this new collector arrangement with adequate mechanical and thermal traits.
In order to achieve modularity, ease of deployment and architectural integration the interconnections of individual solar collectors are as important as the collectors themselves. The present invention, contrary to the prior art, identifies specific and detailed means for these.
Because of these unique features, the present invention can achieve Multifunction capabilities by being able to provide shadow and enclosure, further extended by the means of a special multifunction blade (7).
Solar Receptors The solar receptors are formed by external transparent or translucent tube (2) of a circular, elliptical or other geometric form.
Depending on the use for which they are destined the receptors are either thermal or photovoltaic types. Both types can incorporate a Multifunction Blade (7), which permits them to be used as sunshades or tiles. Fig 3 and 4 show the schematics of a thermal receptor and a photovoltaic receptor respectively.
The following is a description of the individual parts shown on figs 2,3 and 4:
Metallic Cover (1).
This metallic cover is installed on the back half of the receptor and supports the Multifunction Blade (7).
, I I =v External Tube (2) On the thermal receptors this tube is mandatory and forms its external cover.
It supports, protects and thermally isolates the internal parts form the exterior. This transparent tube is made of acrylic (PMMA) or other material which has the characteristics of being UV and weather resistant, has a low thermal conductivity and high transparency to infra red rays. Together with the two covers (8), it assures excellent thermal isolation (0.21WmK as opposed to 1,2 WmK for glass).
Note: The photovoltaic receptors may not have this external tube.
Fixed internal pipe (3) This copper pipe, which is in contact with the rotary internal pipe (4), ensures transmission of the heat into the fluid that flows internally.
Note: Photovoltaic receptors do not have this pipe.
Rotating internal pipe (4) In the thermal receptors only, this pipe transfers the heat collected from the sun through the "Tinox" 0 selective coating".
The pipe is made from copper, welded and laminated to the coating and transfers heat by contact to the fixed internal pipe.
For the photovoltaic receptors the same pipe (in copper or another suitable material) supports the photovoltaic cells and carries the wiring from the receptors and then into the support columns.
Regardless of which type of receptor is being considered, it is this tube that permits the receptors to turn in the Teflon bushes Support blade (5) This blade soldered to the rotary internal pipe (4) it is this that supports the Tinox "selective coating" (or alternative) or the photovoltaic cells.
I
Position cells (6) and Microprocessor (9) One set of five position sensing cells positioned in one of the external tubes (2) and a microprocessor (9) located in one of the technical support columns provide the information and calculations for tracking the sun in azimuth or latitude. The voltage in each of the silicon cells is compared and the values processed to give an error signal. The microprocessor analyses the deviation and drives the servo motor (11), the arm (10) and the rod (12) until symmetry is achieved.
For cloudy days, the microprocessor uses the last good data for a bright day or a predictive algorithm.
Multifunction blade (7) This blade is optional and can be fitted on either type of receptors. It has two distinct functions:
As a 'Sunshade' the blade is placed on either side of the metallic cover (1) and creates shadow to reduce the temperature of buildings, windows, car parks, etc. These blades overlap to produce shade without affecting the efficiency of the receptors.
Alternatively the receivers can be mounted with a 'tile blade', which moves to a closed or open position (Fig 6.b) to protect the area underneath from the sun or rain. When precipitation occurs a moisture sensor located in the support columns sends information to the microprocessor, which automatically drives all the receptors to the closed position. If the rain stops, the receptors return to the normal solar position as calculated by the microprocessor. At night the solar receptors can be automatically sent to the closed position.
Note: Receptors equipped with either tiles or sunshades can be manually controlled to the preferred position.
, Covers (8) The tops of the receptors are closed by metal or plastic covers. For the thermal receptors, the thermal efficiency depends on the characteristics of this cover, which must ensure minimum internal losses. If a metal cover is used, it is also necessary to install a thermal rupture mechanism (fig 7.t) between the cover and the coupling box (fig 7.a). The covers also control the flow of heat within the receiver.
Fig 7. details the metallic cover assembly and other parts of a thermal receptor. These parts are:
Coupling box (a).
This part is welded to the rotating internal pipe (fig 2, 3 (4)), and supports the cover (8).
Cushion (b) This is made of Teflonil) (with good thermal resistance and lubrication properties) and is represented in fig. 2 (13). It supports the coupling box (a), which rotates around it.
