CN101331722B - 用于端节点辅助的邻近者发现的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述用于使用端节点(例如无线终端)来发现基站并将关于所发现的例如基站等接入节点的信息传送到系统中的其它接入节点的方法和设备。当所述无线终端在所述系统中漫游且遇到新的接入节点时,一个或一个以上物理上相邻的接入节点会因与所述无线终端通信而得知所述新的接入节点的存在。指示接入节点无法将消息路由到无线终端已知的另一接入节点的消息可触发所述无线终端开始更新接入节点路由和邻近者信息的过程。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信系统,且更明确地说,涉及用于在无线(例如蜂窝式)通信网络中基于物理层信息来路由消息的方法和设备。
背景技术
开放式系统互连(OSI)参考模型在阐释各种通信和路由操作中有用。所述OSI参考模型包含7个层,其中应用层是最上层,且物理层是最下层。所述物理层是处理系统中的实际物理连接和所述物理连接的属性的层。所述物理层上方是数据链路层,有时称为链路层。有时将所述链路层(在OSI模型中的层2)描述为技术特定传输层。所述链路层上方是网络层(OSI层3),其中支持网络路由和中继。所述网络层有时称为包层。在所述网络层处(例如)在一个或一个以上路径上执行通过所述网络的消息/包的路由。可使用不同寻址来引导处于不同层级的消息和信号。举例来说,可使用例如IP地址的网络地址来路由处于网络层层级的消息/包。可使用MAC地址来控制处于数据链路层层级的消息的路由。在所述OSI模型的最下层级(物理层级)处,一个或一个以上物理识别符与来源或目的地装置的实际物理属性或特征有关。了解所述不同通信层和用于所述层中的每一者的不同寻址技术将有助于理解本发明。
通信系统常包含多个耦合到接入节点的网络节点,端节点(例如移动装置)通过所述接入节点耦合到网络。可以分级方式布置网络节点。端节点通常直接通过已使用所述接入节点而建立的连接来与接入节点通信。此类系统通常依赖于在接入节点与端节点之间存在双向通信链路,以支持端节点与接入节点之间的双向通信。应注意,在此类系统中,所述端节点通常不知道目标目的地接入节点的网络层地址,但可知晓其可通过广播信道接收的通常可包含物理层识别符的信息,在此类系统中通常不将所述信息用于消息路由。此方法在所述端节点当时只能够维持一个单一双向通信链路时导致越区切换延迟和包损失。
接着,应了解,需要即使在端节点不知道目标接入节点的网络地址时,也允许不具有到达所述目标接入节点的当前上行链路通信链路的所述端节点经由另一接入节点(所述端节点与所述另一接入节点具有当前上行链路通信链路)来与所述目标接入节点通信的方法和设备。
在一些系统中,端节点能够同时维持多个与不同接入节点的双向通信链路。然而,此类系统通常要求所述端节点通过直接连接到特定接入节点的链路来发送打算供所述特定接入节点使用的消息,所述特定接入节点与端节点具有连接。在一些情况下,此方法是低效的,因为链路(尤其在所述链路是无线链路时)倾向于在质量(例如延迟和损失特征)方面波动。因此,当需要将消息发送到目标目的地接入节点时,到达所述目标目的地接入节点的链路可能并非所述端节点可获得的最佳链路。通常,求助于网络层通信来克服此限制,由于使用网络层地址(例如IP地址),因而可经由多个跃点来路由所述网络层通信。此使用网络层地址的方法也是低效的,尤其在消息传递必须与链路层特定功能一起进行时,因为在一些系统中,网络层消息倾向于比链路层消息大许多。此类低效信令并不很适合于通过资源受限制的空中链路进行的通信。
服务邻近的地理小区的接入节点通常经由手动配置而相互知道。在此类配置期间,在接入节点中对应于其若干邻近者来配置各种参数。此类配置通常耗费人力,且容易出现错误,不仅是因为可能的人为错误,还因为无线网络的网络布局常根据网络扩充而变化的事实,或甚至因为环境条件。这尤其与无线通信系统的逐步部署相关。接着,应了解,在端节点贯穿所述系统而移动并遇到新部署的节点时,需要端节点辅助的邻近者发现过程,使得接入节点可响应于端节点信令而交换邻近者信息,而不是通过手动配置技术。
发明内容
本发明(尤其)针对使用端节点(例如无线终端)来发现基站并将关于所发现的接入节点(例如基站)的信息传送到系统中的其它接入节点的方法。因此,本发明的各个实施例针对支持在包含多个接入节点的通信系统中的邻近者发现的基于无线终端的方法。当所述无线终端在所述系统中漫游且遇到新的接入节点时,一个或一个以上物理上相邻的接入节点会因与所述无线终端通信而得知所述新的接入节点的存在。
在一些但不一定是所有实施方案中,接入节点将消息从端节点路由到另一接入节点的失败被用来触发用于将经更新的路由信息提供给未能完成路由操作的接入节点的各种信号。以此方式,接入节点可使其路由信息被更新,以包含对应于端节点所遇到的但所述接入节点先前不知道或缺少足够路由信息的接入节点的路由信息。
通过使所述接入节点发现过程的所有或一部分自动化,本发明的方法和设备使接入节点的分步部署比在作为部署新基站的过程的一部分必须手动编程接入节点且/或向其供应关于其邻近者的信息的系统中更容易。另外,由于所述邻近者发现与更新过程在极少或不需要直接管理员参与的情况下发生,所以本发明的方法和设备尤其适合于整个网络不能受单个管理员控制且个体可以随意自由添加接入节点(例如基站)而无需首先通知其它基站管理员在所述系统中引入新的基站的系统。
因而本发明的各种特征针对从接入节点接收指示识别符到接入节点地址解析失败的信号,并致使所述端节点发送邻近者通知消息以建立新的接入节点邻近者的端节点方法。
虽然一些特征针对无线终端方法和设备,且针对存储在无线终端中的本发明的新颖消息,但其它特征针对新颖接入节点方法和设备。本发明还针对存储一个或一个以上本发明的新颖消息的数据存储装置(例如存储器装置)。
虽然上文概述中已论述了各个实施例,但应了解,不一定所有实施例都包含相同特征,且上文所描述的特征中的一些特征并非必要,但在一些实施例中可能需要。在以下详细描述内容中,论述本发明的大量额外特征、实施例和益处。
附图说明
图1说明根据本发明而实施的示范性通信系统的网络图。
图2说明根据本发明而实施的示范性端节点。
图3说明根据本发明而实施的示范性接入节点。
图4说明根据本发明而实施的示范性连接识别符。
图5说明根据本发明而实施的使用图4的连接识别符的示范性消息。
图6说明当端节点与一个接入节点维持双向连接并想要与另一接入节点通信时,根据本发明而执行的示范性信令。
