CN101321532A - 用于治疗神经纤维瘤病的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物 - Google Patents
用于治疗神经纤维瘤病的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101321532A CN101321532A CNA2006800456624A CN200680045662A CN101321532A CN 101321532 A CN101321532 A CN 101321532A CN A2006800456624 A CNA2006800456624 A CN A2006800456624A CN 200680045662 A CN200680045662 A CN 200680045662A CN 101321532 A CN101321532 A CN 101321532A
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Abstract
本发明涉及嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是用于治疗性和/或预防性治疗NF的药物中的用途以及治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是用于治疗性和/或预防性治疗NF的方法。
Description
发明概述
本发明涉及嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是在治疗性和/或预防性治疗脑膜瘤、神经鞘瘤、颅咽管瘤、皮样囊肿、表皮样瘤、成血管细胞瘤、脉络丛乳头状瘤和松果体区肿瘤、尤其是与1型和2型神经纤维瘤病有关的那些肿瘤和沿颅底发生的肿瘤中的用途以及在制备用于上述治疗的药物中的用途。
发明背景
神经纤维瘤病(NF)是侵袭骨、软组织、皮肤和神经系统的遗传病。它分为1型神经纤维瘤病(NF1)和2型神经纤维瘤病(NF2),它们分别在3,000个出生者中有约1个发生和在50,000个出生者中有约1个发生。这些紊乱是由于遗传缺陷而发生的,NF1和NF2分别由位于染色体17和染色体22上的基因发生突变所引起。
NF1还称为冯·雷克林豪森病(von Recklinghausen Disease),它是在美国在4,000个活出生者中有约1个发生的遗传性疾病。NF1的特征为咖啡(café-au-lait)斑(皮肤变色)、皮肤神经纤维瘤和虹膜利舍小结的三联征。该紊乱的其它特征可包括骨骼发育不良、血管发育不良、学习能力缺失、癫痫发作和神经嵴来源的其它肿瘤如嗜铬细胞瘤。此外,约10-15%的NF1患者患有低级星形细胞瘤和较少见的室管膜瘤(ependymoas)或脑膜瘤。
NF2的特征为两侧前庭神经鞘瘤伴有耳鸣、听力丧失和平衡功能障碍的相关症状。其它所见包括其它颅神经和外周神经的神经鞘瘤、脑膜瘤和幼年型后囊下白内障(juvenile posterior subcapsular contaract)。
NF的两种形式的特征均为称为神经纤维瘤的良性肿瘤的生长。这些肿瘤可以在体内有神经细胞的任何地方生长。这包括正好在皮肤表面下的神经以及体内较深的神经、脊髓和/或脑神经。神经纤维瘤通常起源于外周神经纤维。
在NF1中,神经纤维瘤最常见在皮肤上或在眼神经上生长。在眼神经上生长的肿瘤称为视神经胶质瘤,如果它生长得足够大,则可以引起视觉问题,包括失明。
如果不进行治疗,则神经纤维瘤可以引起严重的神经损害,导致对由该神经兴奋的区域的功能丧失,例如长骨畸形、脊柱弯曲、身材矮小和生长激素缺乏。在视神经上的肿瘤可以引起视力丧失,在胃肠道上的肿瘤可以引起出血或梗阻,在脑上的肿瘤可以导致学习困难(语言问题)、行为问题(学习能力缺失或智力迟钝)、听觉问题、癫痫风险增加。
目前,可用于NF的唯一的治疗是手术。
NF1基因编码神经纤维瘤蛋白,后者是假定作为Ras GTP酶活化蛋白而部分起作用的肿瘤抑制物。Ras是PDGFR和Kit受体信号传导的下游组分,其已经被发现在NF1阳性细胞中被向上调节。
作为PDGFR和Kit受体信号传导这二者的抑制剂,AMN107可能对NF的治疗是有益的。
发明概述
本发明涉及式(I)嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺化合物(下文称为“嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物”)和该化合物的N-氧化物或可药用盐在制备用于治疗FIP1L1-PDGFRα或TEL-PDGFRβ引起的骨髓增生性疾病、尤其是用于治疗性和/或预防性治疗粒-单核细胞白血病、嗜酸性细胞增多综合征、慢性嗜酸粒细胞白血病和对伊马替尼有抗性的嗜酸性细胞增多综合征或对伊马替尼有抗性的粒-单核细胞白血病的药物组合物中的用途:
其中:
R1代表氢、低级烷基、低级烷氧基-低级烷基、酰氧基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基或苯基-低级烷基;
R2代表氢、任选被一个或多个相同或不同的基团R3取代的低级烷基、环烷基、苯并环烷基(benzcycloalkyl)、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代;并且
R3代表羟基、低级烷氧基、酰氧基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、氨甲酰基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代,或者
R1和R2一起代表任选被低级烷基、环烷基、杂环基、苯基、羟基、低级烷氧基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、氧代基、吡啶基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基单或二取代的具有4、5或6个碳原子的亚烷基;具有4或5个碳原子的benzalkylene(苯基亚烷基);具有1个氧原子和3或4个碳原子的氧杂亚烷基;或者具有1个氮原子和3或4个碳原子的氮杂亚烷基,其中氮是未取代的或者被低级烷基、苯基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、氨甲酰基-低级烷基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基-低级烷基、环烷基、低级烷氧基羰基、羧基、苯基、取代的苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡嗪基取代;
R4代表氢、低级烷基或卤素。
本发明还涉及式(I)化合物在治疗或预防由FIP1L1-PDGFRα或TEL-PDGFRβ引起的骨髓增生性疾病、尤其是治疗性和/或预防性治疗粒-单核细胞白血病、慢性嗜酸粒细胞白血病、嗜酸性细胞增多综合征和对伊马替尼有抗性的嗜酸性细胞增多综合征中的用途。
上下文所用的一般术语在本公开内容的上下文中优选具有以下含义,另有说明除外:
前缀“低级”表示具有最多且包括最大值7个碳原子、尤其是具有最多且包括最大值4个碳原子的基团,所述的基团是直链或具有一个或多个分支的支链。
当复数形式用于化合物、盐等时,这还用来表示单个的化合物、盐等。
在(R)-、(S)-或(R,S)-构型中、优选在(R)-或(S)-构型中可以存在任意不对称碳原子。因此,化合物可以作为异构体的混合物或作为纯异构体、优选作为对映异构体-纯的非对映异构体而存在。
本发明还涉及式(I)化合物的可能的互变异构体。
低级烷基优选是具有从1且包括1至7且包括7个碳原子、优选从1且包括1至4且包括4个碳原子的烷基,并且是直链或支链;优选低级烷基是丁基(如正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基)、丙基(如正丙基或异丙基)、乙基或甲基。优选低级烷基是甲基、丙基或叔丁基。
低级酰基优选是甲酰基或低级烷基羰基,特别是乙酰基。
芳基是通过位于该基团的芳香族环碳原子上的键与分子结合的芳香族基团。在优选的实施方案中,芳基是具有6-14个碳原子的芳香族基团,尤其是苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、芴基或菲基,芳基是未取代的或者被1个或多个、优选最多3个、尤其是1或2个取代基取代,所述取代基尤其选自:氨基、单或二取代的氨基、卤素、低级烷基、取代的低级烷基、低级链烯基、低级炔基、苯基、羟基、醚化或酯化的羟基、硝基、氰基、羧基、酯化的羧基、烷酰基、苯甲酰基、氨甲酰基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基、脒基、胍基、脲基、巯基、磺基、低级烷硫基、苯硫基、苯基-低级烷硫基、低级烷基苯硫基、低级烷基亚磺酰基、苯基亚磺酰基、苯基-低级烷基亚磺酰基、低级烷基苯基亚磺酰基、低级烷基磺酰基、苯基磺酰基、苯基-低级烷基磺酰基、低级烷基苯基磺酰基、卤素-低级烷硫基、卤素-低级烷基磺酰基如尤其是三氟甲磺酰基、二羟基硼基(-B(OH)2)、杂环基、单或二环杂芳基和在环的相邻C原子上连接的低级亚烷基二氧基如亚甲二氧基。