CN102705839A - 一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统及其处理方法 - Google Patents
一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统及其处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102705839A CN102705839A CN2012101514662A CN201210151466A CN102705839A CN 102705839 A CN102705839 A CN 102705839A CN 2012101514662 A CN2012101514662 A CN 2012101514662A CN 201210151466 A CN201210151466 A CN 201210151466A CN 102705839 A CN102705839 A CN 102705839A
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- flue
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound 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[F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统及其处理方法，包括废液废气焚烧炉、余热锅炉、石墨急冷塔、石墨吸收塔、多级水洗塔、两级碱洗塔、雾水分离器和引风机，由烟道将各装置依次连接。本发明能有效地从含氟的废液废气高温焚烧氧化分解后的烟气中回收热能和高浓度HF溶液，整个焚烧过程中产生的烟气经过余热锅炉回收热能和石墨急冷塔降温，接着低温烟气经过多级水洗回收烟气中的HF，最后烟气中少量的HF进入碱洗塔中和洗涤,使产生的HF不对外界直接排放，经过多级水洗和碱洗使污染降低到最低，从而为企业创造更大的经济效益。
Description
一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统及其处理方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统及其处理方法，属于废液焚烧及烟气处理技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 我国正处在高新技术飞速发展的时期，各种新技术、新材料都得到广泛的应用，由此带动了氟化工产业的发展。但这些氟项目在生产、加工或使用过程中又必然会产生废液、废气和废渣。如果我们把这些废液、废气、废渣通过技术手段回收提取，不仅会获得可观的经济效益，而且还有良好的社会效益。现阶段含氟废液(废气)回收热能和高浓度HF溶液技术还没有得到很好的开发，在很多方面还存在不足，如HF溶液浓度回收率低和焚烧产生的 烟气低温腐蚀性大。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的缺点，提出一种能高效率回收高浓度HF溶液同时又能回收热能的焚烧装置，能有效地将含氟废液废气经高温焚烧，同时通过余热锅炉回收热能。
[0004] 为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，包括废液废气焚烧炉、余热锅炉、石墨急冷塔、石墨吸收塔、水洗塔、一级碱洗塔、二级碱洗塔、雾水分离器和引风机，所述废液(废气）焚烧炉出口和余热锅炉入口经烟道连接，所述余热锅炉出口与石墨急冷塔进口由烟道连接，所述石墨急冷塔出口和石墨吸收塔进口由烟道连接，石墨吸收塔出口和水洗塔进口由烟道连接，水洗塔出口和一级碱洗塔进口由烟道连接，所述一级碱洗塔出口和二级碱洗塔进口由烟道连接，二级碱洗塔出口和雾水分离器进口由烟道连接，所述雾水分离器出口和引风机进口由烟道相连，所述引风机出口与排空烟道相连。
[0005] 本发明进一步限定技术方案是：前述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，，为了使喷淋吸收更为彻底，所述焚烧处理系统中至少安装两个串联连接的水洗塔。
[0006] 前述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，所述引风机由两台并联组成，其中一台为主用引风机，另一台为备用引风机。
[0007] 前述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，所述雾水分离器为旋风分离器或旋液分离器。
[0008] 含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理方法，包括以下步骤：
Φ将废液、废气焚烧炉温度提高至1300°C，通入待处理的废液或废气，确保完全焚烧；©焚烧后产生的烟气通入余热锅炉，将烟气从1300°C降至500°C，回收热蒸汽转入其他用途；
Θ冷却后的烟气经过石墨急冷塔内大水量喷淋将烟气温度迅速降低到150°C以下；再由石墨吸收塔通过循环HF溶液吸附烟气中大量的HF，同时将烟气温度迅速降低到80°C以下；
经吸附后的烟气通入水洗塔中，通过大水量喷淋吸附烟气中少量的HF;再由一级碱洗塔和二级碱洗塔通过大量喷淋碱液吸附烟气中剩余的HF ；