图7说明当端节点与多个接入节点维持双向连接时,根据本发明而执行的示范性信令。
图8说明当端节点触发两个接入节点之间的邻近者发现过程时,根据本发明而执行的示范性信令。
图9说明示范性PID到较高层级地址解析表,其可用于在(去往/来自)PID与对应的较高层级地址之间的映射。
具体实施方式
可使用本发明的用于基于物理层信息(例如物理层识别符)来路由消息的方法和设备来支持与一个或一个以上端节点(例如移动装置)的通信会话。本发明的方法和设备可与较大范围的通信系统一起使用。举例来说,本发明可与支持移动通信装置(例如配备有调制解调器的笔记本计算机、PDA和多种其它为了装置移动性而支持无线接口的装置)的系统一起使用。
图1说明根据本发明而实施的示范性通信系统100,例如蜂窝式通信网络,其包括多个通过通信链路互连的节点。示范性通信系统100是(例如)多址扩展频谱正交频分多路复用(OFDM)无线通信系统。所述示范性通信系统100中的节点基于通信协议(例如因特网协议(IP))而使用信号(例如消息)来交换信息。举例来说,可使用电线、光纤电缆和/或无线通信技术来实施系统100的通信链路。所述示范性通信系统100包含多个端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″、146″,所述端节点经由多个接入节点140、140′、140″来接入所述通信系统。所述端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″、146″可以是(例如)无线通信装置或终端,而所述接入节点140、140′、140″可以是(例如)基站。可将基站实施为无线接入路由器。所述示范性通信系统100还包含许多其它节点104、106、110和112,所述节点用于提供互连性或提供特定服务或功能。具体地说,所述示范性通信系统100包含服务器104,其用于支持与端节点有关的状态的传输和存储。举例来说,所述服务器节点104可以是AAA服务器,或者其可以是上下文传递服务器,或者其可以是包含AAA服务器功能性和上下文传递服务器功能性两者的服务器。
图1的示范性系统100描绘包含服务器104和节点106的网络102,所述服务器104和节点106分别通过对应网络链路105与107连接到中间网络节点110。网络102中的中间网络节点110还经由网络链路111将互连性提供给从所述网络102的角度来看处于外部的网络节点。将网络链路111连接到另一中间网络节点112,其分别经由网络链路141、141′、141″将连接性进一步提供给多个接入节点140、140′、140″。
将每个接入节点140、140′、140″描绘为分别经由对应的接入链路(145、147)、(145′、147′)、(145″、147″)分别将连接性提供给多个(N个)端节点(144、146)、(144′、146′)、(144″、146″)。在所述示范性通信系统100中,将每个接入节点140、140′、140″描绘为使用无线技术(例如无线接入链路)来提供接入。将每个接入节点140、140′、140″的无线电覆盖区域(例如通信小区)148、148′、148″分别说明为环绕对应接入节点的圆。
随后将所述示范性通信系统100用作本发明各个实施例的描述内容的基础。本发明的替代性实施例包含各种网络拓扑,其中网络节点的数目和类型、接入节点的数目和类型、端节点的数目和类型、服务器和其它代理的数目和类型、链路的数目和类型以及节点之间的互连性可不同于图1所描绘的示范性通信系统100的所述方面。
在本发明各个实施例中,可省略或组合图1所描绘的某些功能实体。还可改变这些功能实体在所述网络中的位置或放置。
图2提供根据本发明而实施的示范性端节点200(例如,例如移动节点的无线终端)的详细说明。图2所描绘的示范性端节点200是可用作图1所描绘的端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″、146″中的任一者的设备的详细表示。在图2的实施例中,端节点200包含通过总线206耦合在一起的处理器204、无线通信接口230、用户输入/输出接口240和存储器210。因此,端节点200的各个组件可经由总线206交换信息、信号和数据。端节点200的组件204、206、210、230、240位于外壳202内。
无线通信接口230提供端节点200的内部组件可借以将信号传送给外部装置和网络节点(例如接入节点)并从外部装置和网络节点(例如接入节点)接收信号的机制。无线通信接口230包含(例如)具有对应接收天线236的接收器模块232和具有对应发射天线238的发射器模块234,其用于(例如经由无线通信信道)将端节点200耦合到其它网络节点。在一些实施例中,发射器模块234包含正交频分多路复用(OFDM)发射器。
示范性端节点200还包含用户输入装置242(例如小键盘)和用户输出装置244(例如显示器),其经由用户输入/输出接口240耦合到总线206。因而,用户输入/输出装置242、244可经由用户输入/输出接口240和总线206与端节点200的其它组件交换信息、信号和数据。用户输入/输出接口240和相关联的装置242、244提供用户可借以操作端节点200以完成各种任务的机制。具体地说,用户输入装置242与用户输出装置244提供允许用户控制所述端节点200和在端节点200的存储器210中执行的应用程序(例如模块、程序、例行程序和/或函数)的功能性。
处理器204在各种包含在存储器210中的模块(例如例行程序)的控制下控制端节点200的操作以执行下文所论述的各种信令和处理。在启动时或在其它模块调用时执行所述包含在存储器210中的模块。在执行时,模块可交换数据、信息和信号。在执行时,模块还可共享数据和信息。在图2的实施例中,本发明的端节点200的存储器210包含信令/控制模块212和信令/控制数据214。
信令/控制模块212控制与接收和发送用于管理状态信息存储、检索和处理的信号(例如消息)有关的处理。信令/控制数据214包含状态信息,例如参数、状态和/或其它与端节点的操作有关的信息。具体地说,信令/控制数据214包含配置信息216(例如端节点识别信息)和操作信息218(例如关于当前处理状态、待决响应的状态等的信息)。模块212存取且/或修改数据214,从而(例如)更新配置信息216和/或操作信息218。
消息产生模块251负责产生用于端节点200的各种操作的消息。邻近者通知消息280和信令消息281是根据本发明而产生的示范性消息。
