CN101350285A - Discharge tube - Google Patents
Discharge tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN101350285A CN101350285A CNA2008101336442A CN200810133644A CN101350285A CN 101350285 A CN101350285 A CN 101350285A CN A2008101336442 A CNA2008101336442 A CN A2008101336442A CN 200810133644 A CN200810133644 A CN 200810133644A CN 101350285 A CN101350285 A CN 101350285A
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge
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- sparking electrode
- discharge tube
- tube
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 115
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 77
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 77
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 44
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 29
- JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Rb+] JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 21
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 17
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-dimethylpyridine-2,5-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- BROHICCPQMHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium chromate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O BROHICCPQMHYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 14
- 229940105963 yttrium fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 14
- RBORBHYCVONNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Y](F)F RBORBHYCVONNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 11
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WFUBYPSJBBQSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium iodide Inorganic materials [Rb+].[I-] WFUBYPSJBBQSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoindigane Chemical compound Br[In](Br)Br JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910021575 Iron(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910021576 Iron(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910020470 K2Ti4O9 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910020494 K2WO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RLVPGVFSLRLTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Rb+].[I-].I Chemical compound [Rb+].[I-].I RLVPGVFSLRLTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000014987 copper Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-[5-(2,2-dimethylbutyl)-1h-imidazol-2-yl]ethyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound N1C(CC(C)(C)CC)=CN=C1CCC1=CC=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=C1 WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150033765 BAG1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001485 argon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Abstract
A discharge tube 10 formed by forming an airtight envelope 16 by hermetically sealing openings at both ends of a case member 12 made of an insulating material opened at both ends with a pair of cap members 14, 14 that double a discharge electrode, forming a predetermined discharge gap 22 between discharge electrode portions 18, 18 of the cap members 14, 14, forming on an inner wall surface 24 of the case members 12 a plurality of linear triggering discharge films 28 of which both ends are disposed separated by a small discharge gap 26 opposite to the cap members 14, 14 that double a discharge electrode, forming on a surface of the discharge electrode portion 18 a film 30 containing an alkali iodide, and encapsulating a discharge gas containing Kr (krypton) in the airtight envelope 16.
Description
The application is that application number is 200480007264.4 (PCT/JP2004/004785), and the applying date is on September 19th, 2005, and denomination of invention is divided an application for the patent application of " discharge tube and surge absorbing device ".
Technical field
The present invention relates at projector, high-pressure discharge lamps such as the metal halide lamp of automobile, be suitable as in the igniting connector of gas conditioner etc. supply with light a lamp with or the switch discharger of the assigned voltage of igniting usefulness, or be suitable as the discharge tube of the gas discharger (lightning-arrest pipe) that absorbs surge voltage.
Background technology
In the past, at projector, in igniting such as high-pressure discharge lamps such as the metal halide lamp of automobile, the gas conditioner connector etc., as supply light a lamp with or the switch discharger of the assigned voltage of igniting usefulness, use discharge tube.
Do not responded to the surge absorbing device of the surge damage of thunder etc. so far as the electronic circuit of protection electronic equipment, use the nonlinear resistance that constitutes by the high-resistance component that voltage non linear is arranged or discharging gap is housed in various surge absorbing devices such as gas discharger in the gas-tight container.And in this surge absorbing device, in order to realize high responsiveness, more uses will be along the face corona discharge as the surge absorbing device that triggers discharge.
As this kind discharge tube or surge absorbing device, the applicant had before opened in 2003-7420 number the spy and had proposed.This discharge tube (surge absorbing device) 60 as shown in figure 27, by with the double a pair of cover 64,64 of making sparking electrode, the both ends open portion of the columnar case member 62 that will be made of the insulating material of both ends open is hermetic closed, form hermetically sealed 66, the discharge gas of regulation is enclosed in this hermetically sealed 66.
Above-mentioned cover 64 has morely to the outstanding plane sparking electrode portion 68 in the center of hermetically sealed 66, with the junction surface 70 that end face with case member 62 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 68,68 of two covers 64,64, form the discharging gap 72 of regulation.
On the internal face 74 of above-mentioned case member 62, form a pair of triggering discharge film 78,78 that many groups dispose relatively every tiny discharge gap 76.One in a pair of triggering discharge film 78,78 is triggered discharge film 78 and is electrically connected another triggering discharge film 78 and another sparking electrode portion 68 electrical ties with a sparking electrode portion 68.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 68, form the insulating properties tunicle 80 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage.Monomer or mixture that KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) are arranged as this iodide alkaline.
Enclosing discharge gass in the above-mentioned can 66 has the monomer or the mist of inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen.The monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mist and H2 are also arranged.
Behind the voltage more than the discharge ionization voltage that applies this discharge tube 60 between the sparking electrode portion 68,68 of discharge tube 60 with said structure, the electric field that triggering discharges touches the tiny discharge gap 76 between 78,78 is concentrated, therefore at micro discharge gap 76 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Then, this along the face corona discharge by the igniting effect of electronics and transfer to glow discharge.And this glow discharge is shifted to the discharging gap 72 of 68,68 in sparking electrode portion, and is converted to the arc discharge as main discharge.
After surge is added to the surge absorbing device 60 with said structure, triggers the electric field of the tiny discharge gap 76 of 78,78 of discharge films and concentrate, therefore at tiny discharge gap 76 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Then, this is transformed into glow discharge along the face corona discharge by the igniting effect of electronics.And this glow discharge shifts to the discharging gap 72 of 68,68 in sparking electrode portion, converts the arc discharge as main discharge to, carries out the absorption of surge.
Concerning above-mentioned existing discharge tube (surge absorbing device) 60, form the tunicle 80 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage by surface in sparking electrode portion 68, when working with the short like this interval of number ms, or, can both obtain stable discharge ionization voltage usually applying the rise time during fast surge voltage.
Concerning above-mentioned discharge tube (surge absorbing device) 60, even about 2,000,000 times of discharge time, discharge ionization voltage does not have big variation yet, can make 60 long-lives of discharge tube (surge absorbing device).
(1) as mentioned above, by on the surface of sparking electrode portion 68, forming the tunicle 80 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage, can realize the discharge tube that the life-span is long.
Yet, the level that the life characteristic of above-mentioned existing discharge tube 60 can not obtain to satisfy, more long-life discharge tube appears in expectation.
The present invention carries out for adapting to above-mentioned requirements, and its 1st purpose is exactly to realize improving the discharge tube of life characteristic.
(2) at the constituent material of above-mentioned existing discharge tube 60 extensive use oxygen-free coppers as sparking electrode portion 68.Its reason is the sparking electrode portion 68 that constitutes with oxygen-free copper, can not emit impure gases such as oxygen when producing discharge, can not produce baneful influence to the composition of discharge gass in the hermetically sealed 66.
; about 200 ℃ of the softening temperature of oxygen-free copper (fusing point); when constituting above-mentioned sparking electrode 68 with oxygen-free copper; when forming discharge; because sparking electrode portion 68 is subjected to high temperature heat; the sparking electrode portion 68 that is made of oxygen-free copper produces the sputter that melting is dispersed, the main cause that becomes shortening 60 life-spans of discharge tube of this sputter.
The present invention is exactly the invention of doing in view of existing the problems referred to above, and its 2nd purpose is exactly to suppress the sputter of discharge electrode, improves the life characteristic of discharge tube.
(3) and then when constituting sparking electrode portion 68 with oxygen-free copper, produce the decline of following discharge ionization voltage, this also becomes the main cause in short 60 life-spans of discharge tube.
The present invention is exactly the invention of doing in view of existing the problems referred to above, and its 3rd purpose is to realize not producing long-life discharge tube of following discharge ionization voltage decline.
(4) at above-mentioned existing discharge tube 60, as shown in figure 28, the circumferencial direction of case member 62 internal faces 74 every tiny discharge gap 76 relatively a pair of triggerings discharge films 78,78 of configuration form 4 groups with the intervals of 90 degree.Being extensive use of with microgranular graphite is the constituent material of the carbon-based material of primary raw material as this triggering discharge film 78.This triggers electrolemma 78 for example by forming on the internal face 74 that will be coated to case member 62 by the core that the carbon-based material that with graphite is primary raw material constitutes.
Yet, when above-mentioned discharge tube 60 is placed for a long time, because the contained micro-impure gas or the impure gas of sneaking in the sealing process of hermetically sealed 66 are adsorbed onto the surface of sparking electrode portion 68 or tunicle 80 in the discharge gas, the work function of sparking electrode portion 68 or tunicle 80 is changed, its result, the initial stage discharge ionization voltage rises, and can produce the initial stage discharge delay.
Above-mentioned triggering discharge film 78 is to form in order to shoulder the function that prevents relevant initial stage discharge delay by supply initial stage electronics, but as shown in figure 28, divide 4 groups of existing triggerings discharge films 78,78 that form to differ at interval with 90 degree and prevent the initial stage discharge delay surely fully at the circumferencial direction of case member 62 internal faces 74.
In order to graphite is that existing triggering discharge film 78 that the carbon-based material of primary raw material constitutes differs and prevents the initial stage discharge delay surely fully.Be that the existing triggering discharge film 78 that constitutes of the carbon-based material of primary raw material is little with the cohesive force of case member 62 internal faces 74 further, because the intact function that does not become to prevent the initial stage discharge delay is peeled off in the impact during energising etc. easily in order to particulate graphite.
This invention is the invention of doing in view of existing the problems referred to above, and its 4th purpose is to realize preventing the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, do not produce long-life discharge tube of initial stage discharge delay.
(5) at above-mentioned existing discharge tube 60, contain the above-mentioned tunicle 80 of iodide alkaline because the little electronics of work function is emitted characteristic good, the effect that discharge ionization voltage is reduced is arranged, particularly KI (KI) is added in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water, again the adhesive that has added KI is coated to when forming above-mentioned tunicle 80 on the surface of sparking electrode portion 68, the reduction effect of its discharge ionization voltage is significant, and this is good.
