CN101326899B - Cage culture method, net cage and system including the net cage - Google Patents
Cage culture method, net cage and system including the net cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN101326899B CN101326899B CN2007100423932A CN200710042393A CN101326899B CN 101326899 B CN101326899 B CN 101326899B CN 2007100423932 A CN2007100423932 A CN 2007100423932A CN 200710042393 A CN200710042393 A CN 200710042393A CN 101326899 B CN101326899 B CN 101326899B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a cage culture method, a cage and a system comprising the cage. The periphery and the bottom of the cage adopt water-proof thermal-insulating cloth with certain strength; the top part is opened, a drainage hole is arranged at the bottom of the cage; a water distribution system is arranged above the cage, and the entire cage is arranged in the water; low-temperature water is pumped by a pump from the deep part of the lake through the water distribution system, and the water flows into the cage from the upper part of the cage; the water in the cage is cooled or heated up to ensure proper temperature for the normal growth of fish which needs different temperatures; in addition, a mesh bag is arranged inside the cage for catching the fish, and thereby, the fish can be caught and lifted up easily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of fish culture in net pen, the system of installing and comprising this device, especially relate to and a kind ofly can regulate the fish-cultivating method of water temperature in the net cage, the system of installing and comprising this device.
Background technology
Sturgeon is the cartilage ganoid, is distributed widely in the river such as Xinjiang, Heilungkiang, the Yellow River, the Changjiang river, the Zhujiang River and continuous lake and shallow sea thereof of China, and the thick bone of its meat is soft, nutritious, delicious flavour has very high economic worth, the title that " black gold " is arranged, especially the caviar that is processed into the sturgeon ovum has won fame both at home and abroad especially, and its meat, that ovum contains protein is high, the micromicro glue, simultaneously also be high-grade leather material, kiss, stomach, intestines, fish muscle all are first-class delicacies, and its whole body all is precious.Along with the minimizing of its wild resource, artificial fecundation and propagate artificially in succession and carried out.The kind that China has carried out artificial propagation and breed has mandarin sturgeon, acipenser schrencki, also have paddlefish, North America short kiss sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, the high first sturgeon of the U.S. and hybrid sturgeon etc. from external introduction, the aquatic products dealer is the breed prospect of good sturgeon generally, channel infusion of financial resources by different enters the ranks of artificial propagation and breed.The focus that China is just forming an artificial propagation and culturing sturgeon.
In abundant water, dissolved oxygen abundance, the good areas of water quality such as rivers and lakes, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and reservoirs, the time that is fit to the sturgeon growth in 1 year is longer, and the cycle of forming adult fish is short, is fit to sturgeon cultivation.But sturgeon is particularly had relatively high expectations to water temperature as cold water fishes such as Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, Siberia sturgeons to water body, water source, water quality, illumination etc., and when water temperature was higher than 28 degrees centigrade, the lethality of such cold water fish was very high; For cold water fishes, because the water temperature in southern summer is too high, the breed of can't directly aestivating in resourceful waters, make the cold water sturgeon cultivation difficulty of aestivating, existing method is to adopt by being provided with the indoor industrially-cultured of refrigeration cooling system or being moved back into the breeding way of aestivating in the north.This industrial aquaculture mode needs a large amount of cycle water and water body cooling installation, and energy resource consumption is bigger, and the equipment investment expense is higher, has increased the cost of culturing.Retract the north and aestivate, need facilities for transporting live fish, and dead fish loss is arranged again in the transportation, cause overall breed survival rate to descend, improved aquaculture cost greatly.
Benefit such as cage culture has that equipment investment is few, convenient management and operating cost are low, existing floating frame fish culture cage in different waters, the balancing weight and the anchorage system that generally comprise the rigidity or the flexible frame that can float on the surface, the nylon that was easy to water or polyethylene material etting, bottom are formed, the net cage body that etting surrounds forms cuboid or cylindrical cavity volume in water, the shoal of fish is trapped among in the cavity volume and cultures.Existing fish culture cage is for cold water fishes, can't be in the breed of aestivating of resourceful southern water area.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is: the method for a kind of fish culture in net pen, the system of installing and comprising this device are provided, even so that at summer temperature when higher, can guarantee that also water temperature can reach the requirement of cultured fishes to water temperature in the cage culture zone.