链路选择模块213负责从可用于端节点200的多个链路选择一链路(例如一最佳链路)用以传输准备由端节点200传输的下一消息。链路选择算法是基于各种链路质量参数的,包含(但不限于)链路等待时间、链路信道条件、链路错误率和链路传输功率要求中的至少一些参数。
物理层附接点识别符(PID)确定模块270负责确定对应于从接入节点接收到的广播信号的PID。PID确定模块270包含小区识别模块271、载波识别模块272和扇区识别模块273。在一些但并非所有实施例中,将小区识别符、载波识别符和扇区识别符的组合用作物理附接点识别符。这些识别符元素中的每一者都对应于物理层识别信息。举例来说,小区识别符识别物理小区或小区类型。载波识别符识别物理载波(例如载波频率或音调块),而扇区识别符识别对应小区中的扇区。不需要使用所有此信息来实施PID,且PID的特定元素可视系统实施方案而改变。举例来说,在不使用扇区化小区的系统中,将不需要扇区ID。类似地,在单载波系统中,可能不需要载波ID。在一个示范性系统中,进行PID确定包含以下步骤:操作小区识别模块271以确定小区识别符;操作载波识别模块272以确定载波识别符;以及操作扇区识别模块273以确定扇区识别符。因而,应了解,穿过单个物理发射器元件(例如天线)的不同信号可对应于不同物理层附接点,例如其中至少在本地区域内通过物理识别符的组合来唯一地识别所述不同物理层附接点中的每一者。举例来说,应了解,可使用天线或扇区识别符与第一载波识别符的组合来识别第一物理层附接点,而可使用第二载波识别符与所述同一天线或扇区识别符的组合来识别第二物理层附接点。
物理层附接点识别符(PID)信息260是PID列表(PID1 261、PID2 262),所述PID是使用所述PID确定模块260确定的PID。物理层附接点识别符(PID)的一个示范性实施方案可以是连接识别符(CID),在发送和/或接收消息时可将CID包含在消息中。下文进一步论述特定示范性CID。
存储器210还包含邻近者通知模块290、消息传输控制模块292和链路建立模块294。邻近者通知模块290用于将邻近者通知(例如邻近者通知消息280)传输到接入节点。消息传输控制模块292用于控制所述发射器模块234。链路建立模块294用于与接入节点建立无线通信链路。
图3提供根据本发明而实施的示范性接入节点300的详细说明。图3所描绘的示范性接入节点300是可用作图1所描绘的接入节点140、140′、140″中的任一者的设备的详细表示。在图3的实施例中,接入节点300包含通过总线306耦合在一起的处理器304、存储器310、网络/互联网络接口320和无线通信接口330。因此,接入节点300的各个组件可经由总线306交换信息、信号和数据。接入节点300的组件304、306、310、320、330位于外壳302内。
网络/互联网络接口320提供接入节点300的内部组件可借以将信号发送到外部装置和网络节点并从外部装置和网络节点接收信号的机制。网络/互联网络接口320包含接收器模块322和发射器模块324,其用于(例如经由铜线或光纤线)将所述节点300耦合到其它网络节点。无线通信接口330还提供接入节点300的内部组件可借以将信号发送到外部装置和网络节点(例如端节点)并从外部装置和网络节点(例如端节点)接收信号的机制。无线通信接口330包含(例如)具有对应接收天线336的接收器模块332和具有对应发射天线338的发射器模块334。接口330用于(例如经由无线通信信道)将接入节点300耦合到其它网络节点。
处理器304在各种包含在存储器310中的模块(例如例行程序)的控制下控制接入节点300的操作以执行各种信令和处理。在启动时或在其它可能存在于存储器310中的模块调用时执行所述包含在存储器310中的模块。在执行时,模块可交换数据、信息和信号。在执行时,模块还可共享数据和信息。
在图3的实施例中,本发明的接入节点300的存储器310包含:信号产生模块314,其用于产生信号;包路由模块350,其负责信号和消息的路由;映射模块312,其负责将PID映射到网络层地址;地址解析表311,其包含PID到IP地址映射317。存储器310还包含:端节点识别模块351,其用于识别正与接入节点300通信的端节点;上行链路资源分配信息340,其负责将上行链路资源分配给端节点,所述上行链路资源包含分配给端节点X的资源341;以及下行链路资源分配信息345,其负责将下行链路资源分配给端节点,所述下行链路资源包含分配给端节点X的资源346。
现简要参看图9,图9说明可用作图3所示的地址解析表311的地址解析表311′。所述地址解析表311′包含PID 902、904、906、908、910、912和分别指示对应IP地址903、905、907、909、911和913的信息。每个PID在本地都是唯一的,例如直接邻近小区的PID彼此之间是唯一的。应注意,PID的内容可视接入节点的物理特征和所述PID所对应的接入节点所支持的物理层附接点的数目而改变。在图9的实例中,PID 902、904对应于第一接入节点(AN 1),所述接入节点支持两个使用同一载波的扇区。因此,在AN1的情况下,PID包含小区识别符和扇区类型识别符便足以唯一地识别所述小区中的物理层附接点。PID 906、908、910对应于支持多个载波和多个扇区的小区。因此,以与本文进一步论述的各种示范性实施例中所使用的方式相同的方式来将接入节点2的PID实施为CID。PID 912对应于第三接入节点,所述接入节点包含单个扇区并使用单个载波。因此,对应于所述第三接入节点的PID 6只包含小区识别符便足够,但还可包含额外物理层识别(例如扇区和/或载波识别符)。从处理角度来说,在需要越过多个小区的一致PID格式的情况下,可能需要包含此类额外信息。
现参看图4,图4说明根据本发明而实施的示范性连接识别符(CID)400。CID 400包含:斜率410,其为小区识别符;扇区420,其为扇区识别符;以及载波430,其为载波频率识别符(也称为音调块识别符)。
在使用OFDM技术的示范性通信系统中,在物理层中,将频谱分成许多音调并重新用于邻近地理区域内的小区和扇区中。为了改进干扰特征,用于每个小区/扇区中的音调随时间的过去而跳跃,且邻近地理区域内的不同小区和扇区使用不同的跳跃序列,所述跳跃序列指定所述音调应如何跳跃。使用以两个输入变量(即小区识别符(例如斜率值)和扇区识别符)控制的预定函数来产生所述跳跃序列。可将扇区识别符实施为扇区类型识别符,其指示特定扇区对应于多种可能扇区类型中的哪一种。在一个实施例中,斜率值是从1到112的整数,且扇区识别符值是从0到5的整数。邻近小区和扇区使用不同斜率与扇区识别符对,使得所产生的跳跃序列不同。在一个实施例中,小区中的所有扇区使用同一斜率值,但使用不同的扇区识别符,且邻近(例如物理上相邻)小区使用不同斜率值。