芳基更优选是苯基、萘基或四氢萘基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者独立地被1或2个选自如下的取代基取代:卤素,尤其是氟、氯或溴;羟基;被低级烷基如甲基、被卤素-低级烷基如三氟甲基或被苯基醚化的羟基;与两个相邻C原子连接的低级亚烷基二氧基,例如亚甲二氧基;低级烷基,例如甲基或丙基;卤素-低级烷基,例如三氟甲基;羟基-低级烷基,例如羟基甲基或2-羟基-2-丙基;低级烷氧基-低级烷基,例如甲氧基甲基或2-甲氧基乙基;低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基,例如甲氧基羰基甲基;低级炔基,例如1-丙炔基;酯化羧基,尤其是低级烷氧基羰基,例如甲氧基羰基、正丙氧基羰基或异丙氧基羰基;N-单取代的氨甲酰基,特别是被低级烷基如甲基、正丙基或异丙基单取代的氨甲酰基;氨基;低级烷基氨基,例如甲基氨基;二低级烷基氨基,例如二甲基氨基或二乙基氨基;低级亚烷基-氨基,例如吡咯烷子基或哌啶子基;低级氧杂亚烷基-氨基,例如吗啉代基;低级氮杂亚烷基-氨基,例如哌嗪子基;酰基氨基,例如乙酰基氨基或苯甲酰基氨基;低级烷基磺酰基,例如甲磺酰基;氨磺酰基或苯磺酰基。
环烷基优选是环丙基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基,它可以是未取代的或者被1个或多个、尤其是1或2个取代基取代,所述取代基选自上文芳基中定义的取代基,最优选被低级烷基如甲基、低级烷氧基如甲氧基或乙氧基或者羟基取代,还被氧代基取代或者与苯并环稠合,例如在苯并环戊基或苯并环己基中。
取代的烷基是如上定义的烷基,尤其是低级烷基,优选甲基;其中可以存在1个或多个、尤其是最多3个取代基,这些取代基主要选自卤素且尤其是氟、氨基、N-低级烷基氨基、N,N-二低级烷基氨基、N-低级烷酰基氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基和苯基-低级烷氧基羰基。尤其优选三氟甲基。
单或二取代的氨基尤其是被1或2个相互独立地选自如下的基团取代的氨基:低级烷基,例如甲基;羟基-低级烷基,例如2-羟基乙基;低级烷氧基低级烷基,例如甲氧基乙基;苯基-低级烷基,例如苄基或2-苯基乙基;低级烷酰基,例如乙酰基;苯甲酰基;取代的苯甲酰基,其中苯基尤其被1个或多个、优选1或2个选自硝基、氨基、卤素、N-低级烷基氨基、N,N-二低级烷基氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、低级烷酰基和氨甲酰基的取代基取代;和苯基-低级烷氧基羰基,其中苯基是未取代的或者尤其被1个或多个、优选1或2个选自硝基、氨基、卤素、N-低级烷基氨基、N,N-二低级烷基氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、低级烷酰基和氨甲酰基的取代基取代;优选是:N-低级烷基氨基,例如N-甲基氨基;羟基-低级烷基氨基,例如2-羟基乙基氨基或2-羟基丙基;低级烷氧基低级烷基,例如甲氧基乙基;苯基-低级烷基氨基,例如苄基氨基;N,N-二低级烷基氨基;N-苯基-低级烷基-N-低级烷基氨基;N,N-二低级烷基苯基氨基;低级烷酰基氨基,例如乙酰基氨基;或选自苯甲酰基氨基和苯基-低级烷氧基羰基氨基的取代基,其中苯基各自是未取代的或者尤其被硝基或氨基取代或还被卤素、氨基、N-低级烷基氨基、N,N-二低级烷基氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、低级烷酰基、氨甲酰基或氨基羰基氨基取代。二取代的氨基还有:低级亚烷基-氨基,例如吡咯烷子基、2-氧代吡咯烷子基或哌啶子基;低级氧杂亚烷基-氨基,例如吗啉代基;或低级氮杂亚烷基-氨基,例如哌嗪子基或N-取代的哌嗪子基如N-甲基哌嗪子基或N-甲氧基羰基哌嗪子基。
卤素尤其是氟、氯、溴或碘,尤其是氟、氯或溴。
醚化的羟基尤其是:C8-C20烷基氧基,例如正癸基氧基;低级烷氧基(优选),例如甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙基氧基或叔丁基氧基;苯基-低级烷氧基,例如苄基氧基;苯基氧基;卤素-低级烷氧基,例如三氟甲氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基或1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基;或被包含1或2个氮原子的单或二环杂芳基取代的低级烷氧基,优选被咪唑基如1H-咪唑-1-基、吡咯基、苯并咪唑基如1-苯并咪唑基、吡啶基且尤其是2-、3-或4-吡啶基、嘧啶基且尤其是2-嘧啶基、吡嗪基、异喹啉基且尤其是3-异喹啉基、喹啉基、吲哚基或噻唑基取代的低级烷氧基。
酯化的羟基尤其是:低级烷酰基氧基;苯甲酰基氧基;低级烷氧基羰基氧基,例如叔丁氧基羰基氧基;或苯基-低级烷氧基羰基氧基,例如苄基氧基羰基氧基。
酯化的羧基尤其是:低级烷氧基羰基,例如叔丁氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、甲氧基羰基或乙氧基羰基;苯基-低级烷氧基羰基或苯基氧基羰基。
