CN101346821A - 全喷墨印刷的薄膜晶体管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种制备薄膜晶体管的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:提供基底;通过喷墨印刷施加栅极油墨;通过喷墨印刷在上面施加介电油墨;通过喷墨印刷施加半导体油墨;和通过喷墨印刷施加源极和漏极油墨。在一些实施例中,半导体油墨包括溶剂和半导体材料,所述半导体材料包含:1重量%至99.9重量%的聚合物;和0.1重量%至99重量%的如本文所述的官能化并五苯化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过喷墨印刷制造薄膜晶体管。
背景技术
US 6,690,029B1据称公开了某些取代的并五苯以及由它们制成的电子器件。
WO 2005/055248A2据称公开了顶栅薄膜晶体管中的某些取代的并五苯和聚合物。
发明内容
简而言之,本发明提供了制备薄膜晶体管的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:提供基底;通过喷墨印刷施加栅极油墨;通过喷墨印刷在上面施加介电油墨;通过喷墨印刷施加半导体油墨;和通过喷墨印刷施加源极和漏极油墨。在一些实施例中,将栅极油墨直接施加到基底上。在一些实施例中,将介电油墨施加到栅极油墨的至少一部分上。在一些实施例中,将半导体油墨施加到介电油墨的至少一部分上,并且将源极和漏极油墨施加到半导体油墨的至少一部分上。在一些实施例中,将源极和漏极油墨施加到介电油墨的至少一部分上,并且将半导体油墨施加到源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上。在一些实施例中,将半导体油墨直接施加到基底上,将源极和漏极油墨施加到半导体油墨的至少一部分上,将介电油墨施加到源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上,并且将栅极油墨施加到介电油墨的至少一部分上。在一些实施例中,将源极和漏极油墨直接施加到基底上,将半导体油墨施加到源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上,将介电油墨施加到半导体油墨的至少一部分上,并且将栅极油墨施加到介电油墨的至少一部分上。在一些实施例中,半导体油墨包括溶剂和半导体材料,所述半导体材料包括:
1重量%至99.9重量%的聚合物;和
0.1重量%至99重量%的符合化学式I的化合物:
其中每个R1独立地选自H和CH3,并且每个R2独立地选自支链或非支链C2-C18烷烃、支链或非支链C1-C18烷基醇、支链或非支链C2-C18烯烃、C4-C8芳基或杂芳基、C5-C32烷芳基或烷基-杂芳基、二茂铁基或SiR3 3,其中每个R3独立地选自氢、支链或非支链C1-C10烷烃、支链或非支链C1-C10烷基醇或支链或非支链C2-C10烯烃。在一些实施例中,聚合物在1kHz具有大于3.3的介电常数并且通常组成的组选自由下列物质组成的组:聚(4-氰甲基苯乙烯)和聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)。
附图说明
图1为顶接触/底栅薄膜晶体管中存在的各层的示意图。
图2为底接触/底栅薄膜晶体管中存在的各层的示意图。
图3为顶接触/顶栅薄膜晶体管中存在的各层的示意图。
图4为底接触/顶栅薄膜晶体管中存在的各层的示意图。
图5为实例1中的底接触/底栅薄膜晶体管的示意图。
图6为实例1中的底接触/底栅薄膜晶体管的显微图,定标线条是2.0mm。
图7为实例1中的底接触/底栅薄膜晶体管的性能值坐标图。
具体实施方式
薄膜晶体管在轻质、便宜和易于再生产电子器件方面具有发展前途。本发明为全喷墨、全添加的薄膜晶体管提供制造方法。
已知薄膜晶体管呈四种原理几何形状。结合图1(表示顶接触/底栅薄膜晶体管)、图2(表示底接触/底栅薄膜晶体管)、图3(表示顶接触/顶栅薄膜晶体管)和图4(表示底接触/顶栅薄膜晶体管)各图,薄膜晶体管100包括基底10、栅极20、介质层30、半导体层40、源极50和漏极60。通常源极50和漏极60将与栅极20稍有搭接。
在图3和图4所描绘的顶栅设计中,栅极20在介质层30上方,并且栅极20和介质层30均在半导体层40上方。在图1和图2所描绘的底栅设计中,栅极20在介质层30下面,并且栅极20和介质层30均在半导体层40下面。因此,通过喷墨印刷技术制造底栅设计需要可以在溶剂中施加到先前涂敷的介质层上而不会破坏或溶解这些层的半导体。
众所周知,喷墨印刷在本领域中用于例如图形(包括多彩图形)的印刷。喷墨印刷使细小墨滴能够精确定位。任何合适的喷墨印刷系统可用于实施本发明,包括热力喷墨、压电喷墨和连续喷墨系统。最典型地,使用压电喷墨系统。可用于喷墨印刷的油墨所含颗粒粒度通常不大于500nm,更通常不大于200nm。可用于喷墨印刷的油墨通常需要适当的流变性。
薄膜晶体管的喷墨印刷需要使用可以在不损坏先前施加的油墨的条件下施加的油墨。本发明的油墨和材料允许构造其中每层均通过喷墨印刷制成的薄膜晶体管。因此,可以使用相对便宜然而精确的技术来产生电子电路。此外,在本发明的一些实施例中,晶体管制造仅需要添加步骤。也就是说,可以删除蚀刻或其它材料移除的步骤。
