CN101318065B - 含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法及其专用装置 - Google Patents
含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法及其专用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101318065B CN101318065B CN2008100943734A CN200810094373A CN101318065B CN 101318065 B CN101318065 B CN 101318065B CN 2008100943734 A CN2008100943734 A CN 2008100943734A CN 200810094373 A CN200810094373 A CN 200810094373A CN 101318065 B CN101318065 B CN 101318065B
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- flue gas
- waste
- outlet
- hydrochloric acid
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- 239000002699 waste materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002912 waste gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound 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[Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgeD0nOTEuMTEwMicgeT0nMTcwJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojNUJCNzcyJyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMTE4LjcxJyB5PScxNzAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM1QkI3NzInID5DPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNDYuMzEnIHk9JzE3MCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTo0MHB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzVCQjc3MicgPmw8L3RleHQ+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001104 hydrochloric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 48
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无公害处理方法和装置，具体涉及一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法及其专用装置。本发明的无公害处理方法中，烟气在废热锅炉内停留时间极短，含氯等卤族高温烟气降到200～300℃所需时间小于0.3秒，有效抑制或减少了二噁英的再生成；采用吸收系统回收烟气中的HCl，对烟气中HCl的回收效率高达95％，副产的稀盐酸具有一定的经济效益。本发明的装置，焚烧炉连接着急冷式余热锅炉，急冷式余热锅炉出口连接着一级旋风分离器，由于采用急冷式余热锅炉回收热能，回收了高温烟气中大部分热能，产生饱和蒸汽或过热蒸汽可供工厂使用，带来了节能效果。
Description
