CN101305513A - 开关电源电路及浪涌吸收电路 - Google Patents

开关电源电路及浪涌吸收电路 Download PDF

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CN101305513A
CN101305513A CNA2006800419451A CN200680041945A CN101305513A CN 101305513 A CN101305513 A CN 101305513A CN A2006800419451 A CNA2006800419451 A CN A2006800419451A CN 200680041945 A CN200680041945 A CN 200680041945A CN 101305513 A CN101305513 A CN 101305513A
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circuit
rectifier
switching
power
surge
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CN101305513B (zh
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多田信裕
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Shindengen Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/062Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种开关电源装置,能够以少量的部件构成,并能够有效地改善电源效率。该开关电源装置包括:开关电路(S1~S4),用于将直流输入电力转换为交流电力;变压器(T),具有被供给所述交流电力的初级绕组;第一整流器(D21、D22),用于将在所述变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力整流为直流电力;第二整流器(D31、D32),具有与所述第一整流器的阴极连接的阳极;和电容(C),连接在所述第二整流器的阴极和规定电位节点之间,作为规定负载(F)的辅助电源而起作用。开关时在次级侧的第一整流器(D21、D22)的阴极产生的浪涌通过第二整流器(D31、D32)供给到电容(C),负载(F)将被充电于电容中的电力作为工作电源利用。