Screws (c) They fix the cover (8) to the coupling box (a).
Arm (d) Shown in fig 2 (10), the arm is responsible for the movement of the receptors. It is actuated by the rods (12) connected to the servo motor (11).
Thermal sleeve (e) This assures the thermal isolation of the coupling box (a).
, õ
Thermal gasket (f) This cork gasket thermal isolation of the receptor and the internal heat flows.
Note that the cover cannot touch the coupling box directly.
Relief valve (h) In order to ensure good thermal isolation it is important to ensure that there are no thermal losses between the interior and exterior of the receiver, especially through any free airflow. As previously mentioned, the internal thermal isolation must be complete. On the other hand, the smaller the quantity of air inside the receptor, the less thermal loss, caused by convective airflow, will occur. By means of a natural process it is possible to minimize the quantity of air inside the receptors by installing a one-way valve in one cover. When the internal air temperature rises, the volume of air increases and some air is expelled through the valve. As the internal air temperature falls, the volume cannot decrease so the internal pressure reduces. The greater the difference between the two temperatures, the lower will be the internal pressure and the lower will be the internal losses in the receptor. In the winter, when the temperature is at a minimum, the receptor efficiency is maximized.
In the case of the photovoltaic receptors, the covers are of simpler construction as air may flow freely through them and they need no isolation.
Fig 8 shows a photovoltaic receptor with some common thermal receptor elements. Four elements have been omitted; the thermal sleeve (e); thermal gasket (f); relief valve (h) and the fixed internal pipe (3). Two new elements have been added; the dust filter (8a) and the new gasket with a hole in it.
The cover (8) and gasket (8b) ensure that the internal temperature is the same as ambient.
The gasket (8b) prevents dust from being deposited on the photovoltaic cells.
I =I.
Support columns (B) The solar structure (fig 1 and 2) shows the support columns (B), which house the technical services. These columns form the supporting structure for both types of receptors and contain some of the elements necessary for driving them; servo motor (11); microprocessor (9); wiring, sensors and mechanical parts.
For the thermal receptors the support columns also contain the insulated pipes, safety valves, electro valves, air vents and pumps.
The support columns for the thermal receptors should have good internal insulation.
J I ly ,0 14
The Modular Multifunctional Solar Structure is an innovative design in the field of Renewable Energy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Document WO 2005/090873 (subsequently referred as Dl) discloses an individual solar energy collector based on a linear concentrator with a raised absorber and transparent covering, providing reflectors, re-reflectors and the possibility of using simultaneously thermal and photovoltaic elements. The present invention uses thermal and photovoltaic receptors separately. Dl also discloses a specific structure for the absorber structure, which combines two releasable connected absorbers. Dl does not disclose specific means for supporting and connecting said linear concentrator at each extremity. Dl describes a fundamentally different absorber structure when compared to the present invention. Dl does not disclose the present invention Support Columns or any technical feature essential for multifunction facilities.
Dl, on the whole, describes an individual solar collector and never discloses adequate technical features for aggregating said collectors into a complete workable solar collecting structure, like the present invention does by means of the said support columns.
In fact, Dl implies a different problem-solution than that of the present invention.
Dl focuses on providing a highly effective solar to thermal and/or electrical conversion rate at the cost of other also important and relevant aims, namely modularity, low complexity, low part-count, flexibility in deployment, low building profile and therefore cost of producing, assembling and mounting said collectors.
I
Dl essentially discloses a collector based on a reflector, whereas the present invention does not make use of a reflector. This reflector is paramount to DI, as without it, Dl does not describe a feasible solution, given that the disclosed direct absorption is secondary and optional. Reflectors are relatively more complex and costlier parts.
Dl discloses a structure which can have a sunshade or tile function, but only as so far as it is inherent to any structure able to reflect or absorb solar energy. Shade, by definition, is caused by any material that reflects or absorbs light. In fact, Dl has no specific technical features relevant to this purpose. This structure can only provide a partial shading/tiling solution, even if, as previously mentioned, it is also a costlier, heavier, more complex and a much higher part-count solution.
Dl does reveal the need for adequate support structures but does not disclose any significant feature of these.
Dl discloses a pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector but, as disclosed, this pipe has no structural weight bearing purpose, whereas in the present invention it plays a key part in both the structure and the function of the collector.