可用于本发明的半导体油墨通常包括溶剂和半导体材料,所述半导体材料通常包含聚合物和半导电化合物。可以使用任何合适的溶剂,所述溶剂可以包括酮、芳族烃等等。所述溶剂通常是有机溶剂。所述溶剂通常是非质子溶剂。
可用于本发明的半导体油墨可以包括任何合适的聚合物。在1kHz条件下,聚合物的介电常数通常大于3.3,再通常大于3.5,更通常大于4.0。聚合物的M.W.(分子量)通常为至少1,000,更通常为至少5,000。代表性的聚合物包括聚(4-氰甲基苯乙烯)和聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)。也可以使用氰基普鲁兰多糖。
代表性聚合物也包括美国专利公布No.2004/0222412A1中所述的聚合物,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。其中所述的聚合物包括基本上非氟化并具有符合以下化学式的重复单元的有机聚合物:
其中:
每个R1独立地为H、Cl、Br、I和芳基或包括可交联基团的有机基团;
每个R2独立地为H、芳基或R4;
每个R3独立地为H或甲基;
每个R5独立地为烷基、卤素或R4;
每个R4独立地为具有至少一个CN基团并且每个CN基团具有约30至约200的分子量的有机基团;并且
n=0至3;
条件是聚合物中的至少一个重复单元包括R4。
油墨中的半导体材料含有的聚合物是1重量%至99.9重量%,更通常是1重量%至10重量%。
可用于本发明的半导体油墨可以包括任何合适的半导电化合物。半导电化合物可以为符合化学式I的官能化并五苯化合物:
其中每个R1独立地选自H和CH3,并且每个R2独立地选自支链或非支链C2-C18烷烃、支链或非支链C1-C18烷基醇、支链或非支链C2-C18烯烃、C4-C8芳基或杂芳基、C5-C32烷芳基或烷基-杂芳基、二茂铁基或SiR3 3,其中每个R3独立地选自氢、支链或非支链C1-C10烷烃、支链或非支链C1-C10烷基醇或支链或非支链C2-C10烯烃。通常每个R1为H。通常每个R2为SiR3 3。更通常每个R2为SiR3 3,并且每个R3独立地选自支链或非支链C1-C10烷烃。最通常化合物为化学式II所示的6,13-二(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)并五苯(TIPS-并五苯):
半导体材料包含的化学式I或化学式II的化合物是1重量%至99.9重量%。
可以使用任何合适的介电油墨,包括美国专利申请No.11/282,923中所公开的组合物,该专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。
下面的实例进一步说明了本发明的目的和优点,但是这些实例中所提到的具体材料及其数量,以及其它条件和细节,均不应被解释为是对本发明的不当限制。
实例
除非另外指明,所有试剂均获自或可得自Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,WI,或可以通过已知方法合成。
这些物质从以下厂商获得,未经深入纯化处理:
聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),得自Dupont Teijin films,Q65A PEN。
Cabot银墨,喷墨银导体,体电阻率4-32mW cm,得自CabotPrintable Electronics and Displays,Albuqerque,New Mexico。
全氟苯硫酚,得自Aldrich Chemical Company。
甲苯,得自EMD Chemicals,Inc.Gibbstown,NJ。
环己酮,得自EMD Chemicals,Inc.Gibbstown,NJ。
6,13-二(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)并五苯(TIPS-并五苯),按照实例1中U.S.6,690,029B1中所公开的方式合成。
聚(4-乙烯基苯酚),MW(分子量)9,000至11,000Sp.gr.(比重)1.16(PVP),得自Polyscience,Inc.Warrington,PA。
四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(SR444),得自Sartomer,West Chester,Pennsylvania。
Irgacure 819,得自Ciba specialty Chemicals,Basel Switzerland。
制备实例-聚合物A的制备
聚合物A为美国专利公布No.2004/0222412A1中描述的含腈苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。合成过程在其中的107和108段标题“实例1,聚合物1的合成”中描述如下:
向配有磁力搅拌器和充氮口的250毫升(mL)三颈烧瓶中注入8.32克(g)3-甲基氨基丙腈(Aldrich)和在50mL无水二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAc,Aldrich)中的20.00g苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA 1000树脂,可得自Sartomer,Exton,PA.)的溶液。在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟(min)之后,加入N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)(0.18g,99%,Aldrich),然后在110℃加热该溶液17小时。使溶液冷却至室温,然后在机械搅拌的同时慢慢倒入1.5升(L)异丙醇中。经过滤收集所形成的黄色沉淀物,并且在减压(大约30毫米(mm)Hg)下在80℃干燥48小时。收率:26.0g。
将二十克(20g)的这种物质溶解在50mL无水DMAc中,随后加入28.00g缩水甘油基异丁烯酸酯(GMA)(Sartomer)、0.20g对苯二酚(J.T.Baker,Phillipsburg,NJ)和0.5g N,N-二甲基苄胺(Aldrich)。该混合物用氮气进行闪蒸,然后在55℃加热20小时。将溶液冷却至室温之后,边机械搅拌边将其慢慢倒入1.5L己烷和异丙醇的混合物(2∶1,体积:体积(v/v),GR,E.M.Science)中。将形成的沉淀物在50mL丙酮中溶解并且沉淀两次,首先在以上采用的相同溶剂混合物中溶解,然后在异丙醇中溶解。经过滤收集固体(聚合物A)并且在减压(大约399Pa(30mm Hg))下在50℃干燥24小时。收率:22.30g。FT-IR(薄膜):3433、2249、1723、1637、1458、1290、1160和704cm-1。Mn(数均分子量)=8000克/摩尔(g/mol)、Mw(重均分子量)=22,000g/mol。玻璃化转变温度(Tg)=105℃。介电常数大约为4.6。
实例1
晶体管的全喷墨印刷、的全添加阵列在一片PEN膜上以304dpi的分辨率进行印刷,对于银墨和绝缘(聚合物A)油墨,采用滴体积为50pl的Spectra喷墨印刷头SM-128,对于半导体(TIPS-PVP)油墨,采用滴体积为30pl的Spectra喷墨印刷头SE-128。根据图5中所描绘的图形和以下方法按下列次序印刷各层:1.栅极油墨,2.介电油墨,3.源极油墨/漏极油墨,和4.半导体油墨。
用Cabot银墨将栅极(1×1mm,具有探针片1×1mm)印刷到PEN基底上。将该材料加热至125℃维持10分钟进行固化。将介质层(异佛乐酮中含15重量%的聚合物A、1.5重量%的Irgacure 819光引发剂和1.5重量%的四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯交联剂(SR444)的溶液)印刷到栅极顶上,以便将此带的一半覆盖,并露出一半制成电触点。将该层置于氮保护气氛中的短波长UV(紫外线)灯(254nm)下七分钟进行固化。与每个栅极对齐印刷一对源极和漏极(1×1mm),以便在栅极顶部上方在源极和漏极之间形成100微米的槽,同时使栅极搭接量最少。还采用Cabot银墨对这些电极进行喷墨印刷,随后在125℃条件下加热10分钟。然后用甲苯中0.1mmol的全氟苯硫酚溶液对此样本进行1小时的处理。用甲苯漂洗样本并使其干燥。通过短线喷墨进行半导体溶液的印刷(环己酮中10重量%的PVP和0.8重量%的TIPS的溶液),以覆盖源极和漏极之间的槽区,但不得触及半导体材料形成的邻近晶体管。然后将样本在120℃条件下加热10分钟。图6是定标线条为2.0mm的所得器件之一的显微图。
图7为性能值的坐标图,所得器件按以下方法获得。使用半导体参数分析仪(型号4145A,得自Hewlett-Packard,Palo Alto,California)在空气中在室温下测试晶体管性能。将漏-源电流(Ids)的平方根作为栅-源偏差(Vgs)(对于-40V的恒定漏-源偏差(Vds)从+10V至-40V)的函数进行绘图。使用下述公式:
Ids=μCx W/Lx(Vgs-Vt)2/2
用栅介质的比电容(C)、槽宽(W)和槽长(L)由该曲线的线性部分计算饱和场效应迁移率。该直线拟合的x-轴外推法取作阈值电压(Vt)。此外,将Id作为Vgs的函数作图产生曲线,其中沿包含Vt的曲线的一部分画出直线拟合。该线斜率的倒数为亚阈斜率(S)。将开/关比率取作Ids-Vgs曲线最小和最大漏电流(Ids)差值。图7中,标为A的迹线为实测漏电流(Ids),标为B的迹线为实测漏电流(Ids)的平方根,标为C的迹线为实测栅电流(Igs)。
在不背离本发明的范围和原理的条件下,本发明的各种修改和更改对本领域内的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,同时应当理解,本发明不应不当受限于上文阐述的示例性实施例。
Claims (16)
1.一种制备薄膜晶体管的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供基底;
通过喷墨印刷施加栅极油墨;
通过喷墨印刷在上面施加介电油墨;
通过喷墨印刷施加半导体油墨;和
