CN101289956A - Piston reciprocating internal-combustion engine working substance flow system and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a working substance flowing system of a piston reciprocating internal combustion engine and regulation and control setting thereof. An upper end of a frame moving up and down along the rotation of a power shaft is connected with an engine cylinder piston [7]; the lower end of the frame is made into a pressure cylinder piston [5]; an air inlet pipe[14], an air inlet check valve[2] and an air compression check valve[3] are arranged on a bottom cover plate of the pressure cylinder; air sucked from the air inlet pipe[14] by the pressure cylinder is sprayed by water mist for intercooling in compression; compressed air is stored in an air storage channel, tangentially supplied to an air inlet[10] of an engine cylinder sleeve; a rod head of the air compression check valve[3] is connected with the compressed air regulating and controlling device. An exhaust port [12] of the engine cylinder is arranged in the rear side of the cylinder top; a pressurized air bypass channel tightly pressed on the lower side of a flashboard-type exhaust valve [21] and an air suction check valve [22] of the upper side of a vent-pipe inlet cool an exhaust system and exhaust air and have the effects of both decontamination and preventing an exhaust gas turbine from surging. The supercharging mechanism has compact structure, indirect transmission, stable pressurization and cooling function; the working substance flowing system is provided with the regulating and controlling device with optimized performance and is convenient to the actualization of a small and medium sized engine.

Description

A kind of working substance flow system of reciprocating piston internal combustion engine and setting thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the reciprocal explosive motor of piston

Background technique

In order to improve the power of reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the needs of the thermal efficiency and decontamination, the method that adopts is exhaust gas turbocharge or establishes mechanism's supercharging in addition at present; Exhaust gas turbocharge is difficult to adapt to the demand of each operating mode, and Transient response lags behind, and needs to add supporting facility and solves, and has increased the complexity and the manufacture cost of motor.The outer engine driven supercharging of machine has also increased complexity, and the while is consumed power in addition, above measure also lacks the regulation and control to amount of charge air and temperature, though therefore get certain effect, unsatisfactory, be difficult to popularize on the middle-size and small-size motor the widest in purposes, that quantity is maximum.

Summary of the invention

Strengthen and optimize the problem that exists in order to solve above-mentioned conventional engines, according to strengthening principle and optimization requirement, it is opposed to design a kind of two cylinders, the air feed cylinder is greater than starting cylinder, two-piston links into an integrated entity with frame structure, and power transmission part is placed in the framework, the engine block inner carrier formula supercharging scheme that line shaft passes before and after the framework, increased the regulation and control of the amount and the temperature of pressurized air simultaneously, exhaust has increased pressurized air bypass and exhaust intermittently time the, the air-breathing cooling of turbine and has given setting such as anti-surge.

Do the power output of motor with application " a kind of pinion and rack ", the upper end of the tooth bar framework of this mechanism connected start the cylinder piston, horizontal attachment portion, lower end directly makes pressurized cylinder piston, two-piston become as a whole be synchronized with the movement and stroke identical, cooperate with pressurized cylinder to constitute the piston type booster body.The pressurized cylinder piston diameter is to start the twice of cylinder diameter alive above (increase and decrease of concrete numerical value is determined by designing requirement).Its good effect is: utilized the space of crank box,, realized super high pressure-charging, can obtain more than 5 times in the power that starts cylinder not increasing other auxiliary settings down, and compact structure, transmission is direct, and supercharging is stable, cooperates in order.Be convenient to realize to cold cooling in the pressurized cylinder compression water spray (the supercharging water spraying mechanism proposes in another application), regulation and control compressed air temperature, favourable tissue burning.In pressurized air after cold can also lower the temperature to starting cylinder and piston, so the pressurized measure of original affected by hot loading puzzlement became strong cooling means; Also reduced the compression wasted work simultaneously.Compare with the pressurized cylinder that unpressurized power is identical, its heat diffusion area has dwindled 3-4 doubly, has reduced the heat transfer loss that starts cylinder external, has relatively increased the thermal efficiency of motor.Other good effects are: this tooth bar framework helps connecting reciprocal inertia force and eliminates mechanism and favourable transmission to other mechanisms, favourable combination twin-tub parallel-connection structure (this technology proposes in other applications).