此外,在一些实施例中,所述示范性OFDM通信系统使用多个载波或音调块,使得将可用音调分组成多个音调块。音调块中的音调优选是连续的。在一个示范性系统中,给定音调块中的音调跳跃局限于所述音调块。即,所述跳跃序列使得所述音调可在所述音调块内跳跃,但不能越过多个音调块而跳跃。用载波识别符来给音调块编索引。在一个实施例中,所述载波识别符是整数0、1或2。
当端节点设置连接以获得无线联网服务时,网络侧上的实体是接入节点(例如小区/扇区中的基站),并相对于单个音调块来定义所述连接。因此,在上述示范性OFDM通信系统中,可将斜率、扇区识别符和载波识别符的组合用作识别用于所述无线终端的连接的本地唯一的识别符。因而,所述组合是基于一个或一个以上物理层识别符的连接识别符。在一个实施例中,多个无线终端可在同一音调块上具有与同一基站小区/扇区的连接。由于那些连接连接到如由小区、扇区和音调块的组合所定义的同一物理层附接点,所以那些连接通常会共享同一连接识别符。可使用连接识别符与无线终端识别符的组合来指示与特定无线终端的通信连接。
一般来说,连接识别符是本地唯一地识别连接的数字或数字组合。在各种实施例中,所述数字或多个数字是物理层特征参数。在另一实施例(例如CDMA通信系统的示范性实施例)中,连接识别符可以是伪噪声(PN)序列偏移与另一参数(例如,如果使用多个载波,那么是载波识别符)的组合。
图5说明根据本发明的使用图4的连接识别符的示范性消息500。示范性消息500是包含CID目的地/来源地址的链路层消息。根据本发明的一些实施例,在链路层消息中,所述CID目的地/来源地址是可选字段。链路层消息500包含链路层控制(LLC)类型字段510,其识别包含在所述消息500中的消息主体530的类型。CID 520是具有图4的连接ID 400的形式的连接ID。在本发明的一个实施例中,CID字段520在根据本发明从端节点发送到接入节点时识别目的地物理附接点,且在根据本发明从接入节点发送到端节点时识别来源物理附接。
图6说明根据本发明各个示范性实施例而执行的示范性通信方法和对应信令。在图6中,端节点630经由接入节点610与接入节点620通信,在端节点630与接入节点620之间没有无线上行链路链路,且所述端节点不必知道接入节点620的IP地址。在图1中说明的示范性系统100的上下文中说明所述信令。接入节点610和620类似于图1中的系统100的接入节点140、140′和140″,且接入节点610和620根据图3的接入节点300而实施。端节点630类似于图1中的系统100的端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″和146″,且端节点630根据图2中的端节点200而实施。
在图6中,端节点630与接入节点610维持双向链路,这意味着其可将消息传送给接入节点610并从接入节点610接收消息。图6中的端节点630尽管位于接入节点620的传输范围内,但与接入节点620不具有上行链路。这意味着虽然端节点630可接收并处理接入节点620所发送的广播信息(例如广播消息640),但端节点630不能通过空中将消息发送给接入节点620,且接入节点620不能接收并处理端节点630用空中接口发送给它的消息。在本发明的一个实施例中,这可能是因为端节点630和接入节点620不具有足够的定时同步。由于某些限制(例如有限的硬件能力),端节点630可能不能够在端节点630当前与接入节点610具有双向连接时与接入节点620建立上行链路连接。在一个实施例中,接入节点610和接入节点620所使用的上行链路处于不同载波,例如接入节点610所使用的上行链路的频带不同于接入节点620所使用的上行链路的频带。如果(例如)因为出于成本考虑端节点630只具有一个射频(RF)链所以端节点630只能在给定时间在一个频带中产生上行链路信号,那么端节点630不能在两个单独的频带中同时维持两个上行链路连接。在其中接入节点610和620所使用的上行链路处于同一频带中的另一实施例中,所述两个上行链路可能在时间上不同步,这是因为所述两个接入节点在时间上不同步,或因为信号从所述端节点630到达接入节点610和620的传播延迟的差异。如果(例如)因为端节点630具有每次受限于一个定时方案的单个数字处理链所以端节点630每次根据一个定时同步方案只能产生一个上行链路信号,那么当所述连接彼此在定时上不够同步时,端节点630不能同时维持两个上行链路连接。
端节点630接收接入节点620所传输的广播信号640。根据本发明的实施例,信号640足以确定对应于传输广播信号640的接入节点620的特定物理附接的连接ID(类似于图4的CID 400)。所述信号640可包含信标和/或导频信号,其可在一个或一个以上符号传输时间周期内传输。
端节点630将消息650传输到接入节点610。在本发明的示范性实施例中,所述消息650与图5的示范性消息500相同或类似。将所述消息650的CID字段(等效于图5的CID 520)设置为识别广播信号640的接入节点620的物理附接点的连接识别符。因而,尽管将所述消息650发送给接入节点610,但其目的地是接入节点620。应注意,由于图6的实例中的端节点630与接入节点620不具有上行链路,所以其不能将消息650直接发送给接入节点620。
接入节点610接收消息650并检查消息650的CID字段(对应图5的CID 520),并从所存储的CID到链路层识别信息中发现其不识别其自己的物理附接点中的一者。在此情况下,接入节点610针对消息650的所述CID搜索其存储器以找到到达用于接入节点620的对应较高层识别符(例如IP地址)的映射。
举例来说,包含多个在单个链路层控制器下进行操作的扇区和/或多个在单个链路层控制器下所使用的载波的基站可具有与对应于单个链路层控制器的链路层识别符相对应的多个CID。在将单独的链路层控制器用于每个扇区和/或载波的实施例中,可将不同链路层识别符用于不同扇区和/或载波中的每一者。在一些实施例中,物理附接点与链路层之间存在一对一映射,但这并不是必需的,且可能存在若干在单个链路层下操作的物理附接点。因而,多个物理层识别符可对应于同一链路层链路识别符,但每个物理层识别符连接识别符通常至多映射到单个链路层链路识别符。