©最后烟气通入雾水分离器除去烟气中的大颗粒、水滴后由引风机排出，整个处理系统始终处于负压状态下运行，确保有害气体不溢出炉体和塔体。
[0009] 进一步的，前述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理方法，所述水洗塔中喷淋水来自于循环池，洗涤后含氟喷淋水流入循环池，达到一定溶度后回收利用，重新补入喷淋水。
[0010] 本发明的有益效果：本发明能有效地将含氟废液、废气经高温焚烧，从焚烧后的烟气中回收热能以及高浓度HF溶液，整个焚烧过程中产生的烟气经过装置的降温、急冷、吸收，使产生的有害气体不对外界直接排放，整个处理系统始终处于负压状态下运行，确保有 害气体不溢出炉体和塔体，并能使高浓度HF溶液的回收率得到进一步提高，同时通过余热锅炉回收热能。
附图说明
[0011] 图I为本发明的结构示意图。
[0012] 具体实施方式：
本实施例提供的一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，如图I所示，包括废液、废气焚烧炉I、余热锅炉2、石墨急冷塔3、石墨吸收塔4、水洗塔5、一级碱洗塔6、二级碱洗塔7、雾水分离器8和引风机9，所述废液、废气焚烧炉I出口和余热锅炉2入口由烟道连接，余热锅炉2出口和石墨急冷塔3进口由烟道连接，石墨急冷塔3出口和石墨吸收塔4进口由烟道连接，石墨吸收塔4出口和水洗塔5进口由烟道连接，水洗塔5出口和一级碱洗塔6进口由烟道连接，一级碱洗塔6出口和二级碱洗塔7进口由烟道连接，二级碱洗塔7出口和雾水分离器8进口由烟道连接，雾水分离器8出口和引风机9进口由烟道连接，引风机出口与排空烟道相连。
[0013] 本实施例中的废液、废气焚烧炉I主要对废液(废气）进行高温氧化分解，将废液、废气焚烧炉I温度提高至1300°c，确保完全焚烧；余热锅炉2将烟气从1300°C降至500°C，可以回收蒸汽；石墨急冷塔3通过大水量喷淋将烟气温度迅速降低到150°C以下；石墨吸收塔4通过循环HF溶液吸附烟气中大量的HF，同时将烟气温度迅速降低到80°C以下；水洗塔6通过大水量喷淋吸附烟气中少量的HF ;—级碱洗塔6和二级碱洗塔7通过大水量喷淋碱液吸附烟气中剩余的HF ;雾水分离器8除去烟气中的大颗粒水滴后由引风机9排出。
[0014] 本发明提供的一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，例如添加多个焚烧炉、多个水洗塔、多个碱洗塔等，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围，本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (6)
1. 一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，包括废液、废气焚烧炉（I)、余热锅炉（2)、石墨急冷塔（3 )、石墨吸收塔（4 )、水洗塔（5 )、一级碱洗塔（6 )、二级碱洗塔（7 )、雾水分离器(8 )和引风机（9 )，其特征在于：所述废液、废气焚烧炉（I)出口和余热锅炉（2 )入口经烟道连接，所述余热锅炉（2 )出口与石墨急冷塔（3 )进口由烟道连接，所述石墨急冷塔（3 )出口和石墨吸收塔（4)进口由烟道连接，石墨吸收塔（4)出口和水洗塔（5)进口由烟道连接，水洗塔（5)出口和一级碱洗塔（6)进口由烟道连接，所述一级碱洗塔（6)出口和二级碱洗塔(7 )进口由烟道连接，二级碱洗塔（7 )出口和雾水分离器（8 )进口由烟道连接，所述雾水分离器（8)出口和引风机（9)进口由烟道相连，所述引风机出口与排空烟道相连。
2.根据权利要求I所述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述焚烧处理系统中至少安装两个串联连接的水洗塔（5 )。
3.根据权利要求I所述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述引风机(9)由两台并联组成，其中一台为主用引风机，另一台为备用引风机。
4.根据权利要求I所述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述雾水分离器为旋风分离器或旋液分离器。
5. 一种含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： (E将废液、废气焚烧炉（I)温度提高至1300°C，通入待处理的废液或废气，确保完全焚烧； σ焚烧后产生的烟气通入余热锅炉（2)，将烟气从1300°C降至500°C，回收热蒸汽转入其他用途； IH/令却后的烟气经过石墨急冷塔（3)内大水量喷淋将烟气温度迅速降低到150°C以下；再由石墨吸收塔（4)通过循环HF溶液吸附烟气中大量的HF，同时将烟气温度迅速降低到80°C以下； I经吸附后的烟气通入水洗塔（5)中，通过大水量喷淋吸附烟气中少量的HF;再由一级碱洗塔（6)和二级碱洗塔（7)通过大量喷淋碱液吸附烟气中剩余的HF ； C最后烟气通入雾水分离器（8 )除去烟气中的大颗粒、水滴后由引风机（9 )排出。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含氟废液、废气的焚烧处理方法，其特征在于：所述水洗塔中喷淋水来自于循环池，洗涤后含氟喷淋水流入循环池，达到一定溶度后回收利用，重新补入喷淋水。
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