With traditional connecting rod or when not having linkage mechanism and making the power transmission of motor, framework with a similar tooth bar frame structure, crank, crank pin and connecting rod are placed in the framework, crankshaft passes before and after framework, the framework upper end connects starts the cylinder piston, horizontal attachment portion, lower end is done pressurized cylinder piston and is cooperated with pressurized cylinder, constitutes piston type booster body same as described above.Its difference is the power way of output difference of motor, and other aspects are the same with good effect.

On the pressurized cylinder bottom plate, be provided with pressurized cylinder breather check valve and pressurized air safety check; The cylinder outside is equipped with air intake pipe and is communicated with ventilation flue below the bottom plate, calming the anger below the safety check is that pressurized air holds the gas passage, stretch out bottom plate upwards by following from the cylinder side, the back of turning again tangentially leads to starts the cylinder sleeve suction port, and is cut under the cylinder sleeve to starting the following part of cylinder around starting.

Filtered air enters from motor capping intake grill, flow through and start cylinder top radiating fin, top body tabula ventilated port, process and other parts to enter the pressurized cylinder air intake pipe, enter pressurized cylinder through air intake passage from breather check valve, in cylinder the compression in cold after, enter pressurized air from the safety check of calming the anger and hold the gas passage; When starting the cylinder descent of piston to open to start the cylinder sleeve suction port, on hold pressurized air in the gas passage and tangentially enter with eddy current and start cylinder.Its good effect is: air flows has the disturbance of certain flow velocity and framework and other moving parts on the way, starts cylinder piston and other parts to lower the temperature to starting cylinder.Owing to spray into water smoke when taking air intake pipe air-breathing, the heat that air produces when entering the pressurized cylinder compression consumes thermal absorption by spray vaporization, realize in the compression process cold, in air (temperature is determined by the amount that sprays into water smoke) after cold be stored in and hold in the gas passage; In cool air when tangentially entering cylinder at a high speed with certain pressure, to piston-top surface with start cylinder to lower the temperature.Start the cylinder piston to be connected on the framework, piston and the cool air relative movement of holding in the gas passage when framework moves up and down, the cool air that holds in the gas passage can be led away the heat that piston has, and eliminates the harm of heat load.The gas passage pressurized air of storage after the supercharging of standing for a long while is held in employing, and the compression of starting cylinder and the work such as output of power are organically combined with supercharging work, side by side carries out.

The pressurized air check-valve lever extend out to motor bottom plate outside from holding the gas passage, connect " pressurized cylinder suction air conditioning mechanism " and regulate the closure of check ring gap of calming the anger, make a certain amount of pressurized air return pressurized cylinder, reach and regulate the purpose that pressurized cylinder sucks air quantity.Its good effect is to regulate the compression ratio that starts cylinder, and the load air feed of motor is pressed in the startup of favourable motor, is equipped with rational air fuel ratio; As air conditioning mechanism is connected with the speed regulator member, press the rotating speed and the in good time air feed of load of motor, can be convenient to realize the burning of mechanical type gasoline in-cylinder injection.

Relief opening is located at and starts upside behind the cylinder, reduces to start cylinder end face heat load, is convenient to other and is arranged on end face and arranges.Outlet pipe import top is provided with the suction air back valve, utilizes exhaust to finish turbine air blast break time energy and sucks cool air to the cooling of exhaust-gas flow system, avoids the waste gas whirlpool in the surge of exhaust during intermittence simultaneously.