含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法及其专用装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种废物处理方法及其设备，具体涉及一种含氯废液、废气无公害处 理方法及其专用装置。
背景技术
[0002] 在我国，随着人们环境保护意识的增强和政策法规的强化以及化工生产装置的大 批迅速兴建，对有害废弃物的处置技术要求越来越高，焚烧技术已成为化工行业中的一门 重要技术，焚烧装置已成为化工装置中的重要组成部分。
[0003] 通常有机化合物的废弃物经过高温焚烧，转化成CO2和H2O后，向大气排放。只要 焚烧炉内温度大于800°C，并且废弃物在炉内高温区有足够的停留时间，则废弃物基本上能 完全分解，实现无公害排放。但是，现实的废弃物中有很多是含氯的有机物质，如一些化工 生产装置副产的废液废气，它们在焚烧时会排放出HCl和游离态的氯；氯有很强的腐蚀性， 会造成受热面的高温腐蚀损毁、尾部受热面和烟道的低温腐蚀；更严重的是，氯是极毒介 质，易对环境造成巨大伤害，各国对此都有严格的规定。因此，如何实现含氯废弃物的达标 排放，是摆在工程设计工作者面前一个重要课题。
[0004] 目前，国内化工厂新上项目若有含氯废液废气产生，都必须有独立的废液、废气焚 烧单元。而国内对含氯废液废气的焚烧处理大多停留在试验研究阶段，而引进国外技术设 备投资很大，成本极高。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的在于提供一种无公害处理效果优、环保节能性好的含氯废液、废气 无公害处理方法及其专用装置。
[0006] 本发明是这样实现的：一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，它包括以下步骤：
[0007] (1)焚烧：将废液、废气通入燃烧器和焚烧炉中进行焚烧，焚烧温度为800°C〜 1400 0C ；
[0008] (2)余热吸收：将由步骤（1)产生的含氯烟气通入急冷式余热锅炉使高温烟气温 度由800°C〜1400°C降至200°C〜300°C，降温时间小于0. 3秒；
[0009] (3)干法除尘：将由步骤（2)得到的烟气通入旋风分离器进行干法除尘；
[0010] (4)急冷：将由步骤（3)得到的烟气通入急冷塔急冷降温至60V〜70°C ；
[0011] (5)湿法除尘：对由步骤（4)得到的烟气通入文丘里管和气液分离器进行湿法除
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土 ；
[0012] (6)吸收：步骤（5)的烟气通入降膜吸收器与稀盐酸传热传质，使烟气中的HCl气 体溶解于稀盐酸中，水蒸汽冷凝为水；
[0013] (7)洗涤：将由步骤（6)得到的烟气通入填料塔，在填料塔中加入NaOH和Na2SO3 水溶液作为洗涤液，把烟气中的残余的HCl和游离态的Cl2气中和掉，然后排放。
[0014] 本发明的无公害处理方法中，烟气在废热锅炉内停留时间极短，含氯等卤族高温
3烟气降到200〜300°C所需时间小于0. 3秒，有效抑制或减少了二噁因的再生成；同时回收 了高温烟气中大部分热能，可以产生饱和蒸汽或过热蒸汽供工厂使用，达到了废弃物再利 用的目的，带来了节能效果。此外，采用吸收系统回收烟气中的HC1，对烟气中HCl的回收效 率高达95 %，副产的稀盐酸具有一定的经济效益。
[0015] 本发明还提供了一种能够实现上述方法的含氯废液、废气无公害处理专用装置， 它包括燃烧器，与燃烧器相连通的焚烧炉，焚烧炉连接着急冷式余热锅炉，急冷式余热锅炉 出口连接着一级旋风分离器，一级旋风分离器连接着二级旋风分离器，一级旋风分离器和 二级旋风分离器的下方的出灰口连接着置换仓，二级旋风分离器的出气口和置换仓的出气 口同时与急冷塔上部的烟气进口连通，急冷塔下端的稀盐酸溶液出口经过泵后有一条支路 连通着文丘里管，同时另一条支路与设在急冷塔上部的稀盐酸出口连通；急冷塔的烟气出 口连接着文丘里管的烟气进口，文丘里管的出口与气液分离器连接，气液分离器底部的回 流口与急冷塔的酸液回流口相连通，气液分离器的烟气出口连接着降膜吸收器的烟气进 口，降膜吸收器底部的稀盐酸出口经过泵与降膜吸收器顶部的稀盐酸进口连通，降膜吸收 器的烟气出口与填料塔底侧的烟气进口相连通，填料塔底部的洗涤液出口经循环泵与填料 塔肩部的洗涤液进口相连通，填料塔的顶部为烟囱。