假定找到到达较高层地址的映射,接入节点610将消息650的至少一部分包封到包含被设置为接入节点620的识别符的目的地地址的网络层消息660中,并将所述消息660传输到接入节点620。根据本发明,消息660还包含端节点630识别符,依据所述实施例,所述识别符是端节点630IP地址、端节点630网络接入识别符(NAI)和临时识别符中的一者。接入节点620接收所述消息660并从中提取消息650的被包封部分。接入节点620检查所提取的消息650的被包封部分的CID字段,并识别所述CID字段识别其自己的物理附接点中的一者。
接入节点620发送消息670,所述消息包含接入节点620所接收到的包封在消息660中的消息650的至少一部分。所述消息670还包含与包含在消息660中的一个识别符类似的端节点630识别符。接着,接入节点610接收消息670,并通过检查所包含的端节点识别符来确定所述消息670包封目的地为端节点630的消息680。接着,接入节点610发送包含所述消息670的至少一部分的消息680。根据本发明,消息680包含广播信号640的接入节点620的物理附接点的CID。
端节点630从接入节点610接收消息680,但通过检查包含在所述消息680中的CID字段(例如通过将其与所存储CID信息进行比较),端节点630确定消息680响应于早先发送给接入节点620的消息650而发源于接入节点620。
图7说明根据本发明各个实施例而执行的示范性信令。在图1中所说明的示范性系统100的上下文中说明所述信令。端节点710是图2的端节点200的简化描绘,且其与图1中的系统100的端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″、146″相同或类似。接入节点740和750类似于图1中的系统100的接入节点140、140′和140″,且接入节点740和750是使用图3的接入节点300来实施的。在图7中,端节点710包含消息产生模块720和链路选择模块730。图7的消息产生模块720可由在端节点710中运行的应用程序用来产生消息以达到其目的。举例来说,连接控制协议应用程序可能包含在端节点710中并在其中有效,从而允许所述端节点710出于在端节点710与接入节点740、750中的一者或两者之间产生、断开和/或修改链路的目的而与接入节点通信。另一实例是可包含在端节点710中的服务质量(QoS)应用程序。所述QOS应用程序在存在时可修改端节点710的各种链路的QoS特征。图7的链路选择模块730测量连接质量的各种度量(包含链路等待时间、链路信道条件、链路错误率和链路传输功率要求)以确定(例如在逐消息基础上或在特定时间点)可用链路中哪一链路对于下一消息的传输最适合。
所得链路质量信息可(且在各个实施例中是)用于确定在特定时间点应将消息传输到多个同时链路中的哪一链路。
在图7中,端节点710与接入节点740和750维持双向链路,这意味着其可将消息发送给接入节点740和750并从接入节点740和750接收消息。在本发明的此实施例中,端节点710的消息产生模块720产生消息759,其最终目的地是接入节点740。首先在端节点710的链路选择模块730中发送消息759。链路选择模块730在到达接入节点740和750的链路之间选择待在上面传输下一消息的链路。所述链路确定功能是基于包含链路等待时间、链路信道条件、链路错误率和链路传输功率要求中的至少一者的链路特征的。
在图7中所描绘的本发明的示范性实施例中,链路选择模块730选择到达接入节点740的链路,并在所述链路上传输消息760。消息760包含消息759的至少某一部分,且在本发明的某一实施例中,包含用于通过端节点710与接入节点740之间的链路来传输消息的额外字段。举例来说,在一些实施例中,所述额外字段是链路成帧字段。由于消息759和760的最终目的地是接入节点740,所以接入节点740接收消息760,处理接收到的消息并(例如)通过将消息765传输到端节点710来作出响应。端节点710接收消息765并将其作为消息766传递到消息产生模块。消息产生模块720产生第二消息769,其最终目的地是接入节点740。将消息769发送给链路选择模块730,其选择待在上面传输消息769的链路。在本发明的此实施例中,选择到达接入节点750的链路且将消息770传输到接入节点750。消息770包含消息769的至少一部分,且在本发明的一些实施例中,包含用于通过端节点710与750之间的链路来传输消息的额外字段。举例来说,在一些实施例中,所述额外字段是链路成帧字段。
在本发明的一个实施例中,链路选择模块730将接入节点740的识别符(例如物理附接点识别符)连同消息769的至少一部分添加在包括消息770中,因为链路选择模块730所选择的用于传输消息770的链路并不对应于消息770的最终目的地(其为接入节点740)。在本发明的另一实施例中,与选择哪一链路来进行其传输无关,链路选择模块在其传输所述消息760和770之前添加消息760和770的最终目的地的识别符。在本发明的另一实施例中,消息759、769包含其最终目的地的识别符。举例来说,在图7的示范性实施例的实例中,最终目的地的识别符对应于接入节点740。
在本发明的一个示范性实施例中,根据图5的消息500来实施消息770,其中CID字段520识别接入节点740。接入节点750接收消息770并对其进行处理。通过检查消息770的最终目的地(例如图5的消息500的CID字段520中的物理附接点识别符),接入节点750确定消息770并非打算供其自身使用而是打算供由最终目的地识别符(例如CID字段中的CID)所识别的某一其它节点使用。接入节点750在其地址解析表(见图3的接入节点300中的地址解析表311)中查找包括在消息770中的物理附接点识别符(PID),以找到对应于包括在消息770中的PID的网络地址(例如IP地址)。
接入节点750将消息770的至少一部分包封在适当的网络层标头中,并将消息775传输到接入节点740。消息775包含:消息770的至少一部分,以及接入节点740的IP地址中的至少一些。此外,消息775可(且在各个实施例中确实)包含一些或所有以下各项:接入节点750的IP地址、包含在消息770中的接入节点740的PID、在上面接收消息770的接入节点750的PID、端节点710识别符以及用于将消息包封(也称为隧穿)在接入节点750与接入节点740之间的会话识别符。接入节点740接收消息775,接入节点740将此消息识别为来自包含在消息775中的目的地PID的供其自身使用的消息。