Be pressurized air bypass passageways mouth below the flashboard type outlet valve, outlet valve is opened by-pass port when opening relief opening, make pressurized air infeed the outlet pipe import and mix with waste gas, to the waste gas decontamination, simultaneously relief opening and waste gas is lowered the temperature.By-pass port also is furnished with controlling mechanism, and bypath air is regulated and control.Above measure helps mini engine and the high internal-combustion engine of delivery temperature realizes that the exhaust gas turbine recovered energy increases the thermal efficiency and the power of motor, and has the decontamination effect concurrently.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing above invention is described in further detail.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: air feed system booster body sectional drawing; Fig. 2 .1: air feed system structural drawing on pressurized cylinder and the pressurized cylinder bottom plate; Fig. 2 .2: hold gas passage pressurized air and infeed and start the cylinder transverse sectional view; Fig. 2 .3: air feed system longitudinal sectional view; Fig. 3: pressurized cylinder sucks the air regulation mechanism map; Fig. 4 .1: vent systems plane structure chart; Fig. 4 .2: exhaust system structure longitudinal sectional view; Fig. 5: compression bypass controlling mechanism transverse sectional view; Fig. 6: connecting rod engine booster structural drawing.

Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1: adopt the transmission of application " a kind of pinion and rack " (application number 200710147446.7) rate of doing work, this mechanism [6] middle rack framework upper end laterally connects partly to connect starts cylinder piston [7], the lower end laterally connects part and makes pressurized cylinder piston [5], so two-piston is synchronous and stroke is identical; The diameter of pressurized cylinder piston [5] is more than 2 times of diameter that start piston [7], constitute super high pressure-charging mechanism, the power that makes motor is more than 5 times of power when starting not supercharging of cylinder (concrete numerical value is decided according to designing requirement), pressurized cylinder is done below power output shaft (gear shaft), four sides tabula continuous casting (shown in Fig. 2 .1) on body.

Area in pressurized cylinder bottom plate [20] cylinder is furnished with breather check valve [2] and the safety check of calming the anger [3], Fig. 2 .1 also illustrates: the pressurized cylinder outside is installed into airduct [14], [15] on cover plate [20], be communicated with air intake passage [1] in (among the figure shown in the dotted line), air port, air intake pipe [14] upper end over against in cold spray cooling nozzle, (in cold spray cooling mechanism in other application, propose, explanation herein is omitted).Pressurized air connecting tube [19] lower end is installed in pressurized cylinder left rear side on the cylinder supercharging bottom plate, holding gas passage [4] (being shown in dotted line among the figure) with following pressurized air is communicated with, the upper end be communicated with to be gone up pressurized air and is held gas passage [9] (shown in Fig. 2 .3), holds gas passage [9] and tangentially leads to the suction port that starts cylinder cylinder sleeve [10] and annular and hold around and start cylinder cylinder sleeve [10] hypomere (shown in Fig. 2 .2,2.3).

Shown in Fig. 4 .2: start cylinder [11] to go up rear side relief opening [12] (shown in Fig. 1) and regularly open and close exhaust by flashboard type outlet valve [21], below the outlet valve [21], be provided with pressurized air by-pass duct [25] connection pressurized air and hold gas passage [9] (shown in Fig. 4 .2), pressurized air by-pass duct [25] is opened and closed synchronously by the operation and the relief opening of outlet valve, starting to infeed pressurized air between the cylinder exhaust cycle, and having the effect of decontamination concurrently relief opening and waste gas realization cooling.

Fig. 5 illustrates: the air demand of pressurized air by-pass duct [25], regulate by the regulating and controlling mechanism that leaf spring [26], flashboard [24], sphenocephaly flexible rod [27], nut [28] constitute, turn nut [28] makes flexible rod [27] sphenocephaly compressing cut flashboard [24] to advance, dwindle or close by-pass hole road junction [25], turn nut [28] retreats flexible rod [27], leaf spring [26] back stretch makes retreating of flashboard [24], and the by-pass hole road junction is opened thereupon or enlarged, thereby regulates the bypath air amount of infeeding.

Fig. 4 .1, Fig. 4 .2 illustrate: outlet pipe [23] import top, one air inhalation check valve [22] is set, outlet pipe [23] leads to exhaust gas turbine (not drawing among the figure), when starting the cylinder exhaust to be interrupted, the blasting action of exhaust gas turbine, air sucks from safety check [22], to outlet pipe and exhaust gas turbine cooling, prevents the surge of exhaust gas turbine simultaneously.Exhaust gas turbine reclaim exhaust energy export to power shaft by gear transmission, increase the thermal efficiency of motor.Be convenient to rotating speed height, delivery temperature height, the middle-size and small-size motor that the cylinder number is few realizes that exhaust energy reclaims.