Description

开关电源电路及浪涌吸收电路
技术领域
本发明涉及开关电源装置及浪涌(surge)吸收电路,特别是涉及用于抑制在开关电源装置中的变压器的次级侧设置的整流器中产生的浪涌的技术。
本申请基于2005年12月27日在日本申请的特愿2005-375148号主张优先权,在此引用其内容。
背景技术
图4示出了现有开关电源装置的结构。图4所示的开关电源装置包括输入电容Cin、开关S1~S4、变压器T、二极管D21、D22、输出绕组L23以及输出电容Cout。
根据该开关电源装置,在输入端子TIN1和输入端子TIN2之间施加的规定电压(Vin)的直流输入电力,一旦通过由开关S1~S4构成的全桥电路的开关操作转换为交流电力,就供给到变压器T的初级绕组L1。
由于供给到变压器T的初级绕组L1上的交流电力,在次级绕组L21、L22上感应出期望电压的交流电力。该感应出的交流电力通过主二极管D21、D22再次转换为直流电力后,通过输出绕组L23及输出端子TOUT1成为期望电压(Vout)的直流电力而向外部输出。
然而,根据上述开关电源装置,当流过次级绕组L21、L22的电流流向改变时,由于变压器T的初级侧和次级侧之间的漏磁通等原因,在主二极管D21、D22的阴极侧产生图5所示的浪涌。
通常,通过对主二极管D21、D22附设CR缓冲电路,该浪涌可以在某种程度上得到改善。但是,因为CR缓冲电路的基本原理是通过电阻元件消耗电力来吸收浪涌,所以,实际上,导致电力损耗,成为电源效率下降的原因。特别是,当次级侧的主二极管的个数增加时,对这些主二极管附设的CR缓冲电路的个数也会增加,所以,电力损耗会进一步增大。
作为解决这种CR缓冲电路的问题的技术提出有,将浪涌能量暂时储存到线圈中,然后向输出端释放的无损缓冲电路(参考专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特开平09-224374号公报
但是,根据上述现有技术中的无损缓冲电路,部件数量多,而且多数元件介于将浪涌释放到输出端为止的电流通路上,所以,各元件上的电力损耗明显存在,从而在改善电源效率上受到限制。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种开关电源装置及浪涌吸收电路,能够以少量的部件构成,并能够有效地改善电源效率。
本发明的开关电源装置包括:开关电路(S1~S4),用于通过开关操作将直流输入电力转换为交流电力;变压器(T),具有被供给所述交流电力的初级绕组;第一整流器(D21、D22),用于将在所述变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力整流为直流电力;第二整流器(D31、D32),具有与所述第一整流器的阴极连接的阳极;和电容(C),连接在所述第二整流器的阴极和规定电位节点之间,作为规定负载的辅助电源而起作用。
在此,其特征在于,所述开关电路例如为全桥电路、半桥电路、单管正激电路和RCC电路之中的任意一种。
另外,也可以构成为,代替所述第一整流器设置晶体管(开关),通过该晶体管对在所述变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力进行同步整流。
根据本发明的上述构成,在第一整流器的阴极产生的浪涌通过第二整流器供给到电容,对该电容充电。电容对负载供给工作电力。因此,能够以少量的部件构成,并能够有效地改善电源效率。另外,根据用晶体管代替第一整流器的结构,同步整流时在晶体管中产生的浪涌被电容(C)吸收,因此,同样能够改善电源效率。
本发明的浪涌吸收电路,用于吸收在主整流器中产生的浪涌,该主整流器用于对在开关电源装置中的变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力进行整流,该浪涌吸收电路包括:整流器(D31、D32),具有与所述主整流器的阴极连接的阳极;和电容(C),连接在所述整流器的阴极和规定电位节点之间,作为规定负载(F)的辅助电源而起作用。
根据该结构,在开关电源装置的主整流器的阴极产生的浪涌通过本浪涌吸收电路中的整流器供给到电容,对该电容充电。电容对负载供给工作电力。
本发明的开关电源电路及浪涌吸收电路能够以简单结构将电力损耗抑制到极低程度的同时,能够有效地抑制浪涌。因此,将本发明的电路作为电源电路使用,从而能够有效地改善电源效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式的开关电源装置中的浪涌吸收电路的原理说明图;
图2是表示本发明实施方式的开关电源装置及浪涌吸收电路的结构例的电路图;
图3是用于说明本发明实施方式的开关电源装置所解决的课题的图;
图4是表示现有技术的开关电源装置结构的电路图;
图5是用于说明现有技术的开关电源装置的问题点的图。
符号的说明
Cin         输入电容
Cout        输出电容
C           电容
D21、D22    主二极管
D31、D32    二极管
F           负载
L1           初级绕组
L21、L22     次级绕组
L23          输出绕组
S1~S4       开关
TIN1、TIN2   输入端子
TOUT1、TOUT2 输出端子
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
首先,参照图1说明本发明实施方式的开关电源装置中的浪涌吸收电路的原理。
在图1中,二极管D2相当于设置在上述图2所示的次级侧的主二极管D21、D22。二极管D3及电容C构成本发明的浪涌吸收电路。规定负载F是将电容C作为辅助电源工作的任意装置,对其内容不进行特别限定。
在图1中,在二极管D2的阴极侧产生如上述图5所示的浪涌时,该浪涌通过二极管D3供给到电容C,对该电容C充电。换句话说,浪涌的电力被存储到电容C中。存储在该电容C中的电力作为辅助电源被供给到负载F。因此,在二极管D2中产生的浪涌最终作为负载F的工作电力而得到有效利用,所以电源效率得到了改善。