在本发明的一个实施例中,接入节点740通过传输包含消息775的至少一部分的消息780来作出响应。接入节点750接收包含端节点710识别符的消息780,并将消息785发送到端节点710。消息785包含消息780的至少一部分。端节点710接收消息785,并将消息786转发到消息产生模块720。
在本发明的另一实施例中,接入节点740通过将包含消息775的至少一部分的消息780′传输到端节点710来作出响应。通过接入节点740与端节点710之间的直接链路来传输消息780′。
图8说明根据本发明示范性实施例而执行的示范性信令,其中将端节点用作邻近者发现与CID路由信息更新过程的一部分。在例如图1中说明的系统100的示范性系统的上下文中说明所述信令。端节点810是图2的端节点200的简化描绘,且其与图1中的系统100的端节点144、146、144′、146′、144″、146″相同或类似。接入节点840和850与图1中的系统100的接入节点140、140′和140″相同或类似,且可(例如)使用图3中说明的类型的接入节点来实施接入节点840和850。在图8的实例中,端节点810与接入节点840具有双向通信链路,从而允许其将消息发送给接入节点840并从接入节点840接收消息。
在图8中,端节点810产生消息860并将其传输到接入节点840。消息860包含将接入节点850识别为所述消息的目的地的识别符。接入节点840接收消息860,并试图通过搜索其地址解析表(例如图3的接入节点300的地址解析表311)来将包含在所述消息中的接入节点850识别符解析为网络地址。在图8的实例中,接入节点840无法解析所述识别符。接入节点840接着将消息865传输到端节点810。消息865包含由于解析失败而不可能路由消息的指示。
在本发明的一个实施例中,端节点810此时通过交换多种消息(在图8中展示为双箭头消息870)与接入节点850建立双向通信链路。然而,如果已经存在与接入节点850的双向链路,那么这是不必要的。在其中使用本发明的另一实例中,除与接入节点840的链路外,端节点810还已具有与接入节点850的双向链路。
使用与接入节点850的链路,端节点810将新的邻近者通知消息875传输到接入节点850。消息875包含接入节点840的至少一识别符和接入节点840的网络层地址。以此方式,向所述接入节点850供应识别符(例如接入节点840的PID)和对应的链路层地址(例如MAC地址)两者,所述接入节点850可寻址所述地址并存储所述地址以供将来将物理层识别符解析为网络层识别符。在本发明的一个实施例中,接入节点840识别符是物理附接点识别符;在本发明的另一实施例中,其为链路层识别符。端节点810从在与接入节点840建立链路期间或之后传送到端节点810的通信消息897处知道接入节点840的网络层识别符。
在本发明的替代性实施例中,端节点810发送消息875′而不是消息875。消息875′具有与消息875相同或类似的消息内容,但其经由接入节点840发送到接入节点850而不是直接发送到接入节点850。接入节点840接着将消息875′作为消息875″路由到接入节点850。应注意,与消息860不同,消息875′是网络层消息,其包含接入节点850网络地址作为其目的地。端节点810从在与接入节点850建立链路期间或之后传送的通信消息899处知道接入节点850的网络地址。出于此原因,接入节点840可使用接入节点850的网络地址(例如IP地址)将消息875″路由到接入节点850,而不必执行CID到地址解析操作。
接入节点850接收消息875,并将从消息875检索到的新邻近者产生消息880发送到接入节点840的网络地址。消息880包含针对接入节点850的连接识别符到网络层地址映射。在本发明的另一实施例中,消息880包含针对接入节点850的链路层识别符到网络层地址映射。在本发明的另一实施例中,消息880包含用于适应端节点越区切换的额外邻近者信息,所述额外邻近者信息包含(但不限于):用于接入节点840与850之间的包重定向的隧道地址和隧道会话识别符;接入节点850相对于所支持的服务质量、负载、协议和应用程序的能力。接入节点840接收消息880,并将包含在消息880中的信息存储在其存储器中(例如)以供将来用于CID到网络地址解析操作。接入节点840使用确认接收到包含在消息880中的所述信息的消息882来作出响应。
在本发明的一个实施例中,接入节点840在消息882中包含以下各项中的一些:针对接入节点850的连接识别符到网络层地址映射;针对接入节点850的链路层识别符到网络层地址映射;用于适应端节点越区切换的邻近者信息,所述邻近者信息包含(但不限于)用于接入节点840与850之间的包重定向的隧道地址和隧道会话识别符,和/或指示接入节点840相对于所支持的服务质量、负载、协议和应用程序的能力的信息。接入节点840接收消息880,并将包含在消息880中的信息存储在其存储器中或(例如)供将来用于路由消息。在本发明的此特定实施例中,不使用消息883和884。
在本发明的另一实施例中,接入节点840消息882包含对接收到包含在消息880中的信息的确认。在本发明的此实施例中,接入节点840发送消息883,所述消息包含以下各项中的至少一些:针对接入节点850的连接识别符到网络层地址映射;针对接入节点850的链路层识别符到网络层地址映射;用于适应端节点越区切换的邻近者信息,所述邻近者信息包含(但不限于)用于接入节点840与850之间的包重定向的隧道地址和隧道会话识别符;接入节点840相对于所支持的服务质量、负载、协议和应用程序的能力。接入节点850接收消息883,并将包含在消息883中的信息存储在其存储器中(例如)以供将来使用。接入节点850通过确认所述信息的接收的消息884来作出响应。
在经由消息880、882以及(视情况)883和884在接入节点840与850之间交换邻近信息和识别符到地址映射之后,端节点810将消息890发送到接入节点840。在本发明的一个实施例中,类似于消息860,消息890还与图5的消息500相同或类似。消息890将接入节点850识别为其最终目的地。接入节点840接收消息890,搜索其存储器以找出接入节点850识别符与所述节点850的网络地址之间的映射,并在其地址解析表中找到较早由消息880填入的所述网络地址。接入节点840根据所述解析表中的信息来包封消息890,并将其以消息891的形式发送到接入节点850。接入节点850再次使用其地址解析表中的信息和消息891来以消息892作出响应。接入节点840将包含从接入节点850接收到的消息892的至少一部分的消息893发送到端节点810,从而经由接入节点840完成端节点810与接入节点850之间的通信交换。