Fig. 3 illustrates: pressurized cylinder pressurized air safety check [3] valve rod stretches out the motor bottom plate, and the bar head that stretches out connects an end of rocking bar [17], and rocking bar [17] the other end connects regulation and control flexible rod [29].Pulling flexible rod [29] rises and makes rocking bar [17] affect safety check [3] bar head to retreat, and then safety check [3] has cut out certain clearance, therefore has certain pressurized air to return pressurized cylinder, pressurized cylinder is reduced suck air in air intake passage; Swivel nut makes flexible rod descend at the active force of leaf spring [18], and under the effect of check-valve lever spring, the closure of check ring gap dwindles or closes.Reduce or the returning of closes compression air.Thus, about the adjusting flexible rod [29], the amount of charge air that just can regulate pressurized cylinder.

Motor operation, in the working substance flow system, the working medium flow mechanism is as follows:

When starting cylinder [11] work done, the two-piston DL synchronization, piston [5] compression has sucked the air of pressurized cylinder [16]; Suck filtered air (not drawing among the air filter figure) simultaneously and enter engine body from motor capping intake grill [13], flow through and start cylinder [11] top radiating fin, down by motor tabula ventilated port [8], stand for a long while in pressurized cylinder upper space (being above the piston [5]) in tooth bar framework hollow part and other spaces; Descent of piston is to starting cylinder [7] to be positioned to start vicinity on the cylinder cylinder sleeve intake grill, and outlet valve [21] is opened and carried out exhaust, and by-pass duct [25] is opened simultaneously, and the pressurized air that holds in the gas passage infeeds thereupon, to relief opening realize cooling and with the waste gas hybrid stain release; The bypath air amount is regulated and control according to operating mode and delivery temperature by regulating and controlling mechanism in good time.Piston [5] continues air in the compression pressurized cylinder, and when the pressurized cylinder inner air pressure surpasses when holding the gas in-passage pressure and contracting the pressure of air, the safety check of calming the anger [3] is opened, and pressurized air enters compression and holds the gas passage, the storage of temporarily standing for a long while; When descent of piston to piston [7] is opened the cylinder sleeve intake grill [10] that starts cylinder [11], pressurized air enters with eddy current and starts cylinder, to starting the cylinder piston-top surface to form the recess part scavenging of firing chamber part and realizing cooling, and simultaneously to starting cylinder to carry out scavenging and cooling, scavenging finishes, and outlet valve [21] closes; Piston continues to come downwards to lower dead center, cylinder sleeve of engine intake grill [10] standard-sized sheet, this moment the charging volume maximum, compressed air pressure reduces, and realizes cooling to starting cylinder; The pressurized cylinder safety check [3] of calming the anger cuts out.Piston upwards returns row from lower dead center, pressurized cylinder [16] begins to suck air (having entered the air of body), start cylinder piston [5] to compress and start cylinder [11] and hold the interior air of gas passage, to starting cylinder sleeve suction port [10] when closing, the pressurized air that starts cylinder [11] and hold gas passage [9] lining separates, pressure when holding air in the gas passage and keeping is separately stood for a long while and is being held in the gas passage, starts the pressurized air in the cylinder to continue compression; Meanwhile, in cold water injection nozzle spray into water smoke to air intake pipe [14], water smoke enters pressurized cylinder with air mixing, moves downward the compression vaporization of the time being heated at piston [5], by the vaporization heat absorption to cold cooling in the pressurized air realization; Exhaust gas turbine produces blasting action when engine exhaust stops, sucking air from sucking air back valve [22], vent systems is realized cooling, and prevented the surge of turbine.When exhaust began, safety check [22] cut out, and exhaust is normally carried out, and piston walks to top dead center, and start to compress in the cylinder and finish, the burning beginning, pressurized cylinder sucks and finishes, the super charge closure of check ring, piston moves downward from top dead center, and the lower whorl circulation begins, so circulation.

Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 6: framework [30] upper end connects piston [7], and (the piston end opening is made piston skirt, be connected on the framework [30] with screw), crankshaft [31] passes from framework [30] front and back middle opening, and crank pin [33] is placed in the framework [30], rotates in framework [30].The horizontal attachment portion, lower end of framework [30] makes pressurized cylinder piston [5], and the structure of pressurized cylinder [16] and cover plate [20] and other each several parts is identical with mode of execution 1 with setting, and expression is omitted with explanation herein among the figure.

Claims (6)

1. the booster body of the piston reciprocating engine of " a kind of pinion and rack " rate of doing work transmission, it is characterized in that: the horizontal attachment portion of the tooth bar framework upper end of " pinion and rack ", connect and start cylinder piston [7], pressurized cylinder piston [5] is made in horizontal attachment portion, lower end, the diameter of piston [5] is greater than the diameter of piston [7], concrete numerical value determines that according to the supercharging designing requirement two-piston is synchronous and stroke is identical; Start cylinder piston [7] pressure of explosion promote work done descending in, inhaled air in pressurized cylinder piston [5] compression cylinder, and filtered air sucked from motor capping intake grill [13], through tabula ventilated port [8] to the pressurized cylinder upper space.Piston returns when up, starts the air in cylinder piston [7] compression the starting cylinder [11], and pressurized cylinder piston [5] air that will suck in the body sucks pressurized cylinder [16] from the air intake pipe [14] of pressurized cylinder [16] simultaneously.When pressurized cylinder air intake pipe [14] sucks air, air intake pipe [14] is carried out water spray make it to enter pressurized cylinder with air mixing, the heat that pressurized air produces by compression the time is carried out cooling.

2. a traditional connecting rod or do not have the booster body of the motor of linkage mechanism output power, it is characterized in that: the crank of connecting rod, crank pin [33] is with in connecting rod [32] places the framework [30] that is connected two opposed pistonss, bent axle [31] passes from framework [30] front and back opening, the framework upper end connects starts cylinder piston [7], the piston [5] of pressurized cylinder [16] is made in horizontal attachment portion, lower end, cooperate with pressurized cylinder, constitute booster body in the body inner carrier formula cylinder, this booster body is except that power delivery mode and claim 1 different, and other structures are identical with claim 1 with principle and motion mode.

3. by claim 1 or 2 described a kind of booster bodies and pressurized cylinder bottom plate [20], pressurized cylinder air intake pipe [14] [15] above the bottom plate [20], breather check valve [2], pressurized air ends same valve [3], and the gas-entered passageway [1] below the bottom plate [20], pressurized air holds gas passage [4], compressed air channel pipe [19], last pressurized air holds gas passage [9], the supercharging air feed system that starts cylinder sleeve intake grill [10] and start cylinder [11] to constitute, it is characterized in that: the piston air that the water smoke that enters from air intake pipe [14] [15] with spray mixes that moves upward, the gas-entered passageway [1] following by bottom plate [20] enters pressurized cylinder [16] by breather check valve [2]; Descent of piston, breather check valve [2] is closed, cold compression during the air that mixes with water smoke that pressurized cylinder piston [5] sucks pressurized cylinder [16] is realized, when the air pressure in the pressurized cylinder [16] when holding the pressure of air in the gas passage, pressurized air safety check [3] is opened, in the pressurized cylinder residual volume with hold the gas channel connection, the two-piston DL synchronization finishes to starting cylinder to give exhaust, when piston [7] is opened the suction port [10] that starts cylinder sleeve [11], the compressed air communication volume (holds gas passage [4], connecting tube [19] and hold gas passage [9]) compression of lining and in cold air, enter with eddy current and to start cylinder [11], piston [7] end face is formed the recess part scavenging of firing chamber, to starting cylinder [11] scavenging, when scavenging finished, outlet valve [21] was closed relief opening [12] in succession; Piston continues descending, start cylinder to continue inflation, said process simultaneously, cool air is lowered the temperature to starting cylinder [11] and piston [7] in the compression, during to lower dead center, the pressurized cylinder safety check [3] of calming the anger cuts out, and this moment, compressed-air actuated volume started the volume of suction port [10] when not opening of cylinder [11] big relatively, pressure reduces, and this also gets the cooling effect to starting cylinder [11] and piston [7]; Piston returns from lower dead center and moves upward, and pressurized cylinder [16] breather check valve [2] is opened, and pressurized cylinder [16] is air-breathing; Start cylinder piston [7] compression to start the air that charges in the cylinder, piston [7] is up to be separated pressurized air closing when starting the cylinder suction port, and the part storage of standing for a long while is held in the gas passage at pressurized air, and another part is risen by piston [7] and continues compression, participates in burning.