烷酰基主要是烷基羰基,尤其是低级烷酰基如乙酰基。
N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基尤其被1或2个独立地选自如下的取代基取代:低级烷基、苯基-低级烷基和羟基-低级烷基或者任选在末端氮原子上取代的低级亚烷基、氧杂-低级亚烷基或氮杂-低级亚烷基。
包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基(这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代)指在杂芳基与式(I)中分子的其余部分结合的环中是不饱和的杂环状部分,优选是环,其中在结合环中、但任选也在任意捏合环(annealed ring)中,至少1个碳原子被选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子替换,其中结合环优选具有5至12个环原子,更优选5或6个环原子;可以是未取代的或者被1个或多个、尤其是1或2个取代基取代,所述取代基选自上文芳基中定义的取代基,最优选被低级烷基如甲基、低级烷氧基如甲氧基或乙氧基或者羟基取代。优选单或二环杂芳基选自2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、4H-喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、蝶啶基、吲嗪基、3H-吲哚基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、呋咱基、苯并[d]吡唑基、噻吩基和呋喃基。更优选单或二环杂芳基选自吡咯基;咪唑基,如1H-咪唑-1-基;苯并咪唑基,如1-苯并咪唑基;吲唑基,尤其是5-吲唑基;吡啶基,尤其是2-、3-或4-吡啶基;嘧啶基,尤其是2-嘧啶基;吡嗪基;异喹啉基,尤其是3-异喹啉基;喹啉基,尤其是4-或8-喹啉基;吲哚基,尤其是3-吲哚基;噻唑基;苯并[d]吡唑基;噻吩基;和呋喃基。在本发明的一项优选的实施方案中,吡啶基在氮原子的邻位上被羟基取代,因此,吡啶基至少部分地以相应的互变异构体吡啶-(1H)2-酮的形式存在。在另一项优选的实施方案中,嘧啶基在2和4位上均被羟基取代,因此,嘧啶基以数种互变异构形式、例如作为嘧啶-(1H,3H)2,4-二酮而存在。
杂环基尤其是具有1或2个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子的5、6或7元杂环系统,它可以是不饱和的或者完全或部分饱和的,并且是未取代的或者尤其被低级烷基如甲基、苯基-低级烷基如苄基、氧代基或杂芳基如2-哌嗪基取代,杂环基尤其是2-或3-吡咯烷基、2-氧代-5-吡咯烷基、哌啶基、N-苄基-4-哌啶基、N-低级烷基-4-哌啶基、N-低级烷基-哌嗪基、吗啉基如2-或3-吗啉基、2-氧代-1H-氮杂-3-基、2-四氢呋喃基或2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基。
盐尤其是式(I)化合物的可药用盐。
这类盐由具有碱性氮原子的式(I)化合物例如作为酸加成盐而形成,优选与有机酸或无机酸形成,尤其是可药用盐。适宜的无机酸例如有氢卤酸如盐酸、硫酸或磷酸。适宜的有机酸例如有羧酸、膦酸、磺酸或氨基磺酸,例如乙酸、丙酸、辛酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸、氨基酸如谷氨酸或门冬氨酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、甲基马来酸、环己烷羧酸、金刚烷羧酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、4-氨基水杨酸、酞酸、苯乙酸、扁桃酸、肉桂酸、甲磺酸或乙磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、1,5-萘-二磺酸、2-、3-或4-甲基苯磺酸、甲基硫酸、乙基硫酸、十二烷基硫酸、N-环己基氨基磺酸、N-甲基-、N-乙基-或N-丙基-氨基磺酸,或者其它有机质子酸如抗坏血酸。
在带负电荷的基团如羧基或磺基的存在下,还可以与碱形成盐,例如金属盐或铵盐,例如碱金属盐或碱土金属盐如钠、钾、镁或钙盐;或者与氨或适宜的有机胺、例如叔单胺如三乙胺或三(2-羟基乙基)胺形成的铵盐;或者与杂环碱如N-乙基-哌啶或N,N′-二甲基哌嗪形成的盐。
当在同一分子中存在碱性基团和酸性基团时,式(I)化合物还可以形成内盐。
为了分离或纯化的目的,还可能使用不可药用的盐,例如苦味酸盐或高氯酸盐。对于治疗用途,仅采用可药用盐或游离化合物(当以药物制剂的形式可应用时),因此优选这些。