图2示出了应用上述图1所示的浪涌吸收电路的开关电源装置的结构例。在图2中,对与上述图4所示的元件相同的元件附上相同的符号。
图2所示的开关电源装置与图1所示的结构相比,进一步包括二极管D31、D32、电解电容C和负载F。其中,二极管D31、D32以及电解电容C构成该开关电源装置的浪涌吸收电路。
在此,进一步详细说明结构。在输入端子TIN1和输入端子TIN2之间,连接有输入电容Cin,开关S1和开关S2按此顺序串联连接,而且,开关S3和开关S4按此顺序串联连接。开关S1和开关S2之间的连接点与变压器T的初级绕组L1的一端相连接,开关S3和开关S4之间的连接点与上述初级绕组L1的另一端相连接。
变压器T的次级绕组L21的一端和次级绕组L22的一端都通过输出绕组L23与输出端子TOUT1相连接。次级绕组L21的另一端与主二极管D21的阴极相连接,次级绕组L22的另一端与主二极管D22的阴极相连接。这些主二极管D21、D22的各阳极通过输出端子TOUT2接到地线(规定电位节点)上。输出端子TOUT1和输出端子TOUT2之间连接有输出电容Cout。
二极管D31的阳极与上述二极管D21的阴极相连接,二极管D32的阳极与上述二极管D22的阴极相连接。另外,二极管D31、D32的各阴极都与输出端子TOUT3连接的同时,这些二极管D31、D32的各阴极(即输出端子TOUT3)和地线(规定电位节点)之间连接有电解电容C。
下面,对本实施方式的开关电源装置的操作进行说明。
由开关S1~S4构成的全桥电路实施规定的开关操作(众所周知的开关操作),从而通过输入端子TIN1供给的直流输入电力转换为交流电力,供给到变压器T的初级绕组L1。由此,在初级绕组L1上产生交变电流,在变压器T的次级绕组L21、L22上分别感应出互为反相的交流电力。在该次级侧感应出的交流电流通过主二极管D21、D22整流后,通过输出绕组L23及输出端子TOUT1向外部输出。
在此,当流过初级绕组L1的交变电流的流向改变,流过次级绕组L21、L22的各电流流向改变时,主二极管D21、D22之中,从正向偏压状态过渡到反向偏压状态的二极管的阴极侧产生浪涌。例如,如果在主二极管D21的阴极侧产生浪涌,则该浪涌通过二极管D31供给到电解电容C,对该电解电容C充电。同样地,如果在主二极管D22的阴极侧产生浪涌,则该浪涌通过二极管D32供给到电解电容C,对该电解电容C充电。
由此,在主二极管D21、D22中产生的各浪涌的电力被存储到电解电容C中。存储在电解电容C中的电力通过输出端子TOUT3供给到负载F。即,电解电容C起到负载F的辅助电源的作用。
另外,对负载F虽然也供给主电源,但通过将电解电容C用作辅助电源,从而从电解电容C适当地补充主电源的不足部分。
根据本实施方式,由于在主二极管D21、D22的阴极侧产生的各浪涌立即通过二极管D31、D32消耗在电解电容C的充电上,所以,实际上,在主二极管D21、D22的各阴极侧,浪涌无明显存在。即,如图3所示,在主二极管D21、D22的阴极侧产生的各浪涌在被供给到电解电容C之前,仅通过一级二极管D31、D32。因此,介于浪涌通过的路径上的元件数量少,可以将在通过该元件的过程中产生的损耗抑制到最小限度。进而,存储在电解电容C中的浪涌电力作为负载F的工作电力而得到有效利用。因此,整体上能够有效地抑制电力损耗,能够有效地改善电源效率。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,在不超出本发明主旨的范围内可以进行改变。
例如,在上述实施方式中,将变压器T的初级侧的开关电路用全桥电路构成,但并不局限于此,初级侧的开关电路的形式可以是半桥电路、单管正激电路和RCC电路等中的任意一种。
另外,在上述实施方式中,在次级侧设置主二极管D21、D22,并通过这些主二极管进行整流,但代替这些主二极管设置晶体管等开关单元,由此进行所谓的同步整流也可以。此时,因为同步整流时在晶体管中产生的浪涌通过二极管D31、D32被电解电容C吸收,所以,同样地能够改善电源效率。
另外,代替电解电容C,也可以采用其他形式的电容。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的开关电源电路及浪涌吸收电路能够由少量的部件简单地构成,而且能够将电力损耗抑制到极低程度的同时,能够有效地抑制浪涌。因此,当将本发明的电源电路及浪涌吸收电路应用到电源装置时,由于电压稳定、浪涌被吸收,所以能够有效地改善电源效率。

Claims (4)

1、一种开关电源装置,其特征在于,该开关电源装置包括:
开关电路,用于通过开关操作将直流输入电力转换为交流电力;
变压器,具有被供给所述交流电力的初级绕组;
第一整流器,用于将在所述变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力整流为直流电力;
第二整流器,具有与所述第一整流器的阴极连接的阳极;和
电容,连接在所述第二整流器的阴极和规定电位节点之间,作为规定负载的辅助电源而起作用。
2、根据权利要求1所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述开关电路为全桥电路、半桥电路、单管正激电路和RCC电路之中的任意一种。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
代替所述第一整流器设置晶体管,通过该晶体管对在所述变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力进行同步整流。
4、一种浪涌吸收电路,用于吸收在主整流器中产生的浪涌,该主整流器用于对在开关电源装置中的变压器的次级绕组上感应出的交流电力进行整流,其特征在于,该浪涌吸收电路包括:
整流器,具有与所述主整流器的阴极连接的阳极;和
电容,连接在所述整流器的阴极和规定电位节点之间,作为规定负载的辅助电源而起作用。
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