For solveing the technical problem according to fish-cultivating method of the present invention, the employing fish culture cage is breeded fish, be characterized in, comprise step: (a), around net cage and the bottom cloth of waterproof and poor thermal conductivity is set, and be formed with opening at the top of described net cage and the bottom is formed with osculum; (b), a water distribution system is set, be provided with water pump in the described water distribution system, be used to extract the swallow of lake water, river, underground water, phreatic water, to regulate the water temperature in the described net cage.
The fish culture apparatus of the described fish-cultivating method of enforcement of the present invention, comprise the net cage of breeding fish, be characterized in, cloth and top that around the described net cage and bottom is provided with waterproof and poor heat conductivity are formed with opening, the bottom of described net cage is provided with osculum, and described osculum is provided with the net that prevents that fish from runing away.
Described fish culture apparatus, its further characteristics be, is provided with one or more mesh bags in described net cage, and fish culture is in described guipure.
Described fish culture apparatus, its further characteristics be, also comprises scupper hose, and an end of described scupper hose is connected to described osculum, and the other end of described scupper hose can surface.
Described fish culture apparatus, its further characteristics be, also comprises valve, and described valve is arranged at described osculum, to open or close described osculum.
The fish culture in net pen system that comprises described fish culture apparatus of the present invention, comprise the net cage that at least one is breeded fish, be characterized in, cloth and top that around the described net cage and bottom is provided with waterproof and poor heat conductivity are formed with opening, the bottom of described net cage is provided with osculum, is provided with water distribution system above net cage, is provided with water pump in the described water distribution system, the swallow that is used for lake water, river, underground water, phreatic water is to regulate the water temperature in the described net cage.
Described fish farming system, its further characteristics are, comprise a plurality of net cage groups, each described net cage group comprises a plurality of described net cages and at least one described water pump, and the described water pump in each described net cage group is identical with the pipeline jointing construction of described net cage, one of them described net cage group comprises trunk line, first subtube, second subtube and arm, described water pump is by described trunk line output water body, described trunk line is communicated with described first subtube and described second subtube respectively, on described first subtube, be communicated with a plurality of described arms, the water body of described water pump output flows into described net cage from described arm, described second subtube is communicated with described first subtube of other described net cage group, at described trunk line, described first subtube, described second subtube and described arm are respectively arranged with valve.
Fish-cultivating method of the present invention has many advantages.With the breed area, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River fish is example, when summer high temperature, temperature of surface water is usually more than 32 ℃, the limit life temperature of cold water fishes such as sturgeon is 28 ℃, high temperature can cause the cold water fish death in the common net cage, water temperature in water temperature that the lake is dark or the deep-well can be below 13 ℃, adopt the equipment such as water pump of method of the present invention by water distribution system that the swallow of low temperature is poured in the net cage, heat exchange through swallow and surperficial water body, make the water temperature in the net cage just can be reduced to below 28 ℃, thereby solved northern cold water fishes and transferred to the problem that culture in south, improve the economic benefit of cage culture widely, expand the aquaculture model of cold water fish and culture the space.
Net cage of the present invention also has many advantages, such as, sealing is waterproof by adopting, heat insulation cloth forms, water body in the net cage is subjected to the water temperature around the net cage to influence little, can make swallow and surface water form the water body circulation and reach the purpose that reduces water temperature, thereby can making full use of cage culture, to have an equipment investment few, convenient management, operating cost is low, the river, south, reservoir, characteristics such as water resource are enriched in the lake, compared with existing indoor industrially-cultured or be moved back into the breeding way of aestivating in the north, device of the present invention has reduced the required energy consumption of fish culture apparatus, make the equipment investment expense of breeding fish reduce because of need not refrigeration plant, also, improved overall breed survival rate because of need not that fish is carried out long-distance migration.
In addition, methods, devices and systems of the present invention can be applied to other cold water fish in southern cage culture, and can be used as the net cage that temperate water fishes is passed the winter in the north, such as, waters such as the lake, reservoir in the north winter temperature of surface water low and water temperature depth of water layer place is higher relatively, the high-temperature water that fish-cultivating method of the present invention and device also can extract deep layer pours in the net cage of water meter, improves the water temperature in the net cage.
The osculum of fish culture cage of the present invention and scupper hose also have its significant advantage, when the water surface is left in the scupper hose outlet, water body in the net cage and outside water body are isolated, this net cage can be used as the dipping net cage and uses, in the time of under scupper hose places the water surface, swallow is drawn in the net cage body, and it is external that the water body in the net cage body flows to net cage by osculum and scupper hose again, by the heat exchange of swallow and surface water, realize the cooling or the intensification of water body in the net cage.