由于游离形式的新化合物和盐形式的新化合物(包括例如在新化合物的纯化或鉴定中可用作中间体的那些盐)之间的密切关系,因此上下文中任何游离化合物的称谓可以适宜和有利地理解为还指相应的盐。
于2004年1月15日公开的WO 04/005281中公开了在式(I)范围内的化合物及其制备方法,该文献在此处引入本申请作为参考。优选的化合物是式(II)的4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-N-[5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯甲酰胺及其N-氧化物和可药用盐:
当特别为嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物化合物而引用专利申请或科学出版物时,其各自的终产物、药物制剂和权利要求的主题在此处引入本申请作为这些公开内容的参考。
通过代码、通用名或商品名而被识别的活性剂的结构可从标准目录“默克索引”的现行版本或从数据库、例如国际专利(Patents International)如IMS世界出版物中获得。其相应的内容引入本文作为参考。
现在已经出人意料地发现嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物具有治疗性质,这使它可特别用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是神经纤维瘤病。
因此,本发明涉及嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是神经纤维瘤病的药物中的用途。
本发明更特别涉及嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是神经纤维瘤病的药物中的用途。
在另一项实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的方法,该方法包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物或者其可药用的盐或前药。
本发明优选提供了用于治疗患有非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的哺乳动物、尤其是人的方法,该方法包括给需要该治疗的哺乳动物施用抑制量的4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-N-[5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯甲酰胺(化合物(II))或其可药用盐。
该方法优选用于治疗NF1或NF2。
在另一项实施方案中,本发明涉及嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的药物组合物中的用途。
在本说明书中,术语“治疗”包括预防性或防止性治疗以及治疗性或疾病抑制性治疗,包括治疗有患病危险或被怀疑已经患病的患者以及患病的患者。该术语还包括用于延缓疾病发展的治疗。
如本文所用的术语“治疗性”表示在治疗涉及非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的正在进行的发作中的效能。
术语“预防性”表示防止涉及非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的疾病的发作或复发。
如本文所用的术语“延缓发展”表示给处于待治疗疾病的前期或早期的患者施用活性化合物,在这些患者中例如诊断出相应疾病的预先形成,或者这些患者处于将有可能发展相应疾病的状况(例如在医学治疗期间)或由意外引起的状况下。
这种不可预料的性质范围意味着嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的药物中的用途是特别重要的。
为了证明嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物特别适用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF并具有良好的治疗范围和其它优点,可按照技术人员已知的方法进行临床试验。
用于抑制非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物的准确剂量取决于若干个因素,包括宿主、所治疗病症的性质和严重性、施用方式。式(I)化合物可以通过任意途径来施用,所述的途径包括口服、胃肠道外(例如腹膜内、静脉内、肌内、皮下、瘤内或直肠)或肠内。优选式(I)化合物经口服施用,优选以1-300mg/kg体重的日剂量或者对于多数较大的灵长类动物而言以50-5000mg、优选500-3000mg的日剂量施用。优选的口服日剂量为1-75mg/kg体重,或者对于多数较大的灵长类动物而言,日剂量为10-2000mg,以单剂量或分成多剂量来施用,例如每天给药两次。