Yet use when KI added adhesive later in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water and form above-mentioned tunicle 80, distinguished that discharge tube 60 can exist discharge ionization voltage to carry out the situation of big change when using under hot environment.
The invention that the present invention does just in view of the above problems, its the 5th purpose is to form in the discharge tube of tunicle KI being added the surface that adhesive later in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water is coated to sparking electrode, the discharge tube of the rate of change of the discharge ionization voltage that realization can be suppressed at hot environment when using.
(6) at above-mentioned existing surge absorbing device 60, trigger discharge film 78 owing to make, 78 with have a sparking electrode 68,68 cover 64,64 are electrically connected, separate tiny discharge gap 76 simultaneously and make a pair of triggering discharge film 78,78 configurations relatively, so the electric field intensity of tiny discharge gap 76 is strong, after emitting in a large number, electronics helps the reduction of discharge ionization voltage, the electrode material that 68 sputters of sparking electrode portion are dispersed when forming discharge is attached to a pair of triggering discharge film 78 that disposes relatively, 78 tiny discharge gap 76 is easy to generate and triggers discharge film 78,78 degradation of insulation.
The present invention is in view of the above problems and the invention of carrying out that its 6th purpose is long-life surge absorbing device that realization can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.
Summary of the invention
In order to reach above-mentioned the 1st purpose, the inventor has carried out various researchs and test for the composition material of enclosing the discharge gas in the hermetically sealed, found that, the Kr that atomic weight is big and pyroconductivity is little (krypton) is very effective to the life characteristic that improves discharge tube, is to finish discharge gas of the present invention.
That is, the discharge tube of the 1st aspect is characterised in that according to the present invention, disposes a plurality of sparking electrodes every discharging gap in hermetically sealed, encloses the discharge gas that contains Kr simultaneously in above-mentioned hermetically sealed.
For discharge tube of the present invention, contain the big and discharge gas Kr that pyroconductivity is little of atomic weight and can suppress the consumption of sparking electrode by in hermetically sealed, enclosing because of sputter, can improve the life characteristic of discharge tube.It is the reasons are as follows.
Promptly, the sparking electrode of discharge tube cathode side is owing to be subjected to cationic impact usually and sputter when forming discharge, its result makes the electrode material of cathode side sparking electrode disperse with state of atom, be attached to the inwall of sparking electrode or hermetically sealed and make it melanism, this makes tracking current or hermetically sealed inwall potential change, thereby shortens the discharge tube life-span.
Yet because the atomic weight of Kr is big, when forming discharge ionization the acceleration of Kr ion when flying to the sparking electrode of cathode side little, because of the translational speed of Kr ion slow, Kr ion in moving is got back to ground state, be transformed to heat energy etc. because of conflicting with other molecule, it is little that target is sidelong the impact of electrode, thereby think and can suppress the consumption that sparking electrode causes because of sputter.
Because the Kr pyroconductivity is little, when the Kr ion conflicted with sparking electrode, heat was difficult to conduction and gives sparking electrode, so be difficult for taking place the melting that sparking electrode causes because of heat.Therefore, if contain Kr in the discharge gas, when forming discharge,, also think and to suppress the sputter that causes the sparking electrode melting to disperse even the Kr ion conflicts with sparking electrode.
In discharge tube of the present invention, the mixed gas of available Kr and H2 constitutes above-mentioned discharge gas.Like this, if constitute discharge gas with the mixed gas of Kr and H2, by atomic weight little and also be the H2 of negative polarity gas, can prevent discharge delay effectively, also can prevent the afterflow phenomenon of discharge sustain effectively.
In discharge tube of the present invention, the mixed gas of available Kr and Ar constitutes above-mentioned discharge gas.Like this, if constitute discharge gas,, prevent the discharge delay effect by the little Ar of atomic weight with the mixed gas of Kr and Ar.
Further, in discharge tube of the present invention, can constitute above-mentioned discharge gas with the mixed gas of Kr and Ne.Like this, if constitute discharge gas,, form discharge and become easy by the Ne that discharge ionization voltage reduction effect is arranged with the mixed gas of Kr and Ne.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 2nd purpose, the inventor has carried out various researchs and experiment to the material that constitutes sparking electrode, found that the zirconium copper that contains zirconium in the oxygen-free copper can suppress the sputter of sparking electrode, life characteristic that can effectively raising discharge tube is to finish sparking electrode material of the present invention.
That is, the discharge tube of the 2nd aspect according to the present invention in disposing a plurality of sparking electrodes every discharging gap and it being enclosed discharge tube in the hermetically sealed with discharge gas, is characterized in that constituting above-mentioned sparking electrode with the zirconium copper that contains zirconium in the oxygen-free copper.
For above-mentioned discharge tube, constitute sparking electrode by being used in the zirconium copper that contains zirconium in the oxygen-free copper.Compare with the existing discharge tube 60 that only constitutes sparking electrode with oxygen-free copper, can improve the life characteristic of discharge tube, it be the reasons are as follows.
Promptly, the sparking electrode of cathode side is usually owing to impacted by cation when forming discharge and accept high temperature heat, thereby the sputter that the electrode material melting that makes sparking electrode is dispersed, its as a result the electrode material of the cathode side sparking electrode inwall that is attached to sparking electrode and hermetically sealed make its melanism, this makes the inwall potential change of tracking current and hermetically sealed, thereby shortens the life-span of discharge tube.
; contain its softening temperature of zirconium copper (fusing point) of zirconium in the oxygen-free copper and improved about 2,5 times because compare for 200 ℃ for about 500 ℃ with the softening temperature (fusing point) of oxygen-free copper; by constituting sparking electrode with zirconium copper; improved the heat resistance of sparking electrode; suppress the consumption that sparking electrode causes because of sputter, thereby improved the life characteristic of discharge tube.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 3rd purpose, the inventor has carried out various researchs and experiment to the constituent material and the discharge gas inclosure air pressure of discharge gas, found that, when making its inclosure air pressure be 0.3～5 air pressure simultaneously with argon monomer formation discharge gas, can prevent to follow the reduction of discharge ionization voltage, can improve the life characteristic of discharge tube effectively, thereby finish the present invention.
Promptly, the discharge tube of the 3rd aspect according to the present invention, every a plurality of sparking electrodes that constitute with oxygen-free copper of discharging gap configuration, simultaneously with it in discharge gas is enclosed hermetically sealed, in such discharge tube, it is characterized in that constituting above-mentioned discharge gas, simultaneously this argon is enclosed in the hermetically sealed with 0.3～5 pressure by air pressure with argon.
For above-mentioned discharge tube, enclose in the hermetically sealed with 0.3～5 pressure by air pressure simultaneously owing to constitute discharge gas with argon, can prevent to follow the reduction of discharge ionization voltage, realize long-life discharge tube.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 4th purpose, discharge tube of the present invention, the both ends open portion by the circular cylindrical shell parts that will be made of the insulating material of both ends open of it is characterized in that is with the double a pair of cover gas-tight seal of making sparking electrode, form hermetically sealed, simultaneously in this hermetically sealed, enclose discharge gas, this is external to be disposed between the sparking electrode portion of the above-mentioned cover in the hermetically sealed and to form discharging gap, simultaneously form the discharge tube that its two ends and above-mentioned cover constitute every the triggering discharge film of small discharging gap configuration at the internal face of above-mentioned case member, at the circumferencial direction of case member internal face by uniformly-spaced forming 8～12 above-mentioned triggerings films that discharge.
For above-mentioned discharge tube, trigger the discharge film by circumferencial direction by uniformly-spaced forming 8～12 at the case member internal face, can begin the rising of voltage the initial stage of preventing, realize not long-life discharge tube of early period of origination discharge delay.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 4th purpose, discharge tube of the present invention is such discharge tube, the both ends open portion that it is characterized in that the logical case member that will be made of the insulating material of both ends open is with the double a pair of cover gas-tight seal of making sparking electrode, form hermetically sealed, simultaneously in this hermetically sealed, enclose discharge gas, this is external to be disposed between the sparking electrode portion of the above-mentioned cover in the hermetically sealed and to form discharging gap, forms its two ends and above-mentioned cover every the triggering of the small discharging gap configuration film that discharges at the internal face of above-mentioned case member simultaneously; In order to carbon nano-tube (Carbon nanotube) for the carbon-based material of primary raw material constitutes above-mentioned triggering discharge film.
For above-mentioned discharge tube, because emitting the carbon nano-tube of characteristic good in order to electronics is the carbon-based material formation triggering discharge film of primary raw material, so can supply with the initial stage electronics in a large number, its result can prevent the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, realizes not long-life discharge tube of early period of origination discharge delay.
In order to carbon nano-tube is the triggering discharge film of the present invention of the carbon-based material formation of primary raw material, elongated carbon nano-tube twines pays in case member inner wall surface fine concavo-convex, big with the adhesive force of case member internal face, so peel off hardly, can give full play to the function that prevents the initial stage discharge delay.
In discharge tube of the present invention, also can be used in to soak in the sintered body of carbon nano-tube and amorphous carbon mixture and contain the carbon-based material that silicone oil forms and constitute above-mentioned triggering discharge film.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 5th purpose, discharge tube of the present invention is characterised in that, dispose a plurality of sparking electrodes every discharging gap, simultaneously with it in discharge gas is enclosed hermetically sealed, further the adhesive behind the interpolation KI in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water is coated in the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode, formation contains the tunicle of KI, and making above-mentioned KI is 0.01～23 weight % to the addition of above-mentioned adhesive.
For above-mentioned discharge tube, be 0.01～23 weight % by making KI addition in the adhesive that constitutes by sodium silicate solution and pure water.The rate of change of the discharge ionization voltage in the time of can will use under hot environment is suppressed in no problem in the practicality ± 10%.
