WO2013120286A1

WO2013120286A1 - Supercharged engine

Info

Publication number: WO2013120286A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/071771
Authority: WO
Inventors: 麦镇荣
Original assignee: Mai Zhenrong
Priority date: 2012-02-15
Filing date: 2012-02-29
Publication date: 2013-08-22
Also published as: CN102562274A

Abstract

A supercharged engine comprises an air intake device, an exhaust device, an oil injection device, a supercharging device, and a control device for controlling on/off of the supercharging device and adjusting the air-jet amount. The control device controls the supercharging device to inject compressed air for clearing exhaust gas into a cylinder combustion chamber during the exhaust motion of a piston (2) of a cylinder (1) and before the close of the exhaust device. The control device controls the supercharging device to inject the compressed air into the cylinder (1) during the air-intake motion of the piston (2) and after the oil-injection process of the oil injection device, so as to fill the cylinder with air or supercharge the cylinder. The supercharged engine discharges the exhaust gas without resistance and thus can empty the exhaust gas, and no high-temperature exhaust gas is fed back to the cylinder, so that the temperature of the cylinder is further decreased, and the compression ratio of the engine is improved. Moreover, the supercharged engine is simpler in structure and easier to control, has higher power, works more stably, has a longer service life and much lower cost, and is more energy-saving and environment-protecting.

Description

Supercharged engine

(i) Technical areas:

The invention relates to an engine, in particular to an efficient and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine.

(ii) Background technology:

The engine according to the present invention is an internal combustion engine. The main body of the internal combustion engine is a cylinder. The upper port of the cylinder is covered by a cylinder head. A piston is arranged in the cylinder, and the piston reciprocates between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of the cylinder.

The cylinder chamber between the top dead center of the piston movement and the cylinder head is a combustion chamber, and the cylinder chamber between the bottom dead center of the piston movement and the cylinder head is an intake chamber (including a combustion chamber), an intake chamber and a combustion chamber The ratio is the compression ratio.

The reciprocating motion of the piston is divided into four processes: intake, compression, explosion work and exhaust:

1. Intake (ie inhalation). When the piston moves downward from the top dead center, the air inlet is opened and the air outlet is closed. During the downward movement of the piston from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the valve of the air inlet is in the open state, and the valve of the exhaust port is in the closed state. At this time, the piston acts as the intake air, and the fuel injection device directly from the fuel injector. The oil is injected into the cylinder, and the injector is generally disposed on the cylinder head.

2. Compression. The piston closes the air inlet when moving up from the bottom dead center. During the movement of the piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, the intake and exhaust valves are closed.

3. Explosive work. The piston moves up to the top dead center, and the mixed combustion body ignites in the combustion chamber, and the mixed combustion body instantaneously ignites and explodes, pushing the piston to the bottom dead center to move the output power.

4. Exhaust. The piston opens the exhaust port when moving up from the bottom dead center. The piston moves upward from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. At this time, the valve of the intake port is closed, and the valve of the exhaust port is opened, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion explosion of the mixed combustion body is discharged.

Exhaust gas and waste heat cannot be exhausted during the exhaust process. This is not only a problem with conventional engines, but also a problem that cannot be solved by turbocharged engines. This is because the piston that moves to the top dead center of the cylinder cannot exhaust the residual exhaust gas and waste heat in the combustion chamber, and the remaining oxygen-free exhaust gas and waste heat (about 400 degrees to 500 degrees) remain in the newly entered air during the next cycle of intake, affecting The quality of the incoming air increases the temperature of the incoming air, affecting the density of the incoming air. Because it also mixes a certain amount of oxygen-free exhaust gas, it is more detrimental to the mixed fuel explosion work, and the compression ratio of the engine cannot be improved. The compression ratio is an important indicator of the internal combustion engine. The larger the compression ratio, the greater the density of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber before ignition. On the one hand, the combustion can be more complete, the fuel utilization is higher, and the energy consumption is lower. Exhaust emissions are also lower, and on the other hand, the engine's power output is greater.

In the case where the compression ratio is constant, an effective method for increasing engine power in the prior art is to pressurize the engine cylinders. Because the engine generates power by burning fuel in the cylinder, the intake of air lags behind the movement of the piston during the intake (ie, inhalation) process, when the piston When the movement reaches the bottom dead center, the intake valve is closed. At this time, the air enclosed in the cylinder chamber is not the full cylinder at the time of normal intake, and the amount of fuel injected is limited by the amount of air sucked into the cylinder, so the engine generates Power is also limited. How to increase the power of the engine at the rated power can only increase the amount of fuel by compressing more air into the cylinder, thereby improving the combustion function. Under the current technical conditions, the turbocharger is the only mechanical device that can increase the output power of the engine under the same working efficiency. The turbocharged engine has been widely used in European cars.