Fish culture cage of the present invention, play the fish mode and have its significant advantage equally, the net cage that heat-insulating material is made is very heavy, be difficult to when playing fish whole net cage is left the water, therefore in net cage by mesh bag is arranged, mesh bag and net cage inwall are adjacent to, fish is raised in mesh bag, mention mesh bag and can finish the fish process, in mesh bag, get fish, alleviated labour intensity.
For further specifying above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, design feature and beneficial effect, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the front view of the embodiment of fish culture cage of the present invention;
Fig. 1 b is the vertical view of the fish culture cage among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 a is the front view of first embodiment of fish culture in net pen of the present invention system;
Fig. 2 b is the vertical view of the fish culture in net pen system of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the fish culture cage among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 4 a is the layout schematic diagram of second embodiment of fish culture in net pen of the present invention system;
Fig. 4 b is the layout schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment of fish culture in net pen of the present invention system.
Embodiment
To describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail now, although the employed term in back is to select from public term, but some term then is the applicant to be judged by it and selects, and its detailed meanings should be understood according to the spirit that the application's desire discloses.
First embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1 a and 1b, the net cage 1 of present embodiment comprises net cage body 10, scupper hose 60, rigid frame 90 and buoyancy aid framework 11.Around the net cage body 10 and bottom is formed by fluid-tight heat-insulating cloth, and open-top, thereby can form the cavity volume of the usefulness of breeding fish.The bottom of net cage body 10 is formed with osculum 50, anti-fish can be set on the osculum 50 escape the net (not shown).One end of scupper hose 60 connects osculum 50, and the other end 80 of scupper hose 60 can place the also extended water surface under the water surface.One rigid frame 90 is set below the bottom of net cage body 10, and tie by rope and rigid frame 90 bottom of net cage body 10, thereby open the bottom of net cage body 10.Buoyancy aid framework 11 is arranged on the net cage body 10, and the two ends of many manropes (rib line) 20 connect rigid frame 90 and buoyancy aid framework 11 respectively, thereby rigid frame 90 is hung in the water; Net cage 10 around be provided with many rows power muscle 21, every stud 21 is provided with a plurality of paulin circles 30, paulin circle on the power muscle 21 30 is fastening by rope with manrope 20, thereby net cage body 10 around open.
With reference to Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, fish culture in net pen system 2 comprises net cage 1 and be provided with water distribution system 11 above net cage 1.Water distribution system 11 can adopt in the multi-form net cage body 10 that water is poured into net cage 1, such as this form can be one or multi-channel water curtain shape, water column shape etc.Water distribution system 11 is to pour in the net cage 1 with the water body that surperficial water body has the temperature difference by water pump 12 extractions, and the pump-out of water pump 12 is adjustable, and described water body with temperature difference can be swallows such as lake water, river, underground water, phreatic water.Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b also show and make net cage 1 stationary device 101 in water, and this device can adopt existing technology to realize, does not give unnecessary details at this.
With reference to Fig. 3, in the net cage 1 one or more mesh bags 120 can be set, the cavity volume that net cage body 10 is formed is divided into one or more cavity volumes, and mesh bag 120 is close to the inwall of net cage body 10, and fish is raised in mesh bag 120.Because the net cage body 10 that heat-insulating material is made is very heavy, be difficult to when playing fish whole net cage body 10 is left the water, therefore mesh bag 120 is set in net cage body 10, mentions mesh bag 120 and can finish the fish process, while mesh bag 120 also has the effect escaped because of net cage body 10 damaged fishes of preventing.
Continuation illustrates with reference to Fig. 2 and utilizes net cage 1 to implement method of the present invention to solve described technical problem below.
Present embodiment is in Thousand-Island Lake, Chinese Zhejiang sturgeon to be cultured, and when summer high temperature, temperature of surface water is more than 32 ℃.Sturgeon is a cold water fishes, and limit life temperature is 28 ℃, and high temperature can cause the fish death in the common net cage.The water body water temperature at dark 18 meters, lake is below 13 ℃, by water pump 12 water at low temperature is passed through water distribution system 11, pour in the net cage 1, simultaneously, the described other end 80 of scupper hose 60 places under the water surface, and the water body of net cage body 10 will be discharged through scupper hose 60 from the osculum 50 of net cage bottom, form the water body circulation, through the heat exchange of water body, the water temperature in the net cage 1 is reduced to below 28 ℃.