In above-mentioned discharge tube, above-mentioned KI addition in above-mentioned adhesive also can be 5～15 weight %.Is under the situation of 5～15 weight % at KI to the addition of adhesive because the rate of change of discharge ionization voltage can be suppressed at ± 5% in, so just better.
In order to reach above-mentioned the 6th purpose, surge absorption piece of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the both ends open portion by the case member that is made of the insulating material of both ends open with the double a pair of cover gas-tight seal of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed, in hermetically sealed, enclose simultaneously discharge gas, this is external to be disposed between the sparking electrode of the above-mentioned cover in the hermetically sealed and to form discharging gap, on the internal face of above-mentioned case member, form its two ends and the triggering discharge film of above-mentioned cover simultaneously, on the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode, form the tunicle that contains iodide alkaline every the relative configuration of tiny discharge gap.
For above-mentioned surge absorbing device, the electrode material that disperses in two the non-cohesive sparking electrode of the tiny discharge gap portions sputter that is arranged at triggering discharge film two ends disposes every tiny discharge gap because trigger the two ends and the double cap of making sparking electrode of discharge film, so as long as just can not produce degradation of insulation.Therefore, surge absorbing device of the present invention is compared with the existing surge absorbing device 60 that forms every a pair of triggering discharge of tiny discharge gap 76 relative configurations film 78,78, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation, can seek the long lifetime of surge absorbing device.
In addition, film is not electrically connected with the double cover of making sparking electrode above-mentioned surge absorbing device because triggering is discharged, so can suppress the electronics discharging amount of tiny discharge gap, also because on the surface of discharge electrode portion, form and contain the little and electronics of work function and emit the tunicle of the iodide alkaline of characteristic good, so can guarantee high response.
In above-mentioned surge absorbing device, the monomer or the mixture of KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide (PbI) for example arranged as above-mentioned iodide alkaline.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of expression the 1st discharge tube of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of expression the 1st discharge tube of the present invention and existing discharge tube and discharge ionization voltage.
Fig. 3 is the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of expression the 1st discharge tube of the present invention and existing discharge tube and discharge ionization voltage.
Fig. 4 is the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of expression the 1st discharge tube of the present invention and existing discharge tube and discharge ionization voltage.
Fig. 5 is the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of expression the 1st discharge tube of the present invention and existing discharge tube and discharge ionization voltage.
Fig. 6 is the profile of expression the present invention the 2nd discharge tube.
Fig. 7 is the profile of expression the present invention the 3rd discharge tube.
Fig. 8 is the figure that moves that direct-current discharge begins voltage when representing of the present invention will work at interval with 100ms with the 3rd discharge tube in the 2 air pressure inclosure hermetically sealed by the discharge gas that argon constitutes.
Fig. 9 when to be the expression discharge gas that will be made of argon with 6 air pressure enclose discharge tube in the hermetically sealed and work at interval with 100ms direct-current discharge begin the mobile figure of voltage.
Figure 10 be the expression discharge gas that will constitute by argon with 2 air pressure enclose in the hermetically sealed the 3rd discharge tube of the present invention and with the mist of argon, neon and H2 with the discharge time of the discharge tube in the 2 air pressure inclosure hermetically sealed and follow the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 11 is the profile of expression the present invention the 4th discharge tube.
Figure 12 is the B-B profile of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is that expression forms the relation and the discharge time of the discharge time of 8 the 4th discharge tubes of the present invention that trigger the discharge films and initial stage discharge ionization voltage and follows the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 14 is that expression forms the relation and the discharge time of the discharge time of 10 the 4th discharge tubes of the present invention that trigger the discharge films and initial stage discharge ionization voltage and follows the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 15 is that expression forms the relation and the discharge time of the discharge time of 12 the 4th discharge tubes of the present invention that trigger the discharge films and initial stage discharge ionization voltage and follows the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 16 is that expression forms the discharge time of 4 discharge tubes that trigger the discharge films and the relation of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 17 is that expression forms the discharge time of 6 discharge tubes that trigger the discharge films and the relation of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 18 is that expression forms the discharge time of 14 discharge tubes that trigger the discharge films and the relation of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Figure 19 is the profile of expression the present invention the 5th discharge tube.
Figure 20 is that expression is used and silicone oil soaked that the carbon-based material that forms in the sintered body that contains carbon nano-tube and amorphous carbon mixture constitutes the 5th discharge tube of the present invention that triggers the discharge film and is the curve chart that the carbon-based material of primary raw material constitutes the relation of the discharge time of the discharge tube that triggers the film that discharges and initial stage discharge ionization voltage in order to graphite.
Figure 21 is the profile of the present invention's the 6th discharge tube.
Figure 22 is the C-C profile of Figure 21.
The curve chart of Figure 23 relation that to be expression KI (KI) begin voltage regulation to the addition and the direct-current discharge of adhesive.
Figure 24 is the profile of expression surge absorbing device of the present invention.
Figure 25 is the cooperation ratio of expression KI and the curve chart of the relation that direct-current discharge begins voltage.
Figure 26 is the cooperation ratio of expression KI and the curve chart of the relation that pulsed discharge begins voltage.
Figure 27 is the profile of the existing discharge tube of expression (surge absorbing device).
Figure 28 is the A-A profile of Figure 27.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention.The 1st discharge tube 10 is corresponding with claims 1～4.
The 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, the both ends open portion by the columnar case member 12 that is made of the insulating material such as pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 have to the outstanding bigger plane sparking electrode portion 18 in the center of hermetically sealed 16 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.
Form a plurality of linear triggerings discharge films 28 on the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, the two ends of said triggering discharge film 28 and the double above-mentioned cover 14,14 of sparking electrode of doing are every tiny discharge gap 26 relative configurations.This triggers conductive material formations such as discharge film 28 usefulness carbon-based materials.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18, form the tunicle 30 of the insulating properties that contains iodide alkaline.This tunicle 30 by adding KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (PbI) in the adhesive that will constitute by sodium silicate solution and pure water monomer or surface that the adhesive behind the mixture is coated to sparking electrode portion 18 on form.
In this case, press the monomer or the mixture of the iodide alkaline of 0.01～70 weight %, the cooperation mixed of the adhesive of 99.99～30 weight %.Sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is the sodium silicate solution of 0.01～70 weight % and the pure water of 99.99～30 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water.
In above-mentioned tunicle 30, add in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr), indium bromide (InBr), cobaltous bromide (CoBr), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) more than a kind after, the stabilisation that further can seek the discharge ionization voltage of the 1st discharge tube 10.
Even, also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 1st discharge tube 10 with adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide more than a kind in barium chloride (BaCl), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9).
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
In above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclose the discharge gas that contains the Kr that atomic weight is big and pyroconductivity is little (krypton).
Owing in discharge gas, contain the Kr that atomic weight is big and pyroconductivity is little (krypton), can improve the life characteristic of the 1st discharge tube 10.This thinks because following reason.
Promptly, the sparking electrode portion 18 of cathode side is subjected to cation impact sputter because of forming usually when discharging, its as a result the electrode material of the sparking electrode portion 18 of cathode side be state of atom and disperse, attached on the inwall of sparking electrode portion 18 and hermetically sealed 16 and make its melanism, the inwall potential change that this makes tracking current and hermetically sealed 16 makes the lost of life of discharge tube.
Yet because the atomic weight of Kr is big, acceleration when the Kr ion of ionization flies to cathode side sparking electrode 18 when forming discharge is little, because the translational speed of Kr ion is slow, the Kr ion returned ground state during moved at the place, be transformed into heat energy etc. owing to conflicting with other molecule, the impact that adds to cathode side sparking electrode 18 is little, thinks and can suppress the consumption that sparking electrode portion 18 causes because of sputter.
Because the pyroconductivity of Kr is little, when the Kr ion conflicts with sparking electrode portion 18, so be difficult for taking place of the melting of sparking electrode portion 18 because of heat because heat is difficult to be transmitted to sparking electrode portion 18.If thereby contain Kr in the discharge gas, even the Kr ion conflicts with sparking electrode portion 18 when forming discharge, also think and can suppress sputter that 18 meltings of sparking electrode portion are dispersed.
In addition, constitute at the Kr monomer big under the situation of discharge gas with atomic weight, opposite with the long-life, because causing guiding discharge characteristics such as discharge delay takes place slowly, the translational speed of Kr descends, so wish to mix use with other gas.
For example, little and be the H2 of negative polarity gas if constitute discharge gas by means of atomic weight with the mist of Kr and H2, can prevent discharge delay, also effective to the afterflow phenomenon that prevents continuous discharge.
If the mist with Kr and Ar constitutes discharge gas, and is effective to preventing discharge delay by the Ar that atomic weight is little.Also can further be mixed into H2 in the mist of Kr and Ar in addition, it is also effective to preventing the afterflow phenomenon simultaneously at this moment further to improve response performance by H2.
Further, if constitute discharge gas,, form discharge easily by the Ne that reduces the discharge ionization voltage effect is arranged with the mist of Kr and Ne.
When constituting discharge gas with the mist of the mist of the mist of above-mentioned Kr and H2, Kr and Ne, Kr and Ar, gas that Kr mixes with three kinds of Ar and H2, the mixed of the most handy 3～95 volume % of Kr.
That is, the mixed proportion of Kr not too can obtain the effect that life characteristic improves during less than 3 volume %, on the other hand, when the mixed proportion of Kr surpasses 95 volume %, makes flash-over characteristic descend too greatly.
For the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 with above-mentioned formation, apply the voltage more than the discharge ionization voltage of the 1st discharge tube 10 at double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode after, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Should shift by the igniting effect of electronics along the face corona discharge then and be glow discharge.And this glow discharge changes the arc discharge as main discharge into to discharging gap 22 transfers of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion.In the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention,, can realize high response owing to utilize fast the discharging as triggering of original response speed that produces at tiny discharge gap 26 along the face corona discharge.