[0016] 本发明中，焚烧炉连接着急冷式余热锅炉，急冷式余热锅炉出口连接着一级旋风 分离器，由于采用急冷式余热锅炉回收热能，回收了高温烟气中大部分热能，产生饱和蒸汽 或过热蒸汽供工厂使用，带来了节能效果。采用降膜吸收器回收烟气中的HC1，对烟气中 HCl的回收效率高达95 %，副产的稀盐酸具有一定的经济效益。
[0017] 采用本发明的方法和装置，烟气净化后HCl去除率达99 %，烟气中含氧气量为7 % 时，粉尘含量小于183mg/m3，主要有害有机组成的去除率达到99. 99%，烟气排放达到国家 标准。
附图说明
[0018] 图1为本发明的含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法的流程示意图；
[0019] 图2为本发明的含氯废液、废气无公害处理专用装置的结构原理示意图；
[0020] 图中：1燃烧器，2焚烧炉，3急冷式余热锅炉，4 一级旋风分离器，5 二级旋风分离 器，6置换仓，7急冷塔，8文丘里管，9气液分离器，10降膜吸收器，11烟囱，12填料塔。
[0021] A为处理前的废液、废气，A1-A8为不同状态的烟气，B1-B4为不同管路内的稀盐 酸，C1-C2为不同压力的稀盐酸，D1-D2为不同压力的洗涤液，E为饱和/过热蒸汽，F为汽 包给水，G为固体尘粒，H为稀盐酸。
具体实施方式
[0022] 下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步的描述。
[0023] 实施例1
[0024] 如图1所述，一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，它包括以下步骤：
[0025] (1)焚烧：将废液、废气通入燃烧器和焚烧炉中进行焚烧，焚烧温度为800°C ；
[0026] (2)余热吸收：将由步骤（1)产生的含氯烟气通入急冷式余热锅炉使高温烟气温 度由800°C降至200°C，降温时间为0. 3秒；
4[0027] (3)干法除尘：将由步骤（2)得到的烟气通入旋风分离器进行干法除尘；
[0028] (4)急冷：将由步骤（3)得到的烟气通入急冷塔急冷降温至60°C ；
[0029] (5)湿法除尘：对由步骤（4)得到的烟气通入文丘里管和气液分离器进行湿法除
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土 ；
[0030] (6)吸收：步骤（5)的烟气通入降膜吸收器与稀盐酸传热传质，使烟气中的HCl气 体溶解于5%的稀盐酸中，水蒸汽冷凝为水；
[0031] (7)洗涤：将由步骤（6)得到的烟气通入填料塔，在填料塔中加入浓度为5%的 NaOH和5%的Na2SO3水溶液作为洗涤液，把烟气中的残余的HCl和游离态的Cl2气中和掉， 然后排放。
[0032] 如图2所示，一种能实现上述方法的含氯废液、废气无公害处理专用装置，它包括 燃烧器1，与燃烧器1相连通的焚烧炉2，其中，焚烧炉2连接着急冷式余热锅炉3，急冷式余 热锅炉3出口连接着一级旋风分离器4，一级旋风分离器4连接着二级旋风分离器5，一级 旋风分离器4和二级旋风分离器5的下方的出灰口连接着置换仓6，二级旋风分离器5的 出气口和置换仓6的出气口同时与急冷塔7上部的烟气进口连通，急冷塔7下端的稀盐酸 溶液出口经过泵后有一条支路连通着文丘里管8，同时另一条支路与设在急冷塔7上部的 稀盐酸出口连通；急冷塔7的烟气出口连接着文丘里管8的烟气进口，文丘里管8的出口与 气液分离器9连接，气液分离器9底部的回流口与急冷塔7的酸液回流口相连通，气液分离 器9的烟气出口连接着降膜吸收器10的烟气进口，降膜吸收器10底部的稀盐酸出口经过 泵与降膜吸收器10顶部的稀盐酸进口连通，降膜吸收器10的烟气出口与填料塔12底侧的 烟气进口相连通，填料塔12底部的洗涤液出口经循环泵与填料塔12肩部的洗涤液进口相 连通，填料塔12的顶部为烟囱11。