Should be noted that, device of the present invention, system and method are not limited in the Thousand-Island Lake, Zhejiang sturgeon be cultured, one of ordinary skill in the art is by the explanation of present embodiment, be to be understood that, net cage 1 in the present embodiment can be widely used in many places, such as, when summer high temperature, various cold water fishes are cultured as long as can be applied to obtain the place of swallows such as lake water, river, underground water, phreatic water.Similarly, apparatus and method of the present invention are applicable to that also warm water fishes cultures in the north.
The net cage 1 of present embodiment is except being used under external world's environment too high or too low for temperature by changing the water temperature of net cage 1 inside, be fit to outside the healthy fish growth, the also suitable not needs of net cage 1 change under the common waters of situation of water temperature in the net cage 1 simultaneously, when the other end 80 of scupper hose 60 leaves the water surface, water body in the net cage 1 and outside water body are isolated, this moment can be with in the water body of medicine dissolution in net cage 1, can not diffuse to outside the net cage 1, sick fish soaking is cured in solution, and net cage 1 can be used as the dipping net cage and uses.Say further, in common waters, when net cage 1 controllably completely cuts off with extraneous water body, can reach the function in the pond of the industrial fish farming that is similar to continental rise, and better than its acquisition of technology effect, the water circulation in industrial fish farming pond need be wasted valuable freshwater resources, and net cage 1 can directly utilize and directly carries out water circulation in net cage 1 outside water body and the net cage 1, save freshwater resources, reduced operating cost.
One as present embodiment changes example, scupper hose 60 usefulness are satisfied with osculum lower valve (not shown) and are replaced, when valve open, net cage 1 can be used under external world's environment too high or too low for temperature by changing the water temperature of net cage 1 inside, grow up to be fit to healthy fish, when valve closing, net cage 1 is as the dipping net cage.
Second embodiment
For the convenience of operating, managing and the rationally distributed property of water distribution system, shown in Fig. 4 a, fish culture cage system 2 ' comprises a plurality of net cage groups 140, and each net cage group 140 comprises a plurality of net cages 1 and at least one water pump 12.Water pump 12 is identical in fact with line arrangement between the net cage 1 in each net cage group 140 of fish culture cage system 2 ', is example with a net cage group 140 only below, and the line arrangement between water pump and a plurality of net cage 1 is described.
In net cage group 140, water pump 12 is by trunk line 122 output water bodys, trunk line 122 is communicated with first subtube 124 and second subtube 124 respectively, on first subtube 124, be communicated with a plurality of arms 128, the water body of water pump 12 outputs can flow to first subtube 124 from trunk line 122, flow to arm 128 from first subtube 124 again, flow into net cage 1 from arm 128 at last; Second subtube 124 is communicated with first subtube 124 of other net cage group, and therefore, the water body of exporting from water pump 12 can also flow to second subtube 124 from trunk line 122, flow to the net cage 1 of other net cage group again from second subtube 124.At trunk line 122, first subtube 124, be respectively arranged with valve on second subtube 124 and the arm 128, under normal situation, valve closing on second subtube 124 and other valve open, in each net cage 1 from the water body inflow net cage group 140 of water pump 12 outputs, when the water pump of other net cage group 140 breaks down, can be with all valve opens, and suitably regulate each valve, so that the bare flow of first subtube 124 in each net cage group 140 equates, even when so the water pump 12 of certain net cage group 140 can not be worked, the water pump 12 of enabling other net cage group 140 provided the net cage 1 of water body to this net cage group 140 that breaks down.
The 3rd embodiment
Fish culture cage system 2 " and the difference of fish culture cage system 2 ' be; each net cage group 140 comprises two first subtubes 124; be respectively arranged with many arms 128 on every subtube 124, the fish culture cage system 2 of present embodiment " be suitable for the bigger net cage of volume 1.