The triggering discharge film 28,28 of the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention owing to be not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, can suppress the electric field concentrations in the tiny discharge gap 26, and its result can obtain stable discharge ionization voltage.
Promptly, as existing discharge tube 60, after triggering discharge film 78,78 and the double cover 64,64 of making sparking electrode being electrically connected, because the electric field intensity of tiny discharge gap 76 is strong, easily a large amount of ejected electrons, the electronics discharging amount of each discharge is unstable easily, and guiding discharge as a result begins the instability of voltage.
In contrast, concerning the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10, because triggering discharge film 28,28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, so a little less than the electric field intensity of tiny discharge gap 26, can suppress the electronics discharging amount, the electronics discharging amount of each discharge is stable, and the result can obtain stable discharge ionization voltage.
As mentioned above, concerning the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention,, can suppress the consumption that sparking electrode 18 causes because of sputter by in hermetically sealed 16, enclosing the discharge gas contain the big and Kr that pyroconductivity is little of atomic weight, compare with existing discharge tube 60, can improve life characteristic.
As Fig. 2～shown in Figure 5, the inventor is set at the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 and the existing discharge tube 60 of 800V for discharge ionization voltage, carries out the test of discharge time and discharge ionization voltage relation.
That is, to be expression constitute the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 of discharge gas and with the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of the existing discharge tube 60 of the mist formation discharge gas of Ar, Ne and H2 and discharge ionization voltage with Kr monomer (100 volume %) to Fig. 2.
To be expression constitute the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 of discharge gas and with the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of the existing discharge tube 60 of the mist formation discharge gas of Ar, Ne and H2 and discharge ionization voltage with Kr (20 volume %) and the mist of Ar (80 volume %) to Fig. 3.
To be expression constitute the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 of discharge gas and with the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of the existing discharge tube 60 of the mist formation discharge gas of Ar, Ne and H2 and discharge ionization voltage with Kr (10 volume %) and the mist of Ar (90 volume %) to Fig. 4.
To be expression constitute the present invention's the 1st discharge tube 10 of discharge gas and with the curve chart of the relation of the discharge time of the existing discharge tube 60 of the mist formation discharge gas of Ar, Ne and H2 and discharge ionization voltage with Kr (5 volume %) and the mist of Ar (95 volume %) to Fig. 5.
Shown in the result of the test of Fig. 2～Fig. 5, concerning existing discharge tube 60, surpass near about 2,000,000 times from discharge time, discharge ionization voltage changes significantly and can't use, in contrast, even the 1st discharge tube 10 discharge times of the present invention surpass 1,000 ten thousand times, discharge ionization voltage also is stable.The discharge gas that contains Kr like this by use can be realized the long lifetime of the 1st discharge tube 10.
In addition, the ratio of Kr is no matter be 100 volume % situations or 5 volume % situations in the discharge gas, and the life characteristic of discharge tube 10 is no change almost, even thereby to contain the ratio of Kr in the discharge gas little, also can both obtain the effect that life characteristic fully improves.
For the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention, because the surface in sparking electrode portion 18 forms the tunicle 30 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage, so when using the 1st discharge tube 10 as the switch discharger, acceptance usually can stably be worked with the discharge ionization voltage of regulation to count the short like this interval of ms from the high-voltage pulse (more than hundreds of Hz) of not shown capacitor.
Further, when using the 1st discharge tube 10 of the present invention as gas discharger, even under the situation that applies fast surge voltage of rise time, also be difficult for producing " fluctuating " of the so-called discharge ionization voltage that makes this discharge ionization voltage change, can stably work with existing fixed discharge ionization voltage.
Promptly, " fluctuating " phenomenon of discharge ionization voltage, be because when surge voltage is added to the 1st discharge tube 10, the phenomenon of conflicting with the discharge gas molecule its ionization two level emission effects (γ effect) that to be the α effect of ion and electronics and ionized ion with the tunicle 30 on sparking electrode portion 18 surfaces conflict sends two level electronics all can not stably be carried out producing as the initial stage electronics of discharge kindling material and ion.
Yet, for purposes of the invention, because the iodide alkaline that contains in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 has the character that easily makes the discharge gas molecular ionization, so in hermetically sealed 16, there is a large amount of ions, the result is because of demonstrating stable α effect and two secondary electron emission effects (γ effect), so be difficult for producing " fluctuating " of discharge ionization voltage.
Fig. 6 illustrates the present invention's the 2nd discharge tube 40.This 2nd discharge tube 40 is corresponding with claim 5.The component parts identical with above-mentioned the 1st discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
The 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention as shown in Figure 6, the both ends open portion by the columnar case member 12 that is made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 has the junction surface 20 that big outstanding plane sparking electrode portion 18 is arranged and join with the end face of case member 12 to the center of hermetically sealed 16, at 18,18 discharging gaps 22 that form regulation of sparking electrode portion of two covers 14,14.The junction surface 20 of the end face of case member 12 and cover 14 is hermetically sealed by encapsulants such as silver solder (not shown).
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form its two ends and trigger discharge film 28 every a plurality of wire of tiny discharge gap 26 relative configurations with the double above-mentioned cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode.This triggering discharge film 28 is made of conductive materials such as carbon-based materials.
The above-mentioned cover 14 that has sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 is made of the zirconium copper that contains zirconium (Zr) in oxygen-free copper.
Like this, constitute sparking electrode portion 18, compare, can improve the life characteristic of the 2nd discharge tube 40 with the existing discharge tube 60 that constitutes sparking electrode portion 68 with oxygen-free copper by being used in the zirconium copper that contains zirconium in the oxygen-free copper.It is the reasons are as follows.
Promptly, cathode side sparking electrode portion 18 is subjected to cationic impact and accepts high temperature heat owing to forming usually when discharging, the sputter that generation is dispersed the electrode material melting of sparking electrode 18, its result, the electrode material of cathode side sparking electrode portion 18 is attached on the inwall of sparking electrode portion 18 and hermetically sealed 16 and makes its melanism, the inwall potential change that this makes tracking current and hermetically sealed 16 makes the lost of life of discharge tube.
Yet, the softening temperature (fusing point) that contains the zirconium copper of zirconium in the oxygen-free copper is 500 ℃ approximately, about 2.5 times have been improved because compare with about 200 ℃ of softening temperatures of oxygen-free copper, by constituting sparking electrode portion 18 with zirconium copper, the heat resistance of sparking electrode portion 18 is improved, can suppress the consumption of sparking electrode portion 18, improve the life characteristic of the 2nd discharge tube 40 because of sputter.And concerning zirconium because the effect of getter is arranged, so can obtain the effect of the raising flash-over characteristic that the getter effect produces.
Even containing the zirconium copper of zirconium in oxygen-free copper constitutes under the situation of sparking electrode portion 18, identical with existing situation with oxygen-free copper formation sparking electrode 68, can not emit impure gases such as oxygen when forming discharge, can not cause bad influence the composition of the discharge gas in the hermetically sealed 16.
The thermal coefficient of expansion of zirconium copper and the thermal coefficient of expansion of oxygen-free copper about equally, so even when constituting cover 14, to not producing obstacle with engaging of the cover 12 that constitutes by pottery with zirconium copper.
Form the tunicle 30 of the insulating properties that contains iodide alkaline on the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18.This tunicle 30 is to form by having added KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), the monomer of rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) or the surface that the later adhesive of mixture is coated to sparking electrode portion 18 in the adhesive that will be made of silicate solution and pure water.
At this moment, be 0.01～70 weight % with the monomer or the mixture of iodide alkaline, adhesive is that the cooperation ratio of 99.99～30 weight % is mixed.Sodium silicate solution in the adhesive cooperates ratio with pure water be sodium silicate solution 0.01～70 weight %, pure water 99.99～30 weight %.
Cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides more than a kind such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) can further be made the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation of the 2nd discharge tube 40 when adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30.
With adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide more than a kind in barium chloride (BaCl), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9), also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 2nd discharge tube 40.
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
In above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclose the discharge gas of regulation.This discharge gas for example is the monomer or the mist of inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen.Also can be the monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mist and H2.
Identical with the 1st discharge tube 10, by in above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclosing the discharge gas that contains the Kr that atomic weight is big and pyroconductivity is little (krypton), can improve the life characteristic of the 2nd discharge tube 40.
Concerning having the 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention of above-mentioned formation, during voltage more than double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode apply the discharge ionization voltage of the 2nd discharge tube 40, tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields 14,14 of the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 and covers are concentrated, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, produce as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.This transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the electronic ignition effect subsequently.And this glow discharge shifts to the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion, and transfers the arc discharge as main discharge to.At the 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention, owing to utilize fast the discharging as triggering of original response speed that produces at tiny discharge gap 26 along the face corona discharge, so can realize high response.
The triggering discharge film 28,28 of the 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention can suppress the electric field concentrations in the tiny discharge gap 26 owing to be not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, and the result can obtain stable discharge ionization voltage.
Promptly, as existing discharge tube 60, when triggering discharge film 78,78 is electrically connected with the double cover 64,64 of making sparking electrode, because the electric field intensity in the tiny discharge gap 76 is strong, electronics is easily emitted in a large number, it is unstable that the electronics discharging amount of each discharge easily becomes, and its guiding discharge as a result begins spread of voltage.
In contrast, concerning the 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention, because triggering discharge film 28,28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, so a little less than the electric field intensity in the tiny discharge gap 26, the discharging amount that suppresses electronics, the electronics discharging amount of each discharge is stable, and the result can obtain stable discharge ionization voltage.