As previously referred, the need for simple and effective terminations for the collector creates an additional challenge. Dl does not disclose any specific cushions or gaskets; it merely mentions they are required, these being absolutely essential for obtaining a working system. Dl does disclose a termination device but it merely states the possibility of reflowing thermal fluid between the two pipes.
Dl describes partially elliptical reflectors, which by nature cannot be transparent if they are to provide effective reflection. Dl uses elliptical reflectors as this is obviously the correct shape for reflecting as much solar energy as possible. Dl cover transparent elements are in reality flat, with no provision for any other format. The elliptically shaped elements in Dl and the present invention are used for different functions, are different in their materials and the actual shape is used with different purposes.
Furthermore, the proposed absorber in Dl cannot achieve the shading and/or tiling effect provided by the blade (7) of the present invention. Dl can only achieve a partial shade/tile solution, albeit a costlier and more complex, through the use of its reflector surfaces, this inherently being dissimilar to the present invention.
As shown above, Dl describes a fundamentally different collector and support structure. The present invention provides elliptic transparent tubes housing individual collectors with effective side terminations and support structures. These features enable smaller and lighter collectors, facilitating installation and architectural acceptance, providing an effective shading and/or tile function, while allowing the substitution of construction elements (e.g. balconies safeguards).
Document US 6 029 656 (subsequently referred as D2) discloses a solar energy collector based on a linear concentrator with a centred absorber and transparent covering, providing parabolic reflectors and the possibility of using simultaneously thermal and photovoltaic elements. Although there is a plurality of heat collectors, they are all disposed inside a flat housing, as refers to a glazed flat-plate type collector. D2 also discloses a specific structure for the reflector structure which combines two parabolic reflectors.
D2 does not disclose specific means for supporting and connecting said linear concentrator at each extremity. D2 does not disclose any support columns or any technical feature essential for multifunction facilities.
D2 focuses on providing a highly effective solar to thermal and/or electrical conversion rate at the cost of other also important and relevant aims, namely modularity, low complexity, low part-count, flexibility in deployment, low building profile and therefore cost of producing, assembling and mounting said collectors.
D2 essentially describes an individual solar collector and although it presents said individual collectors in sets, it never discloses adequate technical features for aggregating said collectors into a complete workable solar collecting structure, by means of the said support columns.
D2 essentially discloses a collector based on a double reflector, whereas the present invention does not make use of a reflector. This reflector is paramount to D2, as without it, D2 does not describe a feasible solution, given that the disclosed direct absorption is secondary as compared to the direct absorption. Reflectors here are relatively more complex and costlier parts than what is proposed by the present invention.
D2 discloses a structure which can have a sunshade or tile function, but only as so far as it is inherent to any structure able to reflect or absorb solar energy. Shade, by definition, is caused by any material that reflects or absorbs light. In fact, D2 has no specific technical features relevant to this purpose as it will be shown. One could envision D2 as generating a shade solution, albeit a partial one (as will also be shown further below), but this would always imply using the disclosed transparent cover outside the full area meant for the shading or tiling effect. This is neither practical nor thermally effective for large areas, e.g. outside building walls.
D2 can only provide complete shading by means of using of its full housing, which is not only impractical due to the size and complexity, but is also permanent not providing means for controlling the shading effect. D2 does reveal the need for adequate support structures but does not disclose any significant feature of these.
D2 discloses a pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector but, as disclosed, this pipe has only this purpose, it cannot also be a means for carrying electric connections.
As previously referred, the need for simple and effective terminations for the collector creates an additional challenge. D2 does not disclose any specific cushions or gaskets, these being absolutely essential for obtaining a working system. Furthermore, as the present invention makes use of multiple enclosures each associated with a collector, and does not make use of a single cover for multiple collectors, this creates special challenges to the collector terminations requiring proper thermal separation between absorber and enclosure, and between absorber and support structure.
Moreover, D2 only foresees using photovoltaic elements in the rear side of the absorber, while the present invention places them in direct solar energy absorption.
The previous points show how D2 describes a fundamentally different collector and support structure. The present invention provides elliptic transparent tubes housing individual collectors with effective side terminations and support structures. These features enable smaller and lighter collectors, facilitating installation and architectural acceptance, providing an effective shading and/or tile function, while allowing the substitution of construction elements (e.g. balconies safeguards).