通常,开始时施用小剂量,剂量逐渐增大直到确定对所治疗宿主而言的最佳剂量。剂量的上限受副反应影响并且可以通过对正在治疗的宿主进行的试验来确定。
式(I)化合物可以与一种或多种可药用载体和任选的一种或多种其它常规药物佐剂合并,并且可以以片剂、胶囊剂、胶囊形片剂等形式经肠内(例如口服)或者以无菌注射溶液或混悬液的形式经胃肠道外(例如腹膜内或静脉内)施用。肠内和胃肠道外组合物可以通过常规方法来制备。
嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物可以单独使用或者与至少一种其它用于这些病状的药物活性化合物组合使用。这些活性化合物可以在同一药物制剂中组合,或者以组合制剂“成套药盒”的形式组合,成套药盒意指组合组分单独或通过使用含有不同量的组合组分的不同固定组合来给药,即同时或在不同时间点给药。成套药盒的各部分则例如同时或按时间顺序交错施用,即对成套药盒的任何部分而言,在不同时间点以相同或不同时间间隔施用。可用于与嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物组合的化合物的非限制性实例有细胞毒化疗药物,例如阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、多柔比星、环磷酰胺、VP-16或伊马替尼等。嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物还可以和其它信号转导抑制剂或其它癌基因靶向药物组合以预期产生显著的协同作用。
本发明还涉及用于治疗上述疾病和病症的如上所述的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物与伊马替尼的组合。这种组合可以同时(即以固定、组合的药物组合物或制剂的形式)或者依次或按时间顺序交错施用。目前优选如上文所述剂型的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物和在美国为/在欧洲为的市售形式的伊马替尼以这些剂型的预期剂量进行的施用。
用以上组合治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤、尤其是NF可以是所谓的一线治疗,即治疗新诊断的疾病而先前不使用任何化学疗法等,或者它还可以是所谓的二线治疗,即先用伊马替尼或嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物治疗后再进行的疾病治疗,这取决于疾病的严重性或阶段以及患者的综合状况等。
实施例I
式I化合物作为c-Kit和PDGF-R酪氨酸激酶活性抑制剂的效能可以证明如下:
BaF3-Tel-PDGFRβ和BaF3-KitD816V是通过分别用Tel-融合激活的PDGFβ-R野生型(Golub T.R.等人,Cell 77(2):307-316,1994)或D816V-突变激活的c-kit进行稳定转导而已经具有了IL-3非依赖性的BaF3鼠proB-细胞淋巴瘤细胞衍生物[BaF3细胞系可由德意志微生物保藏中心(DSMZ)(不伦瑞克(Braunschweig),德国)获得]。将细胞在补充有2%L-谷氨酰胺(安妮姆德(Animed)#5-10K50-H)和10%胎牛血清(FCS,安妮姆德#2-01F16-I)的RPMI-1640(安妮姆德#1-14F01-I)中培养。将野生型未转染的BaF3细胞在以上培养基+10U/ml IL-3(小鼠白细胞介素-3,罗氏#1380745)中维持。
将细胞用新鲜的培养基稀释至终密度为3×105个细胞/ml,将50μl等分试样接种到96孔板中(1.5×104个细胞/孔)。加入50μl 2×化合物溶液。常规地使用了激酶抑制剂PKC412作为内部对照。用DMSO(0.1%终浓度)处理的对照细胞用作生长参照(设为100%生长)。此外,还常规地测定了仅含有100μl培养基而不含细胞的孔的板空白值。根据受试化合物的8种3倍系列稀释物(始于10μM)进行了IC50的测定。在37℃和5%CO2下将细胞孵育48小时后,基本上按照以前所述的方法(O′Brien J.等人,Eur.J.Biochem.267:5421-5426,2000),通过刃天青钠盐染料还原测定法(商品上称为阿尔玛蓝(AlamarBlue)测定法)评价了抑制剂对细胞成活力的作用。每孔加入10μl阿尔玛蓝,在37℃和5%CO2下将板孵育6小时。此后,使用具有以下设置的Gemini 96孔板读数器(分子装置公司(Molecular Devices))测定了荧光:激发波长544nm,发射波长590nm。