[0033] 本发明的具体工作过程为：废液、废气A经过燃烧器1在焚烧炉2内焚烧，根据废 液、废气具体情况决定是否添加辅助燃料，如果废液、废气的热值很高，能够达到稳定燃烧 所需要的热值，则不需要辅助燃料，反之则需要添加辅助燃料，辅助燃料可以是燃料气，也 可以是燃料油，以保证焚烧炉内处于合理温度在800°C〜1200°C ；焚烧系统底部的焚烧残 渣进行填埋或用于其他用途。产生的800°C〜1200°C高温烟气通过急冷式余热锅炉3降温 至200°C〜300°C左右并回收热量，产生的饱和/过热蒸汽E去工厂其他部门加以使用；从 急冷余热锅炉烟气出口出来的烟气进入一级、二级旋风分离器4和5进行干法除尘，经过一 级、二级旋风分离器4和5除去的固体尘粒由其底部的出灰口进入下部的置换仓6，采用氮 气置换方式除掉混在置换仓6内固体尘粒G中的HCl ；经过一级、二级旋风分离器4和5除 尘后的烟气从急冷塔7上部进入急冷塔7内，与从泵后来的浓度为〜5%的稀盐酸并行 进行传热传质，将烟气温度急冷至60°C〜70°C，从急冷塔7烟气出口出来的烟气再进入文 丘里管8和气液分离器9，与从泵后来的稀酸液B3并行进行传热传质，进行湿法除尘。湿法 除尘效率，根据固体尘粒粒径大小的不同而异，微米级除尘效率高达99%以上，纳米级级除 尘效率高达95%以上；经过干、湿法除尘后的烟气从气液分离器9的上部出来，经降膜吸收 器10的烟气进口进入降膜吸收器10，烟气与从泵后来的稀酸液C2并行进行传热传质，烟气 中的HCl气体溶解于循环吸收稀酸液中，烟气中HCl的几乎全部被稀盐酸吸收，同时烟气中 的水蒸汽冷凝为水；从降膜吸收器10烟气出口出来的烟气经填料塔12的烟气进口进入填 料塔12内，与从泵后来的含有Na2SO3的NaOH水溶液D2逆向接触，把烟气中残余的HCl和
5游离态的Cl2气中和掉，从填料塔12顶部出来的烟气随后从烟囱11排放。
[0034] 本发明工作时的烟气流程如下：
[0035] 急冷式余热锅炉3后的烟气Al经过一级旋风分离器成烟气A2 ；
[0036] A2经过二级旋风分离器5的烟气成烟气A3 ；
[0037] 置换仓置换出来的HCl、N2混合成烟气A4 ；
[0038] A3和A4混合进入急冷塔7急冷成60_70°C的烟气A5 ；
[0039] A5进入文丘里管8和气液分离器9进行湿法除尘成烟气A6 ；
[0040] A6进入降膜吸收器10吸收其中95%以上的HCl后成烟气A7 ；
[0041] A7经过填料塔12洗涤中和成达到国家排放标准的烟气A8 ；
[0042] A8经过烟囱排放。
[0043] 急冷塔7同文丘里管8、气液分离器9间的循环流程如下：
[0044] 急冷塔7底部稀盐酸B 1经过循环泵后分成两股，稀盐酸B2和稀盐酸B3，稀盐酸 B2直接回到急冷塔7中急冷烟气，稀盐酸B3进入到文丘里管8中用来湿法除尘，除尘后的 稀盐酸B4经由气液分离器9底部回流到急冷塔7中。
[0045] 降膜吸收器10的循环流程如下：
[0046] 降膜吸收器10底部的稀盐酸Cl经由循环泵变为稀盐酸C2，循环吸收烟气中的 HCl。
[0047] 填料塔12的循环流程如下：
[0048] 填料塔12底部洗涤液Dl经循环泵变为洗涤液D2，用于循环洗涤中和烟气中的 HCl 禾口 Cl2 ο
[0049] 本发明的余热回收系统采用急冷式废热锅炉回收热能；锅炉运行负荷在30%〜 130%范围内，锅炉的排烟温度大于HCl露点温度50°C以上。余热回收系统产生的蒸汽和吸 收系统副产的稀盐酸都送到工厂其他部门使用。分离除尘系统分离出的固体尘粒收集起来 进行其他处理。
[0050] 实施例2
[0051] 如图1所述，一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，它包括以下步骤：
[0052] (1)焚烧：将废液、废气通入燃烧器和焚烧炉中进行焚烧，焚烧温度为1400°C ；
[0053] (2)余热吸收：将由步骤（1)产生的含氯烟气通入急冷式余热锅炉使高温烟气温 度由1400°C降至300°C，降温时间为0. 2秒；
[0054] (3)干法除尘：将由步骤（2)得到的烟气通入旋风分离器进行干法除尘；
[0055] (4)急冷：将由步骤（3)得到的烟气通入急冷塔急冷降温至70°C ；
[0056] (5)湿法除尘：对由步骤（4)得到的烟气通入文丘里管和气液分离器进行湿法除
/K
土 ；
[0057] (6)吸收：步骤（5)的烟气通入降膜吸收器与稀盐酸传热传质，使烟气中的HCl气 体溶解于25%的稀盐酸中，水蒸汽冷凝为水；
[0058] (7)洗涤：将由步骤（6)得到的烟气通入填料塔，在填料塔中加入浓度为10%的 NaOH和10%的Na2SO3水溶液作为洗涤液，把烟气中的残余的HCl和游离态的Cl2气中和掉， 然后排放。