Document EP 1 632 786 (subsequently referred as D3) refers to a Solar Tracker equipment, which is completely different from the present invention and is not suitable to be integrated architectonically on buildings. D3 claims a structure and means for effective solar tracking. D3 is able for solar tracking in an essentially rotating the full structure.
The prior art in solar collectors, as far as architectonic building integration is concerned, suffers from an important drawback: serious problems in architectonic integration capability. Due to this reason, most potential users, and architects in particular, have not adhered to these solutions. This is the reason why both thermal and photovoltaic solar collectors have been mostly confined to rooftop applications.
The existing solutions have such shortcomings in terms of architectural integration that, in the field of the photovoltaic energy collection, flat-plate panels have eyen been directly applied to vertical building surfaces, in spite of efficiency problems due to the sun being misaligned to the strictly vertical positions.
In order to supply sustainable energy from the sun and substantially increase its use with full architectonic integration, it is necessary to find new solutions to turn available more and more space on buildings (façades, balconies, over windows, etc.) and also on external spaces to collect such energy. If possible these solutions should be extended to the development of construction elements with active solar energy capabilities.
Whatsoever be the solution, it has to be architecturally integrated, efficient and easily deployed in building surfaces.
It will be shown how the present invention differs from the prior art in order to attain these goals.
õ
The present invention focuses on providing a complete solution to these difficulties and it will be shown how a simple individual collector cannot be the answer to these. Instead, a new approach is required, embodied in the present invention by a new and comprehensive Structure of individual solar collectors of thermal, photovoltaic or both types.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention does not use a reflector, instead makes full use of direct solar absorption.
The present invention focuses on providing a highly flexible, modular, easily mounted, relatively simple, cost-effective solar collector at possibly the cost of a lower thermal and/or electrical conversion rate. These differences in terms of problem-solution, irremediably preclude similar technical features for the present invention and the prior art, the inventions being different in nature, structure and purpose, as will be shown below.
The present invention discloses specific linear side structures, extremity terminations, thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (0, cushions (b) and couplings (a) which are necessary to achieve modularity and rotational capability essential for creating an effective shading or tiling system. Furthermore, the present invention describes a specific blade format (7) critical to creating a fully shaded or tile-enclosed area, ensuring full overlap and interconnection between collectors. Without this feature, it is only possible to provide a partial shading/tiling solution, even if, as previously mentioned, it is also a costlier, heavier, more complex and a much higher part-count solution.
The present invention describes a Support Colunm fully integrated architectonically, independent from the collectors, to fix them and simultaneously to house and to preserve from outside view the technical services (electronic and mechanical systems, wirings, pipes, sensors etc.).
The present invention details linear support columns (8) which provide for modularity and ease of deployment of multiple collectors jointly connected by said support columns (8).
In the present invention, the pipe for carrying the thermal fluid out of the collector plays a key part in both the structure and the function of the "
collector. In the present invention, this pipe (4) is centrally located and serves both as a structural weight carrying element as a means for carrying thermal fluid, through a second pipe (3), or electric connections.
The present invention discloses a full working design, able to resolve the issues with the centrally placed weight bearing pipe (4), providing extremity terminations, comprised of thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (f), cushions (b) and couplings (a), enabling the flow of thermal fluid or passage of electric connections, while at the same time bearing the weight of the collector.
The present invention makes use of the elliptical shape as to provide an effective transparent cover for the absorber surface, while at the same time providing for adequate structural bearing for the collector. The elliptically shaped elements in the prior art are used for different functions, are different in their materials and the actual shape is used with different purposes.
The present invention further allows straightforward progressive installation of collector modules and simple replacement of individual collectors.
The present invention focuses on providing a highly flexible, modular, easily mounted, relatively simple, cost-effective solar collector at possibly the cost of a lower thermal and/or electrical conversion rate. These differences in terms of problem-solution, irremediably preclude similar technical features for the present invention and D2, the inventions being different in nature, structure and purpose, as will be shown below.
Reflectors of the prior art are relatively more complex and costlier parts than what is proposed by the present invention. The present invention does not use a reflector, instead makes full use of direct solar absorption.
The present invention discloses specific linear side structures, extremity terminations, thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (0, cushions (b) and couplings (a) which are necessary to achieve modularity and rotational capability essential for creating an effective shading or tiling system, while providing enclosure for each individual collector. This individual enclosure creates additional challenges for the terminations of the collectors, challenges resolved by the disclosed extremity terminations. Furthermore, the present invention describes a specific blade format (7) critical to creating a fully shaded or tile enclosed area, ensuring full overlap and interconnection between collectors.