The turbocharger is actually an air compressor that increases the intake air volume of the engine by compressing air. The turbocharger has two modes: supercharged and exhaust turbocharged:

1. The supercharger is mounted on the engine and connected to the engine crankshaft through a belt. The power is obtained from the engine output shaft to drive the rotor of the supercharger to rotate, thereby pressurizing the air into the intake passage through the intake port. Pressurized into the engine cylinder. The advantage is that the turbine speed is the same as the engine, so there is no hysteresis and the power output is very smooth. However, due to the fact that it is installed on the rotating shaft of the engine, some of the power is consumed, and the effect of supercharging is not high. When the engine is running at high speed, the intake lag is also generated.

2. The exhaust turbocharger has no mechanical connection with the engine. It is actually an air compressor that uses compressed air to increase the intake air. It uses the inertial force of the exhaust gas from the engine to propel the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine drives the coaxial impeller. The impeller presses the air sent by the air cleaner pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder through the air inlet. When the engine speed increases, the exhaust gas discharge speed and the turbine speed increase at the same time. The impeller compresses more air into the cylinder. The increased pressure and density of the air can burn more fuel. Increasing the fuel amount can increase the engine. Output power. In general, the engine power and torque after the addition of the exhaust turbocharger is increased by 20% - 30%.

It is true that deploying a turbocharger does increase the power of the engine, but there are some disadvantages:

1. Speed up problem. Due to the inertia of the impeller, the response to the sudden change of the throttle valve is slow, causing the power output response to lag, that is, from the big foot to the throttle to increase the horsepower, until the impeller rotates more air into the engine to obtain more power. A time difference of about 2 seconds, that is, if it suddenly accelerates, there is a feeling that speed cannot be lifted.

2. Accelerate the problem. Although turbocharging technology has been improved, due to design problems, the car with a turbocharger feels like a car with a large displacement. For example, 1. 8T turbocharged car, in actual driving, acceleration is definitely not as good as 2. 4L car, but as long as you have passed the waiting period, 1. 8T power will also come up, so if you pursue If you are driving, the turbocharged engine is not for you. If you are running at high speed, turbocharging is especially important.

3. There are few opportunities for starting. In the conventional design, the turbocharged start is about 3,500 rpm. Take the turbocharged 1. 8T car as an example. Generally, the shift speed of the city driving is between 2000 and 3000, and the 5th gear can reach the speed of 3,500 rpm. It is estimated that it has exceeded 120 km / h, which means that unless you deliberately stay in the low gear, it will not exceed 120 km / h, the turbo can not start, there is no turbocharged start, the car is only 1. 8T power Only the car, 2. 4T power can only theoretically boost the power. 4. The turbocharger is in a high-speed, high-temperature working environment. The temperature of the supercharger exhaust gas turbine is 600 degrees to 1000 degrees, and the supercharger speed is also very high (about 120,000 rpm), causing the turbocharger. Extremely vulnerable, such as the Bora's 1. 8T car, about 60,000 kilometers to repair and replace the turbocharger, turbocharger repair and replacement expensive, virtually increase the owner's maintenance costs.

5. The turbocharger's turbine end makes the engine exhaust poor, which blocks the upward displacement of the piston, reduces the crankshaft kinetic energy, reduces the power output, and ultimately reduces the engine power.

(3) Invention content:

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine which empties high temperature and oxygen-free exhaust gas by cleaning engine exhaust gas, lowers cylinder temperature, and increases gas density and purity of fresh air, thereby increasing engine power.

An efficient and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine capable of achieving the above objectives, including an intake device, an exhaust device, and a fuel injection device, and further comprising a supercharging device, and a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the supercharging device and adjusting the amount of the jet. The control device controls the supercharging device to eject compressed air for cleaning the exhaust gas into the combustion chamber of the cylinder when the piston of the cylinder is exhausted and before the exhaust device is closed. The compressed air injected into the combustion chamber of the cylinder can completely discharge the oxygen-free exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder, lowering the temperature of the cylinder, and improving the purity of the air in the cylinder during the next cycle of the intake of the engine, the temperature is lowered, and the gas density is increased. Ensure that the oxygen in the cylinder is sufficient, increase the fuel burning rate, improve the engine working conditions, reduce the generation of harmful exhaust gas, and save energy and environmental protection.