[0059] 实施例3
6[0060] 如图1所述，一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，它包括以下步骤：
[0061] (1)焚烧：将废液、废气通入燃烧器和焚烧炉中进行焚烧，焚烧温度为1200°C ；
[0062] (2)余热吸收：将由步骤（1)产生的含氯烟气通入急冷式余热锅炉使高温烟气温 度由1200°C降至250°C，降温时间小于0. 3秒；
[0063] (3)干法除尘：将由步骤（2)得到的烟气通入旋风分离器进行干法除尘；
[0064] (4)急冷：将由步骤（3)得到的烟气通入急冷塔急冷降温至65°C ；
[0065] (5)湿法除尘：对由步骤（4)得到的烟气通入文丘里管和气液分离器进行湿法除
/K
土 ；
[0066] (6)吸收：步骤（5)的烟气通入降膜吸收器与稀盐酸传热传质，使烟气中的HCl气 体溶解于15%的稀盐酸中，水蒸汽冷凝为水；
[0067] (7)洗涤：将由步骤（6)得到的烟气通入填料塔，在填料塔中加入浓度为7%的 NaOH和8%的Na2SO3水溶液作为洗涤液，把烟气中的残余的HCl和游离态的Cl2气中和掉， 然后排放。
[0068] 采用本发明的方法和装置，烟气净化后HCl去除率达99 %，烟气中含氧气量为7 % 时，粉尘含量小于183mg/m3，主要有害有机组成的去除率达到99. 99%，烟气排放达到国家 标准。本发明适用于化工行业的含氯废液、废气无公害处理。
7
Claims (4)
- 一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：(1)焚烧：将废液、废气通入燃烧器和焚烧炉中进行焚烧，焚烧温度为800℃～1400℃；(2)余热吸收：将由步骤(1)产生的含氯烟气通入急冷式余热锅炉使高温烟气温度由800℃～1400℃降至200℃～300℃，降温时间小于0.3秒；(3)干法除尘：将由步骤(2)得到的烟气通入旋风分离器进行干法除尘；(4)急冷：将由步骤(3)得到的烟气通入急冷塔急冷降温至60℃～70℃；(5)湿法除尘：对由步骤(4)得到的烟气通入文丘里管和气液分离器进行湿法除尘；(6)吸收：步骤(5)的烟气通入降膜吸收器与稀盐酸传热传质，使烟气中的HCl气体溶解于稀盐酸中，水蒸汽冷凝为水；(7)洗涤：将由步骤(6)得到的烟气通入填料塔，在填料塔中加入NaOH和Na2SO3水溶液作为洗涤液，把烟气中的残余的HCl和游离态的Cl2气中和掉，然后排放。
- 2.如权利要求1所述的一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，其特征在于：步骤（6)所 述的稀盐酸的质量浓度为5%〜25%。
- 3.如权利要求1所述的一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理方法，其特征在于：步骤（7)所 述的NaOH和Na2SO3水溶液的质量浓度分别为5%〜10%。
- 4. 一种含氯废液、废气无公害处理装置，它包括燃烧器（1)，与燃烧器（1)相连通的焚 烧炉（2)，其特征在于：焚烧炉（2)连接着急冷式余热锅炉（3)，急冷式余热锅炉（3)出口连 接着一级旋风分离器（4)，一级旋风分离器（4)连接着二级旋风分离器（5)，一级旋风分离 器（4)和二级旋风分离器（5)的下方的出灰口连接着置换仓（6)，二级旋风分离器（5)的 出气口和置换仓（6)的出气口同时与急冷塔（7)上部的烟气进口连通，急冷塔（7)下端的 稀盐酸溶液出口经过泵后有一条支路连通着文丘里管（8)，同时另一条支路与设在急冷塔 (7)上部的稀盐酸出口连通；急冷塔（7)的烟气出口连接着文丘里管（8)的烟气进口，文 丘里管⑶的出口与气液分离器（9)连接，气液分离器（9)底部的回流口与急冷塔（7)的 酸液回流口相连通，气液分离器（9)的烟气出口连接着降膜吸收器（10)的烟气进口，降膜 吸收器（10)底部的稀盐酸出口经过泵与降膜吸收器（10)顶部的稀盐酸进口连通，降膜吸 收器（10)的烟气出口与填料塔（12)底侧的烟气进口相连通，填料塔（12)底部的洗涤液出 口经循环泵与填料塔（12)肩部的洗涤液进口相连通，填料塔（12)的顶部为烟囱（11)。
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