Though the present invention describes with reference to current specific embodiment, but those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment is used for illustrating the present invention, should understand and wherein can make variations and modifications and do not break away from the present invention in a broad sense, so be not as limitation of the invention, as long as in connotation scope of the present invention, all will drop in the scope of claims of the present invention variation, the distortion of the above embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. a fish-cultivating method adopts fish culture cage to breed fish, and it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a), around net cage and the bottom cloth of waterproof and poor thermal conductivity is set, and form opening at the top of described net cage and osculum is formed on the bottom, in described net cage, establish one or more mesh bags, fish culture is in described mesh bag;
(b), a water distribution system is set, be provided with water pump in the described water distribution system, be used to extract the swallow of lake water, river, underground water, phreatic water, to regulate the water temperature in the described net cage, described water distribution system adopts the mode of multiple tracks water curtain shape or water column shape that water is poured in the described net cage; And
(c), constitute the fish culture in net pen system with a plurality of net cage groups, each described net cage group comprises a plurality of described net cages and at least one described water pump, and the described water pump in each described net cage group is identical with the pipeline jointing construction of described net cage, one of them described net cage group comprises trunk line, first subtube, second subtube and arm, described water pump is by described trunk line output water body, described trunk line is communicated with described first subtube and described second subtube respectively, on described first subtube, be communicated with a plurality of described arms, the water body of described water pump output flows into described net cage from described arm, described second subtube is communicated with described first subtube of other described net cage group, at described trunk line, described first subtube, described second subtube and described arm are respectively arranged with valve.
2. fish culture in net pen system, comprise net cage, it is characterized in that, around the net cage body of described net cage and the bottom is formed by the cloth of waterproof and poor heat conductivity and its top is formed with opening, the bottom of described net cage body is provided with osculum, above described net cage, be provided with water distribution system, be provided with water pump in the described water distribution system, be used to extract lake water, river, underground water, the swallow of phreatic water, to regulate the water temperature in the described net cage, be provided with one or more mesh bags in described net cage, fish culture is in described mesh bag, and described water distribution system adopts the mode of one or multi-channel water curtain shape or water column shape that water is poured in the described net cage;
This fish culture in net pen system comprises a plurality of net cage groups, each described net cage group comprises a plurality of described net cages and at least one described water pump, and the described water pump in each described net cage group is identical with the pipeline jointing construction of described net cage, one of them described net cage group comprises trunk line, first subtube, second subtube and arm, described water pump is by described trunk line output water body, described trunk line is communicated with described first subtube and described second subtube respectively, on described first subtube, be communicated with a plurality of described arms, the water body of described water pump output flows into described net cage from described arm, described second subtube is communicated with described first subtube of other described net cage group, at described trunk line, described first subtube, described second subtube and described arm are respectively arranged with valve.
3. fish farming system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described net cage also comprises scupper hose, and an end of described scupper hose is connected to described osculum, and the other end of described scupper hose can surface.
4. fish farming system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described net cage also comprises valve, and described valve is arranged at described osculum, to open or close described osculum.
5. fish farming system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises rigid frame and buoyancy aid framework, connects described rigid frame in the bottom of described net cage body, and described buoyancy aid framework is hung in described rigid frame in the water by many manropes; Be provided with many rows power muscle around the described net cage body, every described power muscle is provided with a plurality of Peng Quan, and the power muscle of described net cage is fastening by the manrope of described Peng Quan and described buoyancy aid framework.
6. fish farming system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described net cage group comprises many described first subtubes.
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| CN2007100423932A CN101326899B (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | Cage culture method, net cage and system including the net cage |
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| CN2007100423932A CN101326899B (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | Cage culture method, net cage and system including the net cage |
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| CN101326899B true CN101326899B (en) | 2011-07-27 |
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| CN101731164B (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-06-27 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Closed water-flowing type aquaculture net cage |
| CN102669042A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-09-19 | 苏州新区枫桥净化设备厂 | Novel cage for culturing goldfishes |
| CN103814850B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-04-06 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of fish overwinter fish culture net cage and utilize net cage survive the winter cultivation spotted maigre method |
| CN104365525A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 洛阳昌盛水产有限公司 | Fishpond capable of being used for breeding of deep-water fishes on water surface |
| CN104365527A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 洛阳昌盛水产有限公司 | Fishpond capable of being used for breeding of deep-water fishes on water edge |
| CN104488761A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 黎川县钟贤水产养殖场 | Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs |
| CN104472413B (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-05-24 | 余庆毛巴渔业开发有限公司 | Method for net cage fish culture |
| CN106665453B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-08-13 | 大连海洋大学 | The marine temporarily feeding purification system of scallop based on the development and utilization of aquaculture sea area bottom seawater |
| CN107549063A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 临汾市尧都区云盛水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon artificial propagation tank and propagation method |
| CN107736285B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2023-07-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Automatic lifting, raising and catching integrated device |
| CN108235937A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-07-03 | 山东瑞清环境科技发展有限公司 | Bottom is waterborne to raise the overwintering method and device of protection floating bed plant |
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