As mentioned above, concerning the 2nd discharge tube 40 of the present invention, be used in the zirconium copper that contains zirconium in the oxygen-free copper and constitute sparking electrode portion 18, because the fusing point of this zirconium copper is higher approximately 2.5 times than oxygen-free copper, compare with the existing discharge tube 60 that constitutes sparking electrode portion 68 with oxygen-free copper, the thermal endurance of sparking electrode portion 18 improves, and its result can suppress to form the consumption that the sparking electrode portion 18 when discharging causes because of sputter, can improve the life characteristic of second discharge tube 40.
Fig. 7 illustrates the 3rd discharge tube 42 of the present invention.This 3rd discharge tube 42 is corresponding with claim 6.The component parts identical with above-mentioned the 1st discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
The 3rd discharge tube 42 of the present invention as shown in Figure 7, the both ends open portion of the columnar case member 12 that is made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open by double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 possess to the outstanding bigger plane sparking electrode portion 18 in the center of hermetically sealed 16 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.Encapsulants (not shown) such as the junction surface 20 logical silver solders of the end face of case member 12 and cover 14 are hermetically sealed.Above-mentioned discharging gap 22 for example is about 1.5mm.
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form its two ends and the double triggering discharge film 28 of doing the above-mentioned cover 14,14 of sparking electrode every a plurality of wire of tiny discharge gap 26 relative configurations.This triggers conductive material formations such as discharge film 28 usefulness carbon-based materials.
The above-mentioned cover 14 usefulness oxygen-free coppers that have sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 constitute.The sparking electrode portion 18 that constitutes with oxygen-free copper can not emit impure bodies such as oxygen when forming discharge, can not produce bad influence to the composition of the discharge gas in the hermetically sealed 16.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18, form the tunicle 30 of the insulating properties that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge voltage.This tunicle 30 is coated to by adding the monomer of KI (KI), sodium iodide (Na1), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) or mixture to behind the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water adhesive that the surface of sparking electrode portion 18 forms.
At this moment, be 0.01～70 weight % with the monomer or the mixture of iodide alkaline, adhesive is that the cooperation ratio of 99.99～30 weight % mixes them.Sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is that sodium silicate solution is 0.01～70 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water, pure water 99.99～30 weight %.-
With in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) add in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 more than a kind the time, can further make the discharge ionization voltage of the 3rd discharge tube 42 stable.
In addition with in barium chloride (BaC1), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9) more than a kind with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide, add in the above-mentioned tunicle 30, also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 3rd discharge tube 42.
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
In addition, the above-mentioned tunicle 30 of insulating properties that contains iodide alkaline is because work function is little, electronics is emitted characteristic good, the effect that discharge ionization voltage is descended is arranged, particularly, KI (KI) being added to when forming tunicle 30 in the adhesive that constitutes by sodium silicate solution and pure water, the effect of remarkable reduction discharge ionization voltage is arranged.
At this moment, when the cooperation ratio of adding the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution is 1: 1 with the ratio that cooperates of pure water) to surpasses 40 weight %, KI becomes saturated to the solubility of adhesive, owing to more than it, do not dissolve, so the cooperation ratio of KI is preferably in the scope of 0.1 weight %～40 weight %, when the cooperation ratio of KI is 40 weight %, the reduction effect maximum of discharge ionization voltage.
To enclose in the above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16 by the discharge gas that argon constitutes with 0.3～5 pressure by air pressure.
So, enclose in the hermetically sealed 16 by the discharge gas that will constitute by argon, can prevent the reduction of the 2nd later discharge ionization voltage (following discharge ionization voltage) below the first discharge ionization voltage (initial stage discharge ionization voltage) when the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42 usefulness official hours are worked at interval repeatedly with 0.3～5 pressure by air pressure.
The air pressure of enclosing argon in hermetically sealed 16 is the reasons are as follows of 0.3～5 air pressure range.Promptly enclose air pressure when lower than 0.3 air pressure because the molecular weight gas in the hermetically sealed 16 lacks, cation does not conflict with gas molecule and the ratio height that conflict with cathode side sparking electrode portion 18 when forming discharge, the sputter amount of cathode side sparking electrode portion 18 increase as a result.And the electrode material of the cathode side sparking electrode portion 18 of sputter has dispersed with state of atom, because on one side on the inwall of adsorption gas molecule one side attached to hermetically sealed 16, so that the composition of the discharge gas in the hermetically sealed 16 is rotten, the result makes the discharge ionization voltage instability.
On the other hand, when enclosing air pressure and being higher than 5 air pressure, being easy to generate between the part that electric field concentrates of sparking electrode portion 18,18, have the situation that forms partial discharge with low-voltage, discharge beginning electricity is also unstable.
Therefore, the inclosure air pressure of argon is suitable in the scope of 0.3～5 above-mentioned air pressure.
Concerning above-mentioned the 3rd discharge tube 42 of the present invention, during voltage more than double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode apply the discharge ionization voltage of the 3rd discharge tube 42, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Subsequently, this transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the igniting effect of electronics.And this glow discharge is shifted to the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion, transfers the arc discharge as main discharge to.At the 3rd discharge tube 42 of the present invention, owing to utilize fast the discharging as triggering of original response speed that produces at tiny discharge gap 26 along the face corona discharge, so can realize high response.
Each of the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42 triggers the two ends of discharge film 28, because dispose every tiny discharge gap with the double above-mentioned cover of making sparking electrode 14,14, so be arranged at two tiny discharge gaps 26 that trigger discharge film 28 two ends, as long as degradation of insulation just can not take place in the electrode material that 18 sputters of non-cohesive sparking electrode portion are dispersed.Therefore, the 3rd discharge tube 42 of the present invention is compared with the existing discharge tube 60 that forms every a pair of triggering discharge of tiny discharge gap 76 relative configurations film 78,78, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.
At this moment, because triggering discharge film 28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, can suppress the electronics discharging amount in the tiny discharge gap 26, because contain the tunicle 30 that the little electronics of work function is emitted the iodide alkaline of characteristic good in the formation of the surface of sparking electrode portion 18, so also can guarantee high response.
As mentioned above,,, the decline of following discharge ionization voltage can be do not produced, long-life discharge tube can be realized by in hermetically sealed 16, enclosing the discharge gas that constitutes by argon with 0.3～5 pressure by air pressure concerning the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42.
Fig. 8 will be enclosed in the hermetically sealed 16 by the discharge gas that argon constitutes with 2 air pressure, make its direct-current discharge begin the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42 that voltage is set in 800V expression direct-current discharge when working at interval and begin the figure that voltage is passed with 100ms, as shown in the drawing, concerning this 3rd discharge tube 42, be interpreted as that following discharge ionization voltage often is stabilized in about specified 800V.
On the other hand, Fig. 9 will be enclosed in the hermetically sealed 16 by the discharge gas that argon constitutes with 6 air pressure, make its direct-current discharge begin discharge tube that voltage the is set in 800V direct-current discharge of representing when working at interval and begin the figure that voltage is passed with 100ms, as shown in the drawing, under the situation of this discharge tube, often follow the discharge ionization voltage situation lower than specified 800V, extremely unstable.
Figure 10 is that discharge gas that expression will be made of argon with 2 air pressure is enclosed the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42 in the hermetically sealed 16 and the mist of argon (40%), neon (40%) and H2 (20%) enclosed the discharge time and the curve chart of following the relation of discharge ionization voltage of the discharge tube in the hermetically sealed 16 with 2 air pressure.Shown in this curve chart, the mist of argon, neon and H2 is being enclosed under the situation (curve B of Figure 10) of the discharge tube in the hermetically sealed 16, reached before 400,000 times at discharge time, follow discharge ionization voltage and descend, can not use, in contrast, under the situation (curve A of Figure 10) of the present invention's the 3rd discharge tube 42, even discharge time surpasses 1,000,000 times, follow discharge ionization voltage and also do not have big variation, realize long lifetime.
Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrate the 4th discharge tube 44 of the present invention.This 4th discharge tube 44 is corresponding with claim 7.The component parts identical with above-mentioned discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
The 4th discharge tube 44 of the present invention is as Figure 11 and shown in Figure 12, and the both ends open portion by the columnar case member 12 that is made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 have to the outstanding bigger plane sparking electrode portion 18 in the center of hermetically sealed 16 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.This discharging gap 22 for example is about 1.5mm.
The zirconium copper that has the above-mentioned cover 14 usefulness oxygen-free coppers at sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 or contain zirconium (Zr) in oxygen-free copper constitutes.The junction surface 20 of the end face of case member 12 and cover 14 is by encapsulants such as silver solder (not shown) gas-tight seal.
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form its two ends and the double triggering discharge film 28 of doing the above-mentioned cover 14,14 of sparking electrode every a plurality of wire of tiny discharge gap 26 configurations.In Figure 11 and Figure 12, the circumferencial direction that is illustrated in the internal face 24 of case member 12 forms 8 situations that trigger discharge film 28 at interval with 45 degree, this is an example, above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 at the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 by uniformly-spaced forming 8-12.
Conductive materials such as above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 usefulness carbon-based materials constitute.This triggers discharge film 28 and for example forms by the core that coating is made of carbon-based material.
Therefore, be 4.6mm at the total length L of above-mentioned cover (with reference to Figure 11), inside diameter D
1When (with reference to Figure 12) was 6mm, the length setting of above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 was 3mm, and width setup is 0.57mm.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18, form the tunicle 30 of the insulating properties that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage.This tunicle 30 is by being coated to sparking electrode portion 18 surfaces and forming having added the monomer of KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) or the adhesive behind the mixture in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water.
At this moment, be 0.01～70 weight % with the monomer or the mixture of iodide alkaline, adhesive is that the cooperation ratio of 99.99～30 weight % mixes them.Sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is sodium silicate solution 0.01～70 weight % pure water 99.99～30 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water.
With a kind in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) when adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30, can further make the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation of the 4th discharge tube 44.
Even, also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 4th discharge tube 44 with adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide more than a kind in barium chloride (BaC1), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9).