There are four ways to supercharge the supercharger:

1. The supercharging device adopts an exhaust gas turbocharger, and a compressed air inlet of the exhaust turbocharger communicates with an intake port of the cylinder, and an exhaust port of the cylinder communicates with an exhaust inlet of the exhaust turbocharger. The intake device (intake valve of the cylinder) is opened in advance when cleaning the exhaust gas.

2. The boosting device is directly in communication with the intake port of the cylinder.

3. The supercharging device is connected to the natural intake air intake device through the controllable three-way, and the control three-way is controlled when the exhaust gas is cleaned (continue) to close the natural intake air intake device and turn on the supercharging device (previously controllable The three-way closes the intake and boosting devices of the natural intake).

4. The boosting device directly turns on the cylinder through the air vent of the cylinder (the natural intake air intake device remains).

A further improvement of the present invention is to use the supercharging method adopted at the third point and the fourth point to inject air into the cylinder on the basis of the natural intake of the engine to increase the amount of air entering. Therefore, the air in the cylinder is full or pressurized (the control device controls the intake air amount of the boosting device), and the air density in the cylinder is increased, thereby increasing the fuel injection amount supplied by the fuel injection device, thereby increasing the engine output power. Purpose; On the other hand, the output of the engine is increased by increasing the amount of air participating in the expansion work in the cylinder during the explosion work.

The implementation methods are as follows:

Under the condition of the third point, the control device controls the supercharging device to be turned on when the piston performs the inhalation movement, the fuel injection device is injected, and the controllable three-way pre-closes the natural intake air intake device. The pressurized air is ejected after the supercharging device.

Under the condition of the above fourth point, the control means controls the supercharging device to eject the compressed air after the piston performs the inhalation movement, the fuel injection device is injected, and the natural intake air intake device is closed.

In the case of the third point and the fourth point described above, when the piston of the cylinder is at an intake stroke of 50% or more and less than 100%, the timing of discharging the compressed air by the supercharging device is obtained.

The optimum timing for the piston of the cylinder to vent compressed air for the booster when the piston is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100% of the suction stroke.

The supercharging device is a supercharger driven by an engine, or an electronic pump, or another type of air pump.

Since the cylinder is mostly or substantially filled with air when the supercharging device is in operation, the air in the cylinder is full or pressurized, and a small amount or a small amount of air is required, so the supercharger or the electronic pump, The power configuration of other types of air pumps can be small, and a low-power supercharger, an electronic pump or other type of air pump can be selected as the supercharging device, and in particular, the low-power supercharger can effectively reduce the power consumption of the engine.

The piston of the cylinder is at an optimum timing for the pressurized device to vent compressed air at an exhaust stroke of greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%.

Advantages of the invention:

1. The high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine of the invention can exhaust the exhaust gas, and no high-temperature exhaust gas returns to the cylinder, and further reduces the cylinder temperature, which is beneficial to increase the compression ratio of the engine and reduce the probability of occurrence of deflagration.

2. The high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine of the invention does not need exhaust gas turbocharging, and the full-cylinder and supercharging of the cylinder air can be realized by using a small-power supercharger, and the turbocharged engine is also greatly improved in power. Compared with the conventional supercharger, the cost of the low-power supercharger is greatly reduced, and the engine power loss is effectively prevented, the performance is stable, and the service life is long.

3. The supercharger of the high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine of the invention can work simultaneously with the engine, and the control of the control device realizes that the air supply amount and the engine speed are the same, the speed increase and the acceleration response are fast, and there is no hysteresis.

4. Compared with the turbocharged engine of the same specification, the high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine of the invention has simpler structure, easier control, more powerful power, more stable work, longer service life and greatly reduced cost. And more energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

(4) Description of the drawings:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure number identification: 1, cylinder; 2, piston; 3, cylinder head; 4, crank box; 5, fuel injector; 6, air jet; 7, air inlet; 8, exhaust port; 10, crank; 11, supercharger; 12, exhaust turbocharger; 13, controllable tee. (5) Specific implementation methods:

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

The high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine of the invention relates to a gasoline internal combustion engine, the engine is a three-cylinder engine or a four-cylinder to eight-cylinder engine, and FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the single-cylinder structure of the engine and its supporting components. And equipment.