The present invention describes a Support Column fully integrated architectonically, independent from the collectors, to fix them and simultaneously to house and to preserve from outside view the technical services (electronic and mechanical systems, wirings, pipes, sensors etc.).
The present invention details linear support columns (8), which provide for modularity and ease of deployment of multiple collectors jointly connected by said support columns (8).
The present invention discloses a full working design, able to resolve these issues with the centrally placed weight bearing pipe (4), providing extremity terminations, comprised of thermal sleeves (e) and gaskets (f), cushions (b) and couplings (a), enabling the flow of thermal fluid or passage of electric connections, while at the same time bearing the weight of the absorber and its individual enclosure.
The present invention uses elliptical transparent tubes (2). D2 describes concave reflectors, which by nature cannot be transparent if they are to provide effective reflection. D2 uses parabolic reflectors, which in turn form a somewhat resembling but definitely not elliptical shape. D2 cover transparent elements are in reality flat, with no provision for any other format. The present invention makes use of the elliptical shape as to provide an effective transparent cover for the absorber surface, while at the same time providing for adequate structural bearing for the collector. The concave elements in D2 and the elliptical cover in the present invention are used for different functions, are different in their materials and even the actual shape is different.
The present invention further allows straightforward progressive installation of collector modules and simple replacement of individual collectors.
The present invention, though able for solar tracking, accomplishes this in an essentially different way than other documents of the prior art, not by rotating the full structure, but by rotating individual collectors.
This system will collect the energy from the sunlight and will resolve the following problems experienced with existing solar energy collectors:
= A fixed position, which is confined to specific angles, or a vertical layout, both of which are inefficient in terms of energy recovery.
= Large dimensions and heavyweight collectors, which may need ungainly support structures = Wasted space = Difficult to integrated as an architectural element in building design DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The Solar Structure (Fig 1 & 2) comprises a (variable) number of thermal or photovoltaic receiving elements (A) and support columns, which house the technical services (8). With simple, progressive assembly this Solar Structure can be adapted to perform the following functions in addition to the primary function of thermal and/or photovoltaic energy recovery:
= Provide shading to buildings, windows, parking areas etc.
= Used in its tile function, the covering of gardens, passageways or other spaces.
The receivers can be mounted in fixed positions or with a mechanism designed to track the sun with azimuth or latitudinal positioning. It can be operated manually or fully automatically by microprocessor control in order to maximize energy collection. These qualities permit the Solar Structure to be installed with positive or negative angles, horizontally or even vertically, in any place exposed to the sun - for instance over balconies, patios, terraces, roves (even North facing ones), walls and dividers. In fact, installation in the vertical position even allows the units to be used instead of safety fences in areas such as balconies etc. This flexibility even allows the recuperation of solar energy in apartment blocks and office buildings.
= =
The present invention provides means for bearing said collectors in new Support Columns, fundamental for interconnecting modules or groups of solar collectors while at the same time containing away from exterior view all necessary support components.
The present invention also encases individual collectors in elliptical elements able to cover and bear them, while at the same time providing means for terminating this new collector arrangement with adequate mechanical and thermal traits.
In order to achieve modularity, ease of deployment and architectural integration the interconnections of individual solar collectors are as important as the collectors themselves. The present invention, contrary to the prior art, identifies specific and detailed means for these.
Because of these unique features, the present invention can achieve Multifunction capabilities by being able to provide shadow and enclosure, further extended by the means of a special multifunction blade (7).
Solar Receptors The solar receptors are formed by external transparent or translucent tube (2) of a circular, elliptical or other geometric form.
Depending on the use for which they are destined the receptors are either thermal or photovoltaic types. Both types can incorporate a Multifunction Blade (7), which permits them to be used as sunshades or tiles. Fig 3 and 4 show the schematics of a thermal receptor and a photovoltaic receptor respectively.
The following is a description of the individual parts shown on figs 2,3 and 4:
Metallic Cover (1).
This metallic cover is installed on the back half of the receptor and supports the Multifunction Blade (7).
, I I =v External Tube (2) On the thermal receptors this tube is mandatory and forms its external cover.