通过喷墨印刷施加源极和漏极油墨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述栅极油墨直接施加到所述基底上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中将所述介电油墨施加到所述栅极油墨至少一部分上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中将所述半导体油墨施加到所述介电油墨的至少一部分上,并且将所述源极和漏极油墨施加到所述半导体油墨的至少一部分上。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中将所述源极和漏极油墨施加到所述介电油墨的至少一部分上,并且将所述半导体油墨施加到所述源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述半导体油墨直接施加到所述基底上,将所述源极和漏极油墨施加到所述半导体油墨的至少一部分上,将所述介电油墨施加到所述源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上,并且将所述栅极油墨施加到所述介电油墨的至少一部分上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述源极和漏极油墨直接施加到所述基底上,将所述半导体油墨施加到所述源极和漏极油墨的至少一部分上,将所述介电油墨施加到所述半导体油墨的至少一部分上,并且将所述栅极油墨施加到所述介电油墨的至少一部分上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中每个R1为H,并且每个R2为SiR3 3,其中每个R3独立地选自氢、支链或非支链C1-C10烷烃、支链或非支链C1-C10烷基醇、或支链或非支链C2-C10烯烃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中每个R1为H,并且每个R2为SiR3 3,其中每个R3独立地选自支链或非支链C1-C10烷烃。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中符合化学式I的化合物为6,13-二(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)并五苯(TIPS-并五苯)。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述聚合物在1kHz具有大于3.3的介电常数。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述聚合物选自由下列物质组成的组:聚(4-氰甲基苯乙烯)和聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述聚合物为聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)。
15.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述聚合物为含有氰基的聚合物。
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CN108878540A (zh) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-23 | 南方科技大学 | 一种底栅薄膜晶体管及其制备方法 |
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US20090001356A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electronic devices having a solution deposited gate dielectric |
WO2009005972A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electronic devices having a solution deposited gate dielectric |
KR101622420B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-30 | 2016-05-18 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 실릴에티닐 펜타센 화합물 및 조성물 및 그의 제조 및 사용 방법 |
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CN108878540A (zh) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-23 | 南方科技大学 | 一种底栅薄膜晶体管及其制备方法 |
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