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
In addition, contain the insulating properties tunicle 30 of iodide alkaline because work function is little, electronics is emitted characteristic good and the effect that discharge ionization voltage is reduced is arranged, particularly, KI (KI) is being added to when forming tunicle 30 in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water, the effect that discharge ionization voltage is descended is significant.
At this moment, when the cooperation ratio of adding the KI of adhesive (sodium silicate solution is 1: 1 with the ratio that cooperates of pure water) to surpasses 40 weight %, because KI becomes saturated to the solubility of adhesive, more than it, do not dissolve, so the cooperation ratio of KI is preferably in the scope of 0.1 weight %～40 weight %, when the cooperation ratio of KI is 40 weight %, the decline effect maximum of discharge ionization voltage.
In above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclose the discharge gas of regulation.Monomer or mixture that inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen are for example arranged as this discharge gas.The monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mixture and H2 are also arranged.
Concerning above-mentioned the 4th discharge tube 44 of the present invention, during voltage more than double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode apply the discharge ionization voltage of the 4th discharge tube 44, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Subsequently, this transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the igniting effect of electronics.And this glow discharge is shifted to the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion, and changes the arc discharge as main discharge into.
And, concerning the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44, trigger discharge films 28 by circumferencial direction by uniformly-spaced forming 8～12, can prevent the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, can realize not producing long-life discharge tube of initial stage discharge delay along the internal face 24 of case member 12.In addition, the initial stage discharge ionization voltage is called the first discharge ionization voltage when discharge tube is worked repeatedly, the 2nd later discharge ionization voltage below this initial stage discharge ionization voltage is called follows discharge ionization voltage.
That is, the triggering discharge film 28 that forms on the internal face 24 of case member 12 is 7 when following, and the quantity delivered deficiency of initial stage electronics can not prevent the initial stage discharge delay fully.
On the other hand, the triggering discharge film 28 that forms at the internal face 24 of case member 12 is at 13 when above, can suppress the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, trigger the main discharge that discharge does not transfer 18,18 in sparking electrode portion to, triggering discharge film 28 discharge sustain, the result produces the such problem of discharge ionization voltage decline of following.
Therefore, triggering discharge film 28 is suitable at the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 with uniformly-spaced forming 8～12 as mentioned above.
Figure 13～Figure 15 is that the expression direct-current discharge begins the relation and the discharge time of the discharge time of the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44 that voltage is set at 800V and initial stage discharge ionization voltage and follows the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
Promptly, Figure 13 is that the circumferencial direction that is illustrated in the internal face 24 of case member 12 forms at interval 8 the present invention's the 4th discharge tubes 44 that trigger discharge films 28 by 45 degree, relation of discharge time and initial stage discharge ionization voltage (A of Figure 13) and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 13) of discharge ionization voltage.Figure 14 is that the circumferencial direction that is illustrated in the internal face 24 of case member 12 forms at interval 10 the present invention's the 4th discharge tubes 44 that trigger discharge films 28 by 36 degree, relation of discharge time and initial stage discharge ionization voltage (A of Figure 14) and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 14) of discharge ionization voltage.Further, Figure 15 is that the circumferencial direction that is illustrated in the internal face 24 of case member 12 forms at interval 12 the present invention's the 4th discharge tubes 44 that trigger discharge films 28 by 30 degree, relation of discharge time and initial stage discharge ionization voltage (A of Figure 15) and discharge time and follow the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 15) of discharge ionization voltage.
On the other hand, Figure 16～Figure 18 is expression as to the relation and the discharge time of the discharge time of the discharge tube of the comparative example of the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44 and initial stage discharge ionization voltage and follow the curve chart of the relation of discharge ionization voltage.
That is, Figure 16 is expression as forming the relation (A of Figure 16) and the discharge time of the discharge time of 4 comparative example discharge tubes that trigger discharge films 28 and initial stage discharge ionization voltage along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 at interval by 90 degree and following the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 16) of discharge ionization voltage.Figure 17 is expression as forming the relation (A of Figure 17) and the discharge time of the discharge time of 6 comparative example discharge tubes that trigger discharge films 28 and initial stage discharge ionization voltage along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 by the intervals of 60 degree and following the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 17) of discharge ionization voltage.And then Figure 18 is expression as forming the relation (A of Figure 18) and the discharge time of the discharge time of 14 comparative example discharge tubes that trigger discharge films 28 and initial stage discharge ionization voltage along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 at interval by 26 degree and following the curve chart of the relation (B of Figure 18) of discharge ionization voltage.
As Figure 13～shown in Figure 15, along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 by forming between waiting under the situation of the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44 that 8 (Figure 13), 10 (Figure 14), 12 (Figure 15) trigger discharge film 28, discharge time was surpassed 1,000,000 times, the initial stage discharge ionization voltage does not have big variation yet, thereby can not produce the initial stage discharge delay, can realize the long-life.For the 4th discharge tube 44 of the present invention shown in Figure 13～15, follow discharge ionization voltage and also stablize.
In contrast, as Figure 16 and shown in Figure 17, along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 by forming between waiting under the situation of comparative example discharge tube that 4 (Figure 16), 6 (Figure 17) trigger discharge film 28, rise the early period of origination discharge delay from 200,000 left and right sides initial stages of discharge time discharge ionization voltage.
In addition as shown in figure 18, along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 by the situation that forms 14 comparative example discharge tubes that trigger discharge films 28 between waiting under, the same with the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44, can suppress the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, but about about 600,000 times from discharge time, follow discharge ionization voltage and begin to descend, be not suitable for using.
Because the two ends that each of the present invention's the 4th discharge tube 44 triggers discharge film 28 and the double above-mentioned cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode be every tiny discharge gap 26 configurations, as long as just degradation of insulation can not take place being arranged at the electrode material that 18 sputters of the non-cohesive sparking electrode of two tiny discharge gaps 26 that trigger discharge film 28 two ends portion disperse.Therefore, the 4th discharge tube 44 of the present invention is compared with the existing discharge tube 60 of the film 78,78 that discharges every a pair of triggering of tiny discharge gap 26 relative configurations, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.
At this moment, because triggering discharge film 28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, can suppress electric field intensity in the tiny discharge gap 26, as mentioned above, contain the tunicle 30 that the little and electronics of work function is emitted the iodide alkaline of characteristic good because on the surface of sparking electrode portion 18, form, so without detriment to high responsiveness.
Figure 19 illustrates the present invention's the 5th discharge tube 46.This 5th discharge tube 46 is corresponding with claim 8 and 9.The component parts identical with above-mentioned the 1st discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
The present invention's the 5th discharge tube 46 as shown in figure 19, the both ends open portion by the circular cylindrical shell parts 12 that are made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cap 14 have to the outstanding bigger plane sparking electrode portion 18 in the center of hermetically sealed 16 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.This discharging gap 22 for example is about 1.5mm.
The zirconium copper that has the above-mentioned cover 14 usefulness oxygen-free coppers at sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 or contain zirconium (Zr) in oxygen-free copper constitutes.The junction surface 20 of the end face of case member 12 and cover 14 is by encapsulants such as silver solder (not shown) gas-tight seal.
Enclose the discharge gas of regulation in the above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16.As this discharge gas for example is the monomer or the mixture of inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen.Also can be the monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mixture and H2.
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form many its two ends and the double wire triggering discharge film 28 of doing the cover 14,14 of sparking electrode every tiny discharge gap 26 configurations.
Above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 is the carbon-based material formation of primary raw material in order to carbon nano-tube.Specifically by the carbon nano-tube 80% that is used as primary raw material, soak on the sintered body of the mixture of the mixed of amorphous carbon 20% and contain that carbon-based material that silicone oil forms constitutes.Above-mentioned amorphous carbon has the function as bond material, can these carbon nano-tube be combined by this amorphous carbon strongly.
Its graphite tectosome that is made of continuously 6 Yuans rings of carbon atom of above-mentioned carbon nano-tube is to be the low electric conductor of work function cylindraceous, and its leading section is coniform, and pole tip is sharp.Carbon nano-tube is elongated, and its diameter is about 2nm～number+nm, and about length 0.5～1 μ m, it is that depth-width ratio is big to the ratio of diameter highly.So,, produce strong electric field at leading section and concentrate, emit characteristic so have good electronics because the carbon nano-tube leading section is sharp-pointed and depth-width ratio is big.In addition, carbon nano-tube is not only single-layer carbon nano-tube, also can use cylindrical shape graphite tectosome to be overlapped into a plurality of circular concentric and the multilayer carbon nanotube that forms.
Above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 is by will being coated to the internal face 24 of case member 12 with the core that carbon-based material constitutes, and adhering to carbon-based material and form, and said carbon-based material is to soak to contain silicone oil and form on the sintered body of carbon nano-tube and amorphous carbon mixture.
At this moment, by silicone oil being immersed the sintered body of carbon nano-tube and amorphous carbon mixture, improve the carbon-based material tack when above-mentioned core is coated to the internal face 24 of case member 12.
Though above-mentioned silicone oil can produce impure gas, in the process that forms hermetically sealed 16,, can not produce harmful effect to the composition of the discharge gas in the hermetically sealed 16 because the silicone oil evaporation is deflated.Promptly, above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16 is in the heating atmosphere of about 800 degree, after carrying out the vacuum exhaust in the case member 12, import the discharge gas of regulation again, by encapsulant case member 12 and cover 14 gas-tight seals are formed then, so above-mentioned silicone oil evaporates under the heating atmosphere condition of about 800 degree, in the vacuum exhaust process, be deflated simultaneously.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18, form the tunicle 30 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage.This tunicle 30 is to be coated to sparking electrode portion 18 surfaces and to form by the monomer of KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) or mixture being added to adhesive later in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water.
At this moment, with the monomer or mixture 0.01～70 weight % of iodide alkaline, adhesive is that the cooperation ratio of 99.99～30 weight % mixes it.Adhesive mesosilicic acid sodium solution is sodium silicate solution 0.01～70 weight % pure water 99.99～30 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water.