将获得的原始数据输出为Excel文件格式。对于数据分析,将板空白值从所有数据点中扣除。然后,将由阿尔玛蓝读出的化合物的抗增殖作用计算为设为100%的对照细胞值的百分数。使用XLfit软件程序测定了IC50值。式I化合物显示出对c-Kit和PDGFβ-R而言的IC50范围为0.0003至20μM,尤其是0.001至0.1μM。
实施例2
将编码aa 544-976的人KIT基因克隆到杆状病毒供体质粒pFB-GST-01中。使用限制性内切酶Bam H1和EcoR1将该编码序列切除,将其与具有匹配末端的Bac-to-Bac供体载体pFB-GEX-P1连接。随后,将所需的突变引入到KIT基因(由M Heinrich博士)中。由于用于产生突变编码序列的原始质粒内的移码,因此,对于各突变体,使用限制性酶BamH1-EcoR1将突变的质粒嵌入物切除并将其嵌入到Bac-to-Bac供体载体pFB-GST-01中。自动化测序证实了对于各突变质粒存在正确的序列。
杆粒DNA由10个集落产生,将用pFB-G01-KIT-突变质粒转化的每个DH10Bac细胞如在材料和方法中所述的那样克隆,将这些被转染到Sf9细胞中。将转染的细胞沉淀,将上层培养基中存在的所产生的重组杆状病毒扩增。使用用于免疫检测的抗-KIT和抗-GST抗体将蛋白质印迹应用于溶解的细胞沉淀物,以证实GST-c-KIT融合蛋白通过病毒克隆的表达。
Kit突变 | 化合物IIIC50(μM)(平均值) |
D816F | >10 |
D816H | >10 |
D816N | <10 |
D816Y | >10 |
D816V | >10 |
K642E | <10 |
Y823D | <1 |
Del 550-558 | <2 |
Del 557-561 | <2 |
N822K | <10 |
V654A | >10 |
N822H | <10 |
Del 550-558+V654A | <10 |
Del 557-561+V654A | >10 |
从转染的细胞培养物中收集含有病毒的培养基,将其用于感染以增加其滴度。将感染两轮后得到的含有病毒的培养基用于大规模蛋白质表达。对于大规模蛋白质表达,将100cm2圆形组织培养板用5×107个细胞/板接种,用1mL含有病毒的培养基(约5MOI)进行感染。3天后,将细胞从板中刮下,于500rpm离心5分钟。将来自10-20个100cm2板的细胞沉淀物重新混悬于50mL冰冷的溶解缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5,2mM EDTA,1%NP-40,1mM DTT,1mM PMSF)中。将细胞在冰上搅拌15分钟,然后于5000rpm离心20分钟。
将离心的细胞溶解物装到2mL谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖柱(法玛西亚(Pharmacia)公司)上,用10mL液体(25mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5,2mM EDTA,1mM DTT,200mM NaCl)洗涤3次。然后将GST-标记的蛋白质用洗脱液(25mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5,10mM还原型谷胱甘肽,100mM NaCl,1mM DTT,10%甘油)洗脱,进行10次(每次1mL),于-70℃保存。
在有或无抑制剂的存在下,在20mM Tris-HCl,pH7.6,3mM MnCl2,3mM MgCl2,1mM DTT,10μM Na3VO4,3μg/mL聚(Glu,Tyr)4∶1,1%DMSO,1.5μM ATP(γ-[33P]-ATP 0.1μCi)中测定了不同Kit突变体200-500ng的蛋白激酶活性。测定(30μL)于环境温度在96孔板中进行30分钟,通过加入20μL 125mM EDTA使反应终止。随后,将30μ反应混合物转移到Immobilon-PVDF膜(微孔(Millipore)公司,贝德福德,MA,美国)上,Immobilon-PVDF膜预先用甲醇浸泡5分钟,用水冲洗,然后用0.5%H3PO4浸泡5分钟,装到带有断开真空源的多头抽真空装置上。点上所有样品后,连接真空,用200μL 0.5%H3PO4冲洗每个孔。将膜取出,在摇床上用1.0%H3PO4洗涤4次,用乙醇洗涤1次。将膜于环境温度干燥,在佩卡德(Packard)TopCount 96孔架中封固,加入10μL/孔Microscint(佩卡德),然后将膜计数。通过对4个浓度(通常为0.01、0.1、1和10μM)下的抑制百分数(一式两份)进行线性回归分析,计算了IC50值。蛋白激酶活性的一个单位定义为于室温每分钟每mg蛋白质有1nmole 33P从[γ33P]ATP中转移到了底物蛋白。
Claims (7)