It supports, protects and thermally isolates the internal parts form the exterior. This transparent tube is made of acrylic (PMMA) or other material which has the characteristics of being UV and weather resistant, has a low thermal conductivity and high transparency to infra red rays. Together with the two covers (8), it assures excellent thermal isolation (0.21WmK as opposed to 1,2 WmK for glass).
Note: The photovoltaic receptors may not have this external tube.
Fixed internal pipe (3) This copper pipe, which is in contact with the rotary internal pipe (4), ensures transmission of the heat into the fluid that flows internally.
Note: Photovoltaic receptors do not have this pipe.
Rotating internal pipe (4) In the thermal receptors only, this pipe transfers the heat collected from the sun through the "Tinox" 0 selective coating".
The pipe is made from copper, welded and laminated to the coating and transfers heat by contact to the fixed internal pipe.
For the photovoltaic receptors the same pipe (in copper or another suitable material) supports the photovoltaic cells and carries the wiring from the receptors and then into the support columns.
Regardless of which type of receptor is being considered, it is this tube that permits the receptors to turn in the Teflon bushes Support blade (5) This blade soldered to the rotary internal pipe (4) it is this that supports the Tinox "selective coating" (or alternative) or the photovoltaic cells.
I
Position cells (6) and Microprocessor (9) One set of five position sensing cells positioned in one of the external tubes (2) and a microprocessor (9) located in one of the technical support columns provide the information and calculations for tracking the sun in azimuth or latitude. The voltage in each of the silicon cells is compared and the values processed to give an error signal. The microprocessor analyses the deviation and drives the servo motor (11), the arm (10) and the rod (12) until symmetry is achieved.
For cloudy days, the microprocessor uses the last good data for a bright day or a predictive algorithm.
Multifunction blade (7) This blade is optional and can be fitted on either type of receptors. It has two distinct functions:
As a 'Sunshade' the blade is placed on either side of the metallic cover (1) and creates shadow to reduce the temperature of buildings, windows, car parks, etc. These blades overlap to produce shade without affecting the efficiency of the receptors.
Alternatively the receivers can be mounted with a 'tile blade', which moves to a closed or open position (Fig 6.b) to protect the area underneath from the sun or rain. When precipitation occurs a moisture sensor located in the support columns sends information to the microprocessor, which automatically drives all the receptors to the closed position. If the rain stops, the receptors return to the normal solar position as calculated by the microprocessor. At night the solar receptors can be automatically sent to the closed position.
Note: Receptors equipped with either tiles or sunshades can be manually controlled to the preferred position.
, Covers (8) The tops of the receptors are closed by metal or plastic covers. For the thermal receptors, the thermal efficiency depends on the characteristics of this cover, which must ensure minimum internal losses. If a metal cover is used, it is also necessary to install a thermal rupture mechanism (fig 7.t) between the cover and the coupling box (fig 7.a). The covers also control the flow of heat within the receiver.
Fig 7. details the metallic cover assembly and other parts of a thermal receptor. These parts are:
Coupling box (a).
This part is welded to the rotating internal pipe (fig 2, 3 (4)), and supports the cover (8).
Cushion (b) This is made of Teflonil) (with good thermal resistance and lubrication properties) and is represented in fig. 2 (13). It supports the coupling box (a), which rotates around it.
Screws (c) They fix the cover (8) to the coupling box (a).
Arm (d) Shown in fig 2 (10), the arm is responsible for the movement of the receptors. It is actuated by the rods (12) connected to the servo motor (11).
Thermal sleeve (e) This assures the thermal isolation of the coupling box (a).
, õ
Thermal gasket (f) This cork gasket thermal isolation of the receptor and the internal heat flows.
Note that the cover cannot touch the coupling box directly.
Relief valve (h) In order to ensure good thermal isolation it is important to ensure that there are no thermal losses between the interior and exterior of the receiver, especially through any free airflow. As previously mentioned, the internal thermal isolation must be complete. On the other hand, the smaller the quantity of air inside the receptor, the less thermal loss, caused by convective airflow, will occur. By means of a natural process it is possible to minimize the quantity of air inside the receptors by installing a one-way valve in one cover. When the internal air temperature rises, the volume of air increases and some air is expelled through the valve. As the internal air temperature falls, the volume cannot decrease so the internal pressure reduces. The greater the difference between the two temperatures, the lower will be the internal pressure and the lower will be the internal losses in the receptor. In the winter, when the temperature is at a minimum, the receptor efficiency is maximized.
