CN101304716B - 医院病床的底架 - Google Patents

医院病床的底架 Download PDF

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CN101304716B
CN101304716B CN200680042237XA CN200680042237A CN101304716B CN 101304716 B CN101304716 B CN 101304716B CN 200680042237X A CN200680042237X A CN 200680042237XA CN 200680042237 A CN200680042237 A CN 200680042237A CN 101304716 B CN101304716 B CN 101304716B
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Z·富罗利克
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Linet sro
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    • A61G7/00Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/08Apparatus for transporting beds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61G7/05Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/0528Steering or braking devices for castor wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0002Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture
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    • B60B33/0021Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture characterised by adaptations made to castor in the form of a mounting pin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0036Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by type of wheels
    • B60B33/0039Single wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0047Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle
    • B60B33/0049Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle the rolling axle being horizontal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0047Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle
    • B60B33/0057Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the rolling axle the rolling axle being offset from swivel axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/006Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism
    • B60B33/0065Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis
    • B60B33/0068Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis the swivel axis being vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/006Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism
    • B60B33/0065Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis
    • B60B33/0073Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the swivel mechanism characterised by details of the swivel axis the swivel axis being symmetrical to wheel or wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0078Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the wheel braking mechanism
    • B60B33/0081Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the wheel braking mechanism acting on tire tread
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/0078Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the wheel braking mechanism
    • B60B33/0092Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors characterised by details of the wheel braking mechanism actuated remotely, e.g. by cable or electrically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/02Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism
    • B60B33/021Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism combined with braking of castor wheel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/02Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism
    • B60B33/025Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism by using form-fit, e.g. front teeth
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B33/00Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
    • B60B33/02Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism
    • B60B33/026Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors with disengageable swivel action, i.e. comprising a swivel locking mechanism being actuated remotely, e.g. by cable or electrically
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61G2203/30General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
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Abstract

一种用于医院病床的底架,包括至少三个轮子(1)同时至少两个轮子(1)配有所有制动器(2)的共同控制器(9)的一个制动器(2)。所述底架还包括连接于中央处理单元(32)的病床移动传感器(31),所述中央处理单元(32)与用于控制所有制动器(2)的作用装置(33)互连。所述中央处理单元(32)还配有用来在轮子(1)停止转动和制动器(2)自动作用之间形成暂停时间的部件(35)。