1.治疗或预防非癌性的良性脑肿瘤的方法,该方法包括施用式(I)嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物和该化合物的N-氧化物或可药用盐:
其中:
R1代表氢、低级烷基、低级烷氧基-低级烷基、酰氧基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基或苯基-低级烷基;
R2代表氢、任选被一个或多个相同或不同的基团R3取代的低级烷基、环烷基、苯并环烷基、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代;并且
R3代表羟基、低级烷氧基、酰氧基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、氨甲酰基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代,或者
R1和R2一起代表任选被低级烷基、环烷基、杂环基、苯基、羟基、低级烷氧基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、氧代基、吡啶基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基单或二取代的具有4、5或6个碳原子的亚烷基;具有4或5个碳原子的benzalkylene(苯基亚烷基);具有1个氧原子和3或4个碳原子的氧杂亚烷基;或者具有1个氮原子和3或4个碳原子的氮杂亚烷基,其中氮是未取代的或者被低级烷基、苯基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、氨甲酰基-低级烷基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基-低级烷基、环烷基、低级烷氧基羰基、羧基、苯基、取代的苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡嗪基取代;
R4代表氢、低级烷基或卤素。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中非癌性的良性脑肿瘤选自1型或2型神经纤维瘤病。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式(I)化合物是式(II)的4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-N-[5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯甲酰胺及其N-氧化物或可药用盐:
4.选自式(I)化合物的嘧啶基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物和该化合物的N-氧化物或可药用盐在制备用于治疗非癌性的良性脑肿瘤的药物组合物中的用途:
其中:
R1代表氢、低级烷基、低级烷氧基-低级烷基、酰氧基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基或苯基-低级烷基;
R2代表氢、任选被一个或多个相同或不同的基团R3取代的低级烷基、环烷基、苯并环烷基、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代;并且
R3代表羟基、低级烷氧基、酰氧基、羧基、低级烷氧基羰基、氨甲酰基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或者包含0、1、2或3个环氮原子和0或1个氧原子和0或1个硫原子的单或二环杂芳基,这些基团各自是未取代的或者被单或多取代,或者
R1和R2一起代表任选被低级烷基、环烷基、杂环基、苯基、羟基、低级烷氧基、氨基、单或二取代的氨基、氧代基、吡啶基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基单或二取代的具有4、5或6个碳原子的亚烷基;具有4或5个碳原子的benzalkylene(苯基亚烷基);具有1个氧原子和3或4个碳原子的氧杂亚烷基;或者具有1个氮原子和3或4个碳原子的氮杂亚烷基,其中氮是未取代的或者被低级烷基、苯基-低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基-低级烷基、羧基-低级烷基、氨甲酰基-低级烷基、N-单或N,N-二取代的氨甲酰基-低级烷基、环烷基、低级烷氧基羰基、羧基、苯基、取代的苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基或吡嗪基取代;
R4代表氢、低级烷基或卤素。
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