In the case of the photovoltaic receptors, the covers are of simpler construction as air may flow freely through them and they need no isolation.
Fig 8 shows a photovoltaic receptor with some common thermal receptor elements. Four elements have been omitted; the thermal sleeve (e); thermal gasket (f); relief valve (h) and the fixed internal pipe (3). Two new elements have been added; the dust filter (8a) and the new gasket with a hole in it.
The cover (8) and gasket (8b) ensure that the internal temperature is the same as ambient.
The gasket (8b) prevents dust from being deposited on the photovoltaic cells.
I =I.
Support columns (B) The solar structure (fig 1 and 2) shows the support columns (B), which house the technical services. These columns form the supporting structure for both types of receptors and contain some of the elements necessary for driving them; servo motor (11); microprocessor (9); wiring, sensors and mechanical parts.
For the thermal receptors the support columns also contain the insulated pipes, safety valves, electro valves, air vents and pumps.
The support columns for the thermal receptors should have good internal insulation.
J I ly ,0 14
Claims (9)
1. A
modular multifunctional solar structure, able to integrate solar structures in buildings by replacing construction elements, able to provide additional shading, able to collect energy from the sun, and able to be placed at any solar position by modules that change direction, the structure comprising:
(a) multiple independent support columns (B) housing technical services; the columns constructed and arranged to be attached to construction elements;
(b) multiple rotary internal pipes (4) rotatably mounted on the support columns;
(c) multiple rotary and receptors selected from the group consisting of: independent thermal receptors, photovoltaic receptors (A) and combinations thereof, having external transparent tubes (2), having two sides, wherein each of the receptors is mounted on one of the rotary internal pipes (4);
(d) multiple cushions (13), the cushions constructed and arranged for supporting and turning the receptors;
(e) a solar tracking system comprising a microprocessor (9) and photo sensitive cells (6) positioned in one of the tubes; the microprocessor (9) electronically controlling servo motors (11), the motors activating arms (10) and rods (12), the rods driving the receptors (A), enabling the receptors to be maintained in a position selected from the group consisting of: a perpendicular and a misaligned position relative to the sun; as to control the temperature;
(f) insulated pipes (14) and fixed internal pipes (3), driving thermal fluid and energy between and through the receptors (A), from columns (B), each of the fixed internal pipes disposed within one of the rotary internal pipes, and (g) a valve (fig. 7, h) installed inside the cover, the valve inducing a slight air depletion (vacuum) such that, as the temperature increases, the air leaves the receptor minimizing the thermal losses and the internal moisture.
modular multifunctional solar structure, able to integrate solar structures in buildings by replacing construction elements, able to provide additional shading, able to collect energy from the sun, and able to be placed at any solar position by modules that change direction, the structure comprising:
(a) multiple independent support columns (B) housing technical services; the columns constructed and arranged to be attached to construction elements;
(b) multiple rotary internal pipes (4) rotatably mounted on the support columns;
(c) multiple rotary and receptors selected from the group consisting of: independent thermal receptors, photovoltaic receptors (A) and combinations thereof, having external transparent tubes (2), having two sides, wherein each of the receptors is mounted on one of the rotary internal pipes (4);
(d) multiple cushions (13), the cushions constructed and arranged for supporting and turning the receptors;
(e) a solar tracking system comprising a microprocessor (9) and photo sensitive cells (6) positioned in one of the tubes; the microprocessor (9) electronically controlling servo motors (11), the motors activating arms (10) and rods (12), the rods driving the receptors (A), enabling the receptors to be maintained in a position selected from the group consisting of: a perpendicular and a misaligned position relative to the sun; as to control the temperature;
(f) insulated pipes (14) and fixed internal pipes (3), driving thermal fluid and energy between and through the receptors (A), from columns (B), each of the fixed internal pipes disposed within one of the rotary internal pipes, and (g) a valve (fig. 7, h) installed inside the cover, the valve inducing a slight air depletion (vacuum) such that, as the temperature increases, the air leaves the receptor minimizing the thermal losses and the internal moisture.
2. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said construction elements are selected from a group consisting of: walls, safety fences of terraces, safety fences of balconies, coverage elements, and tiles.
3. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said support columns are attached to construction elements, at a position in relation to the ground, selected from the group consisting of: negative angles (fig. 5, a), horizontally (fig. 5, b), positive angles (fig. 5, c), and vertically (fig. 5, d).
4. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said thermal receptors further comprise multifunction blades (7) on every exposed side, constructed and arranged to provide a complimentary sunshade as rooftops.
5. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said thermal receptors further comprise multifunction blades (7) on every exposed side, constructed and arranged to provide a tile function as rooftops.
6. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic receptors further comprise multifunction blades (7) on every exposed side, constructed and arranged to provide a complimentary sunshade as rooftops.
7. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic receptors further comprise multifunction blades (7) on every exposed side, constructed and arranged to provide a tile function as rooftops.
8. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said thermal receptors further comprise transparent tubes which are of a shape selected from the group consisting of: an elliptical shape and a geometrical shape other than the elliptical shape.
9. The modular multifunctional solar structure according to claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic receptors further comprise transparent tubes which are of a shape selected from the group consisting of: an elliptical shape and a geometrical shape other than the elliptical shape.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT103479 | 2006-05-12 | ||
| PT103479A PT103479B (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2006-05-12 | MULTIFUNCTION MODULAR SOLAR STRUCTURE |
| PCT/IB2007/051158 WO2007132363A2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-03-30 | Modular multifunctional solar structure (mmss) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2629875A1 CA2629875A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| CA2629875C true CA2629875C (en) | 2013-10-15 |
Family
ID=37188679
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2629875A Expired - Fee Related CA2629875C (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-03-30 | Modular multifunctional solar structure |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9022019B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2018504B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009537005A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101360958B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2007251264B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0706069B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2629875C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2627661T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL191536A0 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT103479B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007132363A2 (en) |
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| KR20100072941A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Blind with solar battery and control method thereof |
| CN201788986U (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-04-06 | 宇威光电股份有限公司 | Solar battery device |
| DK177109B1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-10-03 | Venetian Solar Aps | Window code unit for mounting externally on a building |
| US20150101761A1 (en) * | 2013-05-12 | 2015-04-16 | Solexel, Inc. | Solar photovoltaic blinds and curtains for residential and commercial buildings |
| US9976777B2 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2018-05-22 | Hsiu-Lin Peng | Solar thermal collecting system |
| CN105134046B (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-22 | 零八一电子集团四川红轮机械有限公司 | Cabin door wallboard and linkage shutters set thereof |
| US10407977B2 (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2019-09-10 | Hunter Douglas Inc. | Motorized shutter assembly |
| BE1026034B1 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-09-20 | Pouleyn Nv | A POLYVALENT FENCE AND GATE |
| WO2019180625A2 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | Tso Greenhouses, Llc | Solar tracker system and method for controlling amount of sunlight and maximizing solar energy in a greenhouse |
| CN108756681A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-06 | 安吉腾佳艺家居有限公司 | A kind of wallboard with automatic regulation function |
| CN108691369A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 安吉腾佳艺家居有限公司 | A kind of wallboard |
| US11603702B2 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2023-03-14 | Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc | Wind-driven environmental element operable louver |
| WO2022221868A1 (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-20 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Bearing assembly for tracker assembly and methods of making and using the same |
| CN113969738A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-01-25 | 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 | Intelligent multifunctional louver and working method thereof |
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2006
- 2006-05-12 PT PT103479A patent/PT103479B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2007
- 2007-03-30 JP JP2009508551A patent/JP2009537005A/en active Pending
- 2007-03-30 WO PCT/IB2007/051158 patent/WO2007132363A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-30 BR BRPI0706069-6A patent/BRPI0706069B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-30 AU AU2007251264A patent/AU2007251264B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-30 US US12/094,237 patent/US9022019B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-30 CN CN2007800016239A patent/CN101360958B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-30 CA CA2629875A patent/CA2629875C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-30 EP EP07735347.2A patent/EP2018504B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-30 ES ES07735347.2T patent/ES2627661T3/en active Active
-
2008
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2629875A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| CN101360958A (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| PT103479A (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| ES2627661T3 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
| EP2018504A2 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| JP2009537005A (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| AU2007251264B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
| US20090139565A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
| US9022019B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
| PT103479B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| CN101360958B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| AU2007251264A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| WO2007132363B1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| WO2007132363A2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| IL191536A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
| WO2007132363A3 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
| BRPI0706069B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
| BRPI0706069A2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
| EP2018504B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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