In above-mentioned tunicle 30, add in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) more than a kind the time, can further make the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation of the 5th discharge tube 46.
In addition, even, also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 5th discharge tube 46 with adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide more than a kind in barium chloride (BaG1), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9).
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
Contain iodide alkaline insulating properties above-mentioned tunicle 30 since the little electronics of work function to emit characteristic good, the effect that reduces discharge ionization voltage is arranged, particularly KI (KI) is added when forming tunicle 30 in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water, the effect that reduces discharge ionization voltage is remarkable.
At this moment, add to KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution with pure water mix proportion 1: 1) cooperate ratio to surpass 40 weight % the time, because KI is saturated to the solubility of adhesive, do not dissolve more than it, so the cooperation ratio of KI is preferably in the scope of 0.1 weight %～40 weight %, when the cooperation ratio of KI is 40 weight %, reduce the effect maximum of discharge ionization voltage.
Concerning the 5th discharge tube 46 of the present invention, during voltage more than double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode apply the discharge ionization voltage of the 5th discharge tube 46, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore, at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, produce as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.This transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the igniting effect of electronics subsequently.And this glow discharge is shifted to the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion, and transfers the arc discharge as main discharge to.
And, concerning the 5th discharge tube 46 of the present invention, because emitting the carbon nano-tube of characteristic good in order to electronics is the carbon-based material formation triggering discharge film 28 of primary raw material, can supply with the initial stage electronics in a large number, the result can prevent the rising of initial stage discharge ionization voltage, realizes not producing long-life discharge tube of initial stage discharge delay.
In order to carbon nano-tube is the triggering discharge film 28 of the present invention of the carbon-based material formation of primary raw material, because elongated carbon nano-tube is around the trickle convex-concave place of the internal face 24 that is attached to cover 12, big with the adhesive force of cover internal face 24, peel off hardly, can give full play to the function that prevents the initial stage discharge delay.
Figure 20 is that expression is used in and immerses on the sintered body of carbon nano-tube and noncrystal carbon mix that carbon-based material that silicone oil forms constitutes the present invention's the 5th discharge tube 46 of triggering discharge film 28 and be that the carbon-based material of primary raw material constitutes the discharge curve chart of relation of the discharge time of discharge tube of film 28 and initial stage discharge ionization voltage of triggering with graphite.Shown in this curve chart, constitute the discharge tube (curve B of Figure 20) that triggers discharge film 28 for the carbon-based material that in order to graphite is primary raw material, rise from about 600,000 left and right sides initial stage discharge ionization voltages of discharge time, the early period of origination discharge delay, in contrast, in the situation (curve A of Figure 20) of the present invention's the 5th discharge tube 46, even discharge time is above 1,000,000 times, the initial stage discharge ionization voltage does not have big variation yet, thereby can the early period of origination discharge delay, realizes long lifetime.
Because the two ends of each triggering discharge film 28 of the 5th discharge tube 46 of the present invention and the above-mentioned cover 14,14 of formation sparking electrode are every tiny discharge gap 26 configurations, as long as being arranged at the electrode material that 18 sputters of the non-cohesive sparking electrode of two tiny discharge gaps 26 that trigger discharge film 28 two ends portion are dispersed, just degradation of insulation can not take place.Therefore, the 5th discharge tube 46 of the present invention is compared with the existing discharge tube 60 of the film 78,78 that discharges every a pair of triggering of tiny discharge gap 76 relative configurations, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.
At this moment, because triggering discharge film 28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, can suppress electric field intensity in the tiny discharge gap 26, as mentioned above, the carbon nano-tube of emitting characteristic good in order to electronics is the carbon-based material formation triggering discharge film 28 of primary raw material, simultaneously because also form on the surface of sparking electrode 18 and to contain the little and electronics of work function and emit the tunicle 30 of the iodide alkaline of characteristic good, so can not damage high responsiveness.
Figure 21 and Figure 22 illustrate the 6th discharge tube 48 of the present invention.This 6th discharge tube 48 is corresponding with claim 10 and 11.The component parts identical with above-mentioned discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
The 6th discharge tube 48 of the present invention is as Figure 21 and shown in Figure 22, and the both ends open portion by the circular cylindrical shell parts 12 that are made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 have to the outstanding bigger plane sparking electrode portion 18 in the center of hermetically sealed 16 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.
The zirconium copper that has the above-mentioned cover 14 usefulness oxygen-free coppers at sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 or contain zirconium (Zr) in oxygen-free copper constitutes.By the end face of encapsulants such as silver solder (not shown) gas-tight seal case member 12 and the junction surface 20 of cover 14.
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form many its two ends and the double wire triggering discharge film 28 of doing the above-mentioned cover 14,14 of sparking electrode every tiny discharge gap 26 configurations.In Figure 21 and Figure 22, example illustrates along the circumferencial direction of the internal face 24 of case member 12 and forms 8 situations that trigger discharge film 28 at interval by 45 degree.
Conductive materials such as above-mentioned triggering discharge film 28 usefulness carbon-based materials constitute.This triggers discharge film 28 and for example can form by the core that coating is made of carbon-based material.
Surface in above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18 forms the insulating properties tunicle 30 that contains KI (KI).These tunicle 30 discharge ionization voltages are effectively stable, and work function is little, and electronics is emitted characteristic good, and the effect that discharge ionization voltage is reduced is arranged.
Above-mentioned tunicle 30 is to form on the surface of sparking electrode portion 18 by the coating of the adhesive after will adding KI in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water (by answering).
At this moment, KI is 0.01～23 weight % to the addition of the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water, preferably 5～15 weight %.
Adhesive mesosilicic acid sodium solution is that sodium silicate solution is 50～67 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water, preferably 60 weight %.Pure water is 50～33 weight %, preferably 40 weight %.
With in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3) add in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 more than a kind the time, can further make the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation of the 6th discharge tube 48.
With in barium chloride (BaG1), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9) more than a kind with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide, be added in the above-mentioned tunicle 30, also help the stabilisation of the discharge ionization voltage of the 6th discharge tube 48.
These materials add in the mixture of above-mentioned KI and adhesive in the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
In above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclose the discharge gas of regulation.This discharge gas for example is the monomer or the mist of inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen.Also can be the monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mist and H2.
Concerning above-mentioned the 6th discharge tube 48 of the present invention, during voltage more than double 14,14 of above-mentioned a pair of covers making sparking electrode apply the discharge ionization voltage of the 6th discharge tube 48, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, take place as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.This transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the electronic ignition effect then.And this glow discharge is converted to the arc discharge as main discharge to discharging gap 22 transfers of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion.
Each of the present invention's the 6th discharge tube 48 triggers the two ends of discharge film 28 because dispose every tiny discharge gap 26 with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, so as long as, just can not produce degradation of insulation being arranged at the electrode material that 18 sputters of the non-cohesive sparking electrode of two tiny discharge gaps 26 that trigger discharge film 28 two ends portion are dispersed.Therefore, the 6th discharge tube 48 of the present invention is compared with the existing discharge tube 60 that forms every a pair of triggering discharge of tiny discharge gap 76 relative configurations film 78,78, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.
At this moment, because triggering discharge film 28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, can suppress electric field intensity in the tiny discharge gap 26, as described above, because it is little to form work function on the surface of sparking electrode portion 18, electronics is emitted the above-mentioned tunicle 30 of characteristic good, so can not damage high response.
And, concerning the present invention's the 6th discharge tube 48, be 0.01～23 weight %, even also can suppress the rate of change of discharge ionization voltage when under hot environment, using by making the addition of KI in the adhesive that constitutes by sodium silicate solution and pure water.
Figure 23 is expression with 150 ℃ of curve charts that heat the relation of placing the rate of change that 50 hours KIs (Kl) under the situation begin voltage to the addition and the direct-current discharge of adhesive behind the 6th discharge tubes 48 of the present invention again.Employed the 6th discharge tube 48 is to constitute sparking electrode portion 18 with oxygen-free copper, constitutes discharge gas with Ar, and the ratio that cooperates of adhesive mesosilicic acid sodium solution and pure water is 60 weight %: 40 weight %.
If direct-current discharge begins the rate of change of voltage in ± 10%, no problem in the use, shown in the curve of Figure 23,, the rate of change of discharge ionization voltage can be suppressed at if KI is 0.01～23 weight % to the addition of adhesive ± 10% in.When KI is 5～15 weight % to the addition of adhesive because the rate of change of discharge ionization voltage can be suppressed at ± 5% in, so just better.
Because the amount of the sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is many, the viscosity of adhesive is just high, adhesive coating (by answering) is inhomogeneous easily to the thickness of the above-mentioned tunicle 30 of sparking electrode portion 18 surface formation, and its result becomes the main cause that produces the discharge ionization voltage deviation.
On the other hand, because the amount of sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is few, the viscosity of adhesive is just low, and sparking electrode 18 surfaces are little with the cohesive forces of tunicle 30, its as a result tunicle 30 become the main cause that life characteristic worsens easily by sputter.
From the above, the mix proportion of adhesive mesosilicic acid sodium solution and pure water is for example above-mentioned like that, and sodium silicate solution is 50～67 weight %, preferably 60 weight %.Pure water is 50～33 weight %, 40 weight % preferably, and this is only suitable.
Figure 24 illustrates surge absorbing device 50 of the present invention.This surge absorbing device 50 is corresponding with claim 12 and 13.The component parts identical with above-mentioned the 1st discharge tube 10 gives identical symbol.
Surge absorbing device 50 of the present invention as shown in figure 24, the both ends open portion by the circular cylindrical shell parts 12 that are made of the insulating material pottery of both ends open with double a pair of cover 14,14 gas-tight seals of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed 16.