以上述方式,通过使用来自端节点810的消息,接入节点840和850具备关于彼此的可用于路由随后接收到的消息的地址和/或PID信息。因此,在将接入节点添加到网络时,端节点可用于从广播信号中发现其存在,并将新的邻近者告知接入节点。作为所述通知过程的一部分,在已完成所述通知过程之后,分配足够的地址信息来促进基于网络PID的消息路由。
在各个实施例中,使用一个或一个以上模块来实施本文所描述的节点,以执行对应于本发明的一个或一个以上方法的步骤,例如信号处理、消息产生和/或传输步骤。因而,在一些实施例中,使用模块来实施本发明的各种特征。可使用软件、硬件或软件与硬件的组合来实施此类模块。可使用机器可执行指令(例如软件)来实施上述方法或方法步骤中的许多方法或方法步骤,所述机器可执行指令包含在例如存储器装置的机器可读取媒体(例如RAM、软盘等)中以控制机器(例如具有或不具有额外硬件的通用计算机)以(例如)在一个或一个以上节点中实施上文所述的方法的全部或若干部分。因此,本发明(尤其)针对一种包括机器可执行指令的机器可读媒体,所述机器可执行指令用于致使机器(例如处理器和相关联的硬件)执行上文所述的方法的一个或一个以上步骤。
鉴于本发明的上述描述内容,所属领域的技术人员将明白对上文所述的本发明的方法和装置的大量额外改变。将此类改变视为在本发明的范围内。本发明的方法和设备可(且在各个实施例中是)与CDMA、正交频分多路复用(OFDM)或可用以提供接入节点与移动节点之间的无线通信链路的各种其它类型的通信技术一起使用。在一些实施例中,将接入节点实施为基站,其使用OFDM和/或CDMA与移动节点建立通信链路。在各个实施例中,将移动节点实施为笔记本计算机、个人数据助理(PDA)或包含接收器/发射器电路以及逻辑和/或例行程序的其它便携式装置,以用于实施本发明的方法。
Claims (26)
1.一种操作无线终端的方法,所述方法包括:
从第一接入节点接收信号,所述信号指示路由信息不可供所述第一接入节点用于使用包含在第一消息中的目的地识别符来路由所述第一消息;以及
将邻近者通知消息传输到对应于所述目的地识别符的第二接入节点,所述邻近者通知消息包含对应于所述第一接入节点的识别信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在从所述第一接入节点接收所述信号之前,通过无线通信链路将所述第一消息传输到所述第一接入节点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在接收到所述信号之后并在传输所述邻近者通知消息之前,与所述第二接入节点建立所述无线通信链路。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在传输所述邻近者通知消息之后,将第二消息传输到所述第一接入节点,所述第二消息包含所述目的地识别符。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其进一步包括:
从所述第一接入节点接收对所述第二消息的响应。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述目的地识别符是物理附接点识别符,其识别所述第二接入节点处的物理附接点。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中对应于所述第一接入节点的所述识别信息包含以下各项中的至少一者:
i)对应于所述第一接入节点的物理附接点识别符;
ii)对应于所述第一接入节点的链路层附接点识别符;以及
iii)对应于所述第一接入节点的网络层IP地址。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中传输所述邻近者通知消息包含通过所述第一接入节点将所述邻近者通知消息传输到所述第二接入节点;以及
其中所述邻近者通知消息包含以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第二接入节点的链路层附接点识别符,以及ii)对应于所述第二接入节点的网络层IP地址。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述物理附接点是无线链路附接点。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述物理附接点识别符包含以下各项中的至少两者:小区识别符、载波识别符以及扇区识别符。
11.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述目的地识别符是链路层识别符,其识别所述第二接入节点处的链路层附接点。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中对应于所述第一接入节点的所述识别信息包括以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第一接入节点的物理附接点识别符;ii)对应于所述第一接入节点的链路层附接点识别符;以及iii)对应于所述第一接入节点的网络层IP地址。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中传输所述邻近者通知消息包括通过所述第一接入节点将所述邻近者通知消息传输到所述第二接入节点;以及
其中所述邻近者通知消息包含以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第二接入节点的链路层附接点识别符,以及ii)对应于所述第二接入节点的网络层IP地址。
14.一种操作无线终端的设备,所述设备包括:
用于从第一接入节点接收信号的模块,所述信号指示路由信息不可供所述第一接入节点用于使用包含在第一消息中的目的地识别符来路由所述第一消息;以及
用于将邻近者通知消息传输到对应于所述目的地识别符的第二接入节点的模块,所述邻近者通知消息包含对应于所述第一接入节点的识别信息。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备,其进一步包括:
用于在从所述第一接入节点接收所述信号之前,通过无线通信链路将所述第一消息传输到所述第一接入节点的模块。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其进一步包括:
用于在接收到所述信号之后并在传输所述邻近者通知消息之前,与所述第二接入节点建立所述无线通信链路的模块。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其进一步包括:
用于在传输所述邻近者通知消息之后,将第二消息传输到所述第一接入节点,所述第二消息包含所述目的地识别符的模块。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备,其进一步包括:
用于从所述第一接入节点接收对所述第二消息的响应的模块。
19.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述目的地识别符是物理附接点识别符,其识别所述第二接入节点处的物理附接点。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备,其中对应于所述第一接入节点的所述识别信息包含以下各项中的至少一者:
i)对应于所述第一接入节点的物理附接点识别符;
ii)对应于所述第一接入节点的链路层附接点识别符;以及
iii)对应于所述第一接入节点的网络层IP地址。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其中用于传输所述邻近者通知消息的模块包含用于通过所述第一接入节点将所述邻近者通知消息传输到所述第二接入节点的模块;以及
其中所述邻近者通知消息包含以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第二接入节点的链路层附接点识别符,以及ii)对应于所述第二接入节点的网络层IP地址。
22.根据权利要求19所述的设备,其中所述物理附接点是无线链路附接点。
23.根据权利要求22所述的设备,其中所述物理附接点识别符包含以下各项中的至少两者:小区识别符、载波识别符以及扇区识别符。
24.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述目的地识别符是链路层识别符,其识别所述第二接入节点处的链路层附接点。
25.根据权利要求24所述的设备,其中对应于所述第一接入节点的所述识别信息包括以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第一接入节点的物理附接点识别符;ii)对应于所述第一接入节点的链路层附接点识别符;以及iii)对应于所述第一接入节点的网络层IP地址。
26.根据权利要求25所述的设备,其中用于传输所述邻近者通知消息的模块包括用于通过所述第一接入节点将所述邻近者通知消息传输到所述第二接入节点的模块;以及
其中所述邻近者通知消息包含以下各项中的至少一者:i)对应于所述第二接入节点的链路层附接点识别符,以及ii)对应于所述第二接入节点的网络层IP地址。
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PL1964339T3 (pl) | 2010-11-30 |
ATE473570T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
KR101495947B1 (ko) | 2015-02-26 |
KR20140019883A (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
CA2630585C (en) | 2017-03-21 |
BRPI0620304A2 (pt) | 2011-11-08 |
DE602006015354D1 (de) | 2010-08-19 |
WO2007075955A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
US9078084B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
AR058644A1 (es) | 2008-02-13 |
KR20080087853A (ko) | 2008-10-01 |
EP1964339A1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
ES2346696T3 (es) | 2010-10-19 |
RU2419230C2 (ru) | 2011-05-20 |
EP1964339B1 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
CA2630585A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
TWI420854B (zh) | 2013-12-21 |
JP4733190B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
KR101312218B1 (ko) | 2013-09-27 |
CN103561399A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
RU2008130055A (ru) | 2010-01-27 |
TW200742453A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CN103561399B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
US20070147283A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
KR20120101568A (ko) | 2012-09-13 |
KR20100133464A (ko) | 2010-12-21 |
JP2009521867A (ja) | 2009-06-04 |
BRPI0620304B1 (pt) | 2019-08-13 |
CN101331722A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
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