Description

医院病床的底架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医院病床的底架,它包括三个轮子而其至少两个轮子配有共同控制所有制动器的一个制动器。 
背景技术
已知的医院病床的底架多数具有四个或五个轮子,这些轮子能够绕自身的水平轴和垂直轴转动。该底架具有包括通常三位置控制器的控制机构,它能从若干地方来实现控制,例如通过设置在各轮子上的机械互连的杠杆系统。 
在三位置控制器的杠杆的中间位置,所有轮子都能绕其水平轴和垂直轴自由转动,该位置在这种场合下被称为“未制动的”。病床可自由移向所有方向。 
在三位置控制器的杠杆的下方位置,所有轮子绕水平轴和水平轴的转动均被阻断。该位置在这种场合下被称为“制动的”。病床的移动被阻断。 
最后,在三位置控制的杠杆的上方位置,一个轮子绕垂直轴的转动被锁定在预选定位置,一般为平行于病床纵轴的位置。其它轮子绕它们的水平轴和垂直轴均能自由转动。可一边使病床移动一边使锁定在与病床的纵轴平行的位置的轮子保持直行移动方向以便工作人员沿医院走廊搬送患者。 
已知具有五个轮子的医院病床的底架以相同方式工作,其第五个轮子被设置在病床的中央下方并且通过上述的三位置控制器而锁定在具有上述三位置控制器的预选定位置,共同用于控制上述所有轮子的功能控制。 
在最近形式的底架中,控制机构包括:单独的二位置控制器,用来控制所有制动轮子的制动,以及单独的控制器,用来将轮子绕垂直轴的转动的锁定控制在预选定的位置。 
所有已知医院病床的底架的共同缺点是如果使病床停止移动并将其放在一边后工作人员会忘记对底架进行制动,如果患者认为底架已制动而靠在病床上,则他/她可能会受伤。在这种情况下,病床开始移动而患者可能会跌倒,其后果很严重,尤其是对年龄较大或无判断能力的患者而言。 
因此本发明的目的是设计这样一种排除工作人员的上述错误的医院病床底架。 
发明内容
通过提供一种医院病床的底架来实现上述目的,该底架包括至少三个轮子而其至少两个轮子配有一个制动器,并带有所有制动器的共同控制器。该底架还包括连接于中央处理单元的病床移动传感器。中央处理单元与用于控制所有制动器的作用装置互连。中央处理单元还配有用来在停止轮子转动和制动器自动作用之间形成暂停时间的部件。 
这种医院病床底架的设计保证静止病床一直保持制动状态,不管工作人员的技能水平如何。 
在较佳实施例中,病床的移动传感器包括多个轮子中至少一个轮子的转动传感器。 
为了避免用于制动控制的作用装置不必要的启动,在一较佳实施例中诸制动器中的至少一个的状态的传感器被连接于中央处理单元。 
在一较佳实施例中,所使用的传感器是光电传感器或磁性传感器。 
根据另一较佳实施例,中央处理单元配有设定在轮子停止转动和制动器自动作用之间的暂停时间的部件。这种优选形式允许根据需要改变在轮子转动停止和自动制动之间的暂停时间。 
附图说明
下面使用附图中所示样品形式对根据本发明的底架进行更详细说明,在各附图中: 
图1是根据本发明的底架的示意图。 
图2是所使用的轮子的总览图。 
图3表示图2所示的轮子的横截面。 
具体实施方式
图1示出一种具有四个轮子1的医院病床底架,这些轮子1能绕水平轴3和垂直轴4转动。控制机构8包括:用于控制三个轮子1的制动器2的第一个二位置控制器9,以及用于在预选定位置锁住剩下的第四轮子1绕垂直轴4转动的另一二位置控制器10。根据图1所示样品形式的第一个二位置控制器9包括藉由连杆和挂钩连接于所有三个轮子1的制动凸轮11的两根杠杆。根据图2所示样品形式的第二个二位置控制器10包括连接于安装在剩下的第四轮子1中的锁定凸轮的杠杆。 
在预选定位置控制剩下的第四轮子1绕其垂直轴4的转动的锁定的第二二位置控制10不局限于这种技术设计,这就是为什么不以详细方式给出说明的原因。 
当然,二位置控制器9、10不一定仅为机械式的。它也可优选地使用任何已知的二位置电气、气压或液压作用装置。在这种情形下,该控制器不由杠杆构成并且可使用在医护人员触及范围内彼此相邻地安装在病床把手上的适当开关。 
用来控制三个轮子1的制动器2的第一个二位置控制器9具有:“未制动”位置(图1中的位置A),在那里三个轮子1可绕其水平轴3以及垂直轴4自由转动;以及“已制动”位置(图1中的位置B),在那里所有轮子绕水平轴3的转动和绕垂直轴4的转动被阻断。 
图2和图3示出具有制动器2的轮子1的样品形式。具有橡胶轮胎的轮子1以可绕其水平轴3转动的形式被安装在叉结构5中,同时叉结构5以绕其垂直轴转动的方式被安装在其保持架6中。保持架6固定于医院病床的机架。 
用来控制制动器2的第一二位置控制器9连接于制动凸轮11,制动凸轮被安装在三个轮子1的每一个中。制动凸轮11支承在制动销12上,该制动销12以相对端支承在配有制动尖端的旋转制动颚13的滑动方式安装。制动颚13通过盘簧15被推离轮子1的表面。制动销12进一步使用制动弹簧16使保持架6的制动齿17滑动以与轮子1的叉结构5的制动齿18啮合。 
图1示出底架配有病床移动传感器31,其样品形式包括轮子1之一的转动的光电传感器。本领域内技术人员显然知道可以使用任何已知的移动传感器。 
病床移动传感器31连接于安装于床架上的中央处理单元32(图中未示出),例如微型计算机。制动器2的状态的光电传感器34也连接于中央处理单元32。传感器寄存制动器2是处于“已制动”还是“未制动”状态。 
控制所有制动器2的作用装置33也连接于中央处理单元32。在样品形式中,用于控制所有制动器2的作用装置33包括用来改变第一个二位置控制器9的位置的伺服电动机。 
中央处理单元32还配有用来在轮子1停止转动和制动器2自动啮合之间形成暂停时间的部件35。暂停时间的长度或者在制造时就是固定的或者使用配有部件36的中央处理单元32根据需要设定暂停时间。在样品形式中,暂停时间设定部件 36由外部键盘构成。 
在病床的移动过程中(图中未示出),轮子1转动并通过光电传感器31检测其移动并将信号发送至中央处理单元32。每当轮子1停止时,中央处理单元32中的暂停时间产生部件35开始对预置的暂停时间进行倒计数。在暂停时间届满后,中央处理单元32分析制动器2状态的光电传感器34信号,并且如果制动器2处于“未制动”状态,前述中央处理单元32将信号送至控制所有制动器2的作用装置33。在伺服电动机的样品形式中,作用装置33将第一个二位置控制器9切换至自动将制动器2施加于三个轮子1的“已制动”位置。 
在附图未示出的简化形式中,中央处理单元32不互连于制动器2状态的传感器34,并且给予作用装置33的命令在预置暂停时间届满后立即被送至中央处理单元32。 
在所示形式中,可通过从暂停时间设定部件36的外部键盘输入新数据而在任何时间在改变轮子1转动停止和自动作用制动器2之间的暂停时间长度。 
为了再次移动病床,工作人员必须推动用来控制三个轮子1的制动器2的控制器9以使其处于“未制动”位置(图1中的位置A)。这个动作同时激活中央处理单元32中轮子1转动的新监测周期。 
在将控制三个轮子1的制动器2的第一个二位置控制器9切换至“已制动”位置(图1的位置B)后,所有三个轮子1的制动凸轮11向下推动相应制动销12(见图3)。制动销12使制动颚13转动以使其制动尖端14支承在轮子1的表面上并防止其绕水平轴3转动。在向下移动制动销12的同时,使用制动弹簧16使保持架6的制动齿17与轮子1的叉结构5的制动齿18啮合。使三个轮子1绕其垂直轴4转动的路径也在同一时间被阻断。 
制动弹簧16确保保持架6的制动齿17与叉结构5的制动齿18啮合,即使在两组齿17、18的最初位置不理想的情况下也是如此。 
在将用来控制三个轮子1的制动器2的第一二位置控制器9切换至“未制动”位置(图1中的位置A)后,盘簧15的力使制动销12返回至其上方位置,由此制动尖端14从轮子的表面撤回并且保持架6的制动齿17移离轮子1的叉结构5的制动齿18。由此所有三个轮子1能够绕其水平轴3和垂直轴4自由转动。 