The upper port of the cylinder 1 of the single-cylinder engine is covered by a cylinder head 3, the injector head 5 of the fuel injection device is disposed at the center of the cylinder head 3, and the air inlet 7 and the exhaust port 8 of the cylinder 1 are opened on the cylinder head 3; The lower port of the cylinder 1 is connected to the crank case 4, and the crank case 4 is provided with a crank link mechanism. The crank link mechanism is composed of a crank 10 and a connecting rod 9 which are hinged to each other; the piston 1 is fitted with a piston 2, a piston 2 and a connecting rod 9 hinges.

The single cylinder engine is equipped with an intake device (including valves and piping), an exhaust device (including valves and piping), a fuel injection device and a supercharging device, and a control for controlling the opening and closing of the supercharging device and adjusting the amount of the jet. The device and the control device also simultaneously control the opening and closing of the fuel injection device and the adjustment of the fuel injection amount.

As shown in FIG. 1, the supercharging device is an exhaust gas turbocharger 12, and the compressed air inlet of the exhaust turbocharger 12 communicates with the intake port 7 of the cylinder 1, and the exhaust port 8 of the cylinder 1 is The exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas turbocharger 12 is in communication.

As shown in Fig. 2, the supercharging device is a low-power supercharger 11 driven by an engine, and the supercharger 11 communicates with the intake port 7 of the cylinder 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, the supercharging device is a low-power supercharger 11 driven by an engine, and the supercharger 11 is connected to the (naturally-intake) intake device through a controllable three-way 13 On the pipeline.

As shown in FIG. 4, the supercharging device is a small-power supercharger 11 driven by an engine, the supercharger 11 is connected to the air-jet port 6, and the air-jet port 6 is provided in the cylinder 1 beside the injector 5. On the cylinder head 3, the air intake is naturally air intake.

When the engine is started, the rotation of the crank 10 and the swing of the connecting rod 9 are converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 in the cylinder 1 (after the engine is started, the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 in the cylinder 1 is converted into the rotation of the crank 10), and the piston 2 moves. The chamber between the top dead center A and the cylinder head 3 is a combustion chamber, and the chamber between the bottom dead center B of the movement of the piston 2 and the cylinder head 3 is an intake chamber (including a combustion chamber).

The reciprocating motion of the piston 2 is divided into four processes of intake, compression, explosion work and exhaust:

1. Intake (ie inhalation). When the piston 2 moves downward from the top dead center A, the intake device opens the valve of the intake port 7, and the exhaust device closes the valve of the exhaust port 8.

In the structure shown in FIG. 1, during the downward movement of the piston 2 from the top dead center A to the bottom dead center B, the valve of the intake port 7 is in an open state, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is in a closed state, the piston 2 The exhaust gas turbocharger 12 is pressurized into the cylinder 1 when the top dead center A moves downward, and the control device controls the fuel injection device to inject oil from the fuel injector 5, and after the suction operation of the piston 2 is completed, the air inlet 7 is closed. The valve.

In the structure shown in FIG. 2, during the downward movement of the piston 2 from the top dead center A to the bottom dead center B, the valve of the intake port 7 is in an open state, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is in a closed state, the piston 2 When the top dead center A moves downward, the supercharger 11 pressurizes the cylinder 1, and the control device controls the fuel injection device to inject oil from the fuel injector 5. After the suction operation of the piston 2 is completed, the air inlet 7 is closed. Valve. In the structure shown in FIG. 3, during the downward movement of the piston 2 from the top dead center A to the bottom dead center B, the controllable tee 13 opens the natural intake air intake device (including the valve opening the air inlet 7). And the conduction line), the valve of the exhaust port 8 is closed, and the control device turns off the supercharger 11. When the piston 2 moves downward from the top dead center A, the control device controls the fuel injection device to inject oil from the fuel injector 5, and when the fuel injection operation is completed, the suction stroke of the piston 2 is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 100% (most When the ratio is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%, the controllable tee 13 closes the intake device of the natural intake (only the pipeline is closed, the valve of the intake port 7 is still open) and the mechanical supercharger is turned on. The controller 11 (line), the control device activates the supercharger 11, and the control device controls the supercharger 11 to inject compressed air into the cylinder 1, so that the air in the cylinder 1 is full or pressurized.

In the structure shown in FIG. 4, during the downward movement of the piston 2 from the top dead center A