4. by the safety check of pressurized air described in the claim 3 [3], rocking bar [17], the pressurized air that leaf spring [18] and flexible rod [29] constitute is transferred empty mechanism, it is characterized in that: rocking bar [17] one ends connect the bar head that stretching out of pressurized air safety check [3] started cylinder bottom cover plate outside, the other end connects flexible rod [29] bottom bar head, regulating flexible rod [29] rises, drive the joining with it rocking arm of rocking bar [17], the bar head of another rocking arm pulling pressurized air safety check [3] makes closing certain clearance and can not closing or strengthen the gap of having left fully of pressurized air safety check [3]; Regulating flexible rod [29] descends, the elastic force of leaf spring [18] is the lowering position of flexible rod [29] and the position of rocking bar [17] fixedly, the spring pressure of pressurized air safety check dwindles the closing gap of compression check valve [3] or closes, pass through said method, regulate the closing gap of pressurized air safety check [3], make a certain amount of pressurized air return pressurized cylinder [16], corresponding thereupon the minimizing from air intake pipe of pressurized cylinder [16] sucks air, thereby reaches the purpose of regulation and control amount of charge air.

5. one kind by the relief opening that starts cylinder [11] [12], outlet valve [21], outlet pipe [23] sucks the vent systems that air back valve [22] and exhaust gas turbine constitute, it is characterized in that: relief opening [12] is located at and starts cylinder [11] top rear side, flashboard type outlet valve [21] to move up and down to open and close relief opening [12]; Air-breathing safety check [22] is assembled in outlet pipe [23] import top, in outlet pipe [23] exhaust break time, by the exhaust gas turbine blasting action of this moment, sucks air from safety check [22], to the exhaust pipe mouth cooling, prevents the surge of exhaust gas turbine simultaneously.During the outlet pipe exhaust, safety check [22] cuts out under the effect of the spring that self disposes, and exhaust work is normally carried out.The outlet pipe tail end is communicated with exhaust gas turbine, reclaims the energy in the waste gas, increases the thermal efficiency of motor.

6. by the described outlet valve [21] in the claim 5, described pressurized air in the claim 3 holds gas passage [9], pressurized air by-pass duct [25] reaches by by-pass duct flashboard [24], leaf spring [26], sphenocephaly flexible rod [27], by-pass duct air feed regulating and controlling mechanism and pressurized air bypass system that nut [28] constitutes.It is characterized in that: turn nut [28] advances flexible rod [27], flexible rod [27] bar head inclined-plane compressing flashboard [24] moves ahead, dwindle or close by-pass duct [25] and slurcocks spring [26] simultaneously, turn nut [28] retreats flexible rod [27], the elastic force of leaf spring [26] makes corresponding the retreating of flashboard [24], open or enlarge by-pass duct [25], hold the amount that cool air enters outlet pipe [23] from by-pass duct [25] in the compression in the gas passage by said method regulation and control compression; The by-pass duct outlet is pressed in the bottom of outlet valve [21], when outlet valve [21] opens and closes relief opening [12], opens and closes the outlet of by-pass duct [25], makes it air-supplied the mixing with waste gas to carry out the cooling decontamination when exhaust is carried out, simultaneously relief opening is lowered the temperature.

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