Above-mentioned cover 14 have to the outstanding more plane sparking electrode in hermetically sealed 16 centers portion 18 and with the junction surface 20 that the end face of case member 12 joins, between the sparking electrode portion 18,18 of two covers 14,14, form the discharging gap 22 of regulation.
The zirconium copper that has the above-mentioned cover 14 usefulness oxygen-free coppers at sparking electrode portion 18 and junction surface 20 or contain zirconium (Zr) in oxygen-free copper constitutes.
By the end face of encapsulants such as silver solder (not shown) gas-tight seal case member 12 and the junction surface 20 of cover 14.
On the internal face 24 of above-mentioned case member 12, form its two ends and the double triggering discharge film 28 of doing the above-mentioned cover 14,14 of sparking electrode every many wire of tiny discharge gap 26 relative configurations.This triggers conductive material formations such as discharge film 28 usefulness carbon-based materials.This triggers discharge film 28 and for example forms by the core that coating is made of carbon-based material.
In above-mentioned hermetically sealed 16, enclose the discharge gas of regulation.This discharge gas for example is the monomer or the mist of inert gases such as rare gas such as argon, neon, helium, xenon or nitrogen.Also can be the monomer of rare gas or inert gas or the mist of negative polarity gases such as mist and H2.
On the surface of above-mentioned sparking electrode portion 18, form the insulating properties tunicle 30 that contains the stabilizing effective iodide alkaline of discharge ionization voltage.This tunicle 30 is to be coated to sparking electrode portion 18 surperficial formation by monomer or the adhesive behind the mixture that will add KI (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), rubidium iodide iodide alkaline such as (RbI) in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water.
At this moment, by the monomer or mixture 0.01～70 weight % of iodide alkaline, the cooperation ratio of adhesive 99.99～30 weight % mixes it.Sodium silicate solution in the adhesive is that sodium silicate solution is 0.01～70 weight % with the ratio that cooperates of pure water, and pure water is 99.99～30 weight %.
To add the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation that can further make surge absorption piece 50 in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 more than a kind in cesium bromide (CsBr), rubidium bromide (RbBr), nickelous bromide (NiBr2), indium bromide (InBr3), cobaltous bromide (CoBr2), the ferric bromide bromides such as (FeBr2, FeBr3).
With adding in the above-mentioned tunicle 30 with above-mentioned bromide or beyond above-mentioned bromide more than a kind in barium chloride (BaG1), barium fluoride (BaF), yittrium oxide (Y2O3), yttrium chloride (YC12), yttrium fluoride (YF3), potassium molybdate (K2M0O4), potassium tungstate (K2WO4), caesium chromate (Cs2CrO4), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), the potassium titanate (K2Ti4O9), also help the discharge ionization voltage stabilisation of surge absorption piece 50.
These materials add in the mixture of the monomer of above-mentioned iodide alkaline or mixture and adhesive with the cooperation ratio of 0.01～10 weight %.
The above-mentioned tunicle 30 of insulating properties that contains iodide alkaline has the effect that reduces discharge ionization voltage because work function is little, and electronics is emitted characteristic good.Particularly KI (KI) is added in the adhesive that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water, when forming tunicle 30, the effect that reduces discharge ionization voltage is significant.
Figure 25 is the curve chart that direct-current discharge that the cooperation ratio (weight %) of the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution cooperated ratio 1: 1 with pure water) that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water and surge absorbing device 50 are added in expression begins the relation of voltage.This surge absorbing device 50 is to enclose argon as discharge gas with air pressure 120kPa, simultaneously the device that forms for 0.55mm of the discharging gap 22 of sparking electrode portion 18,18.
By the curve of Figure 25 as can be known, direct-current discharge begins voltage and becomes big along with the cooperation ratio of adding the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution cooperated ratio 1: 1 with pure water) that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water to and descend.
Figure 26 is the curve chart that impulsive discharge that the cooperation ratio (weight %) of the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution cooperated ratio 1: 1 with pure water) that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water and surge absorbing device 50 are added in expression to begins the relation of voltage.This surge absorbing device 50 uses with the air pressure of 120kPa and encloses argon as discharge gas, the device that forms for 0.55mm of the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion simultaneously, and the pulse voltage that applies 2.5KV with 1.2/50 μ s is measured.
By the curve of Figure 26 as can be known, pulsed discharge begins voltage and reduces along with the increase of the cooperation ratio of adding the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution cooperated ratio 1: 1 with pure water) that is made of sodium silicate solution and pure water to.
When the cooperation ratio of adding the KI in the adhesive (sodium silicate solution cooperated ratio 1: 1 with pure water) to surpasses 40 weight %, KI is saturated to the solubility of adhesive, more than it, do not dissolve, so the cooperation ratio of KI is preferably in the scope of 0.1 weight %～40 weight %, when the cooperation ratio of KI is 40 weight %, reduce the effect maximum of discharge ionization voltage.
When surge being added to surge absorbing element 50 of the present invention by the double above-mentioned cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, concentrated at the two ends of triggering discharge film 28 with tiny discharge gap 26 electric fields of 14,14 of covers, therefore at tiny discharge gap 26 ejected electrons, produce as trigger discharge along the face corona discharge.Then, this transfers glow discharge along the face corona discharge to by the electronic ignition effect.And this glow discharge is shifted to the discharging gap 22 of 18,18 in sparking electrode portion, and is converted to and carries out surge as the arc discharge of main discharge and absorb.
And, concerning surge absorbing device 50 of the present invention, because each triggers discharge film 28 two ends and the double above-mentioned cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode disposes every tiny discharge gap 26, so as long as being arranged at the electrode material that 18 sputters of the non-cohesive sparking electrode of two tiny discharge gaps 26 that trigger discharge film 28 two ends portion are dispersed, just degradation of insulation can not take place.Therefore, surge absorbing device 50 of the present invention is compared with the existing surge absorbing device 60 of the film 78,78 that discharges every a pair of triggering of tiny discharge gap 76 relative configurations, can suppress the generation of degradation of insulation.Can make surge absorbing device 50 long lifetimes.
Because triggering discharge film 28 is not electrically connected with the double cover 14,14 of making sparking electrode, so can suppress the electronics discharging amount in the tiny discharge gap 26, also, can guarantee high response because form the tunicle 30 that contains the iodide alkaline that work function is little, electronics is emitted characteristic good on the surface of sparking electrode portion 18.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of discharge tube, both ends open portion by the case member that is made of the insulating material of both ends open with the double a pair of cover gas-tight seal of making sparking electrode forms hermetically sealed, in hermetically sealed, enclose simultaneously discharge gas, form discharging gap between the sparking electrode of the above-mentioned cover in being configured in hermetically sealed, on the internal face of above-mentioned case member, form simultaneously and trigger the discharge film, the two ends and the above-mentioned cover of this triggering discharge film dispose every tiny discharge gap
It is characterized in that above-mentioned triggering discharge film is to constitute by be soaked with the carbon-based material that silicone oil forms in the mixture sintering body of carbon nano-tube and amorphous carbon.
Applications Claiming Priority (18)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003106883A JP4209240B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2003-04-10 | Discharge tube |
| JP2003-106883 | 2003-04-10 | ||
| JP2003106883 | 2003-04-10 | ||
| JP2003159501 | 2003-06-04 | ||
| JP2003-159501 | 2003-06-04 | ||
| JP2003159501A JP2004362925A (en) | 2003-06-04 | 2003-06-04 | Surge absorbing element |
| JP2003186739 | 2003-06-30 | ||
| JP2003-186739 | 2003-06-30 | ||
| JP2003186739A JP2005025953A (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2003-06-30 | Discharge tube |
| JP2003-272213 | 2003-07-09 | ||
| JP2003272213A JP2005032640A (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | Discharge tube |
| JP2003272213 | 2003-07-09 | ||
| JP2003277434A JP4338466B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2003-07-22 | Discharge tube |
| JP2003277434 | 2003-07-22 | ||
| JP2003-277434 | 2003-07-22 | ||
| JP2003-430223 | 2003-12-25 | ||
| JP2003430223A JP4133797B2 (en) | 2003-12-25 | 2003-12-25 | Discharge tube |
| JP2003430223 | 2003-12-25 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800072644A Division CN100505447C (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2004-04-01 | Discharge tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101350285A true CN101350285A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
| CN101350285B CN101350285B (en) | 2010-04-14 |
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ID=33468934
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800072644A Expired - Lifetime CN100505447C (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2004-04-01 | Discharge tube |
| CN2008101336442A Expired - Lifetime CN101350285B (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2004-04-01 | Discharge tube |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800072644A Expired - Lifetime CN100505447C (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2004-04-01 | Discharge tube |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4209240B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN100505447C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006244793A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-14 | Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd | Discharge tube |
| JP2006244794A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-14 | Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd | Discharge tube |
| US8796925B2 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2014-08-05 | Okaya Electric Industries, Co., Ltd. | Discharge tube |
| CN102646564A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-22 | 深圳市槟城电子有限公司 | Gas discharge tube |
| CN103259256A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-08-21 | 北京捷安通达科贸有限公司 | Power signal co-cable transmission type lightning protective device and method |
| JP6062905B2 (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2017-01-18 | スマート エレクトロニクス インク | Surface mount fuse and structure including the same |
| JP6156473B2 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-07-05 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surge protective element |
| JP6795786B2 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-12-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surge protection element |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0963744A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-03-07 | Kondo Denki:Kk | Surge absorber |
| JP2001052652A (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-02-23 | Cheol Jin Lee | White light source and its manufacture |
-
2003
- 2003-04-10 JP JP2003106883A patent/JP4209240B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 CN CNB2004800072644A patent/CN100505447C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 CN CN2008101336442A patent/CN101350285B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1762079A (en) | 2006-04-19 |
| JP2004311358A (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| CN101350285B (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| CN100505447C (en) | 2009-06-24 |
| JP4209240B2 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
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