Claims (5)

1.一种医院病床的底架,包括至少三个轮子(1),而至少两个轮子(1)配有一个制动器(2),并带有所有制动器(2)的共同控制器(9),其特征在于,所述底架还包括连接于中央处理单元(32)的病床移动传感器(31),所述中央处理单元(32)与用于控制所有制动器(2)的作用装置(33)互连并且所述中央处理单元(32)还配有用来在轮子(1)停止转动和制动器(2)自动作用之间形成暂停时间的部件(35)。
2.如权利要求1所述的医院病床的底架,其特征在于,所述病床移动传感器(31)包括用于传感至少一个轮子(1)的转动的第一传感器。
3.如权利要求2所述的医院病床的底架,其特征在于,用于传感至少一个制动器(2)的状态的第二传感器(34)连接于中央处理单元(32)。
4.如权利要求3所述的医院病床的底架,其特征在于,所述第一传感器和第二传感器(31、34)是光电传感器和/或磁性传感器。
5.如前述任何一项权利要求所述的医院病床的底架,其特征在于,所述中央处理单元(32)配有用来设定在轮子(1)停止转动和制动器(2)自动作用之间的暂停时间的部件(36)。
CN200680042237XA 2005-11-10 2006-10-30 医院病床的底架 Active CN101304716B (zh)

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CZ200517161U CZ16128U1 (cs) 2005-11-10 2005-11-10 Podvozek pro nemocnicní luzko
CZPUV2005-17161 2005-11-10
PCT/CZ2006/000074 WO2007054037A2 (en) 2005-11-10 2006-10-30 Undercarriage for hospital bed

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WO2007054037A3 (en) 2007-07-26
JP2009514620A (ja) 2009-04-09
WO2007054037A2 (en) 2007-05-18
US8024101B2 (en) 2011-09-20
EP1945166B1 (en) 2012-11-14
JP4918553B2 (ja) 2012-04-18
CN101304716A (zh) 2008-11-12
CZ16128U1 (cs) 2006-01-02
US20080234913A1 (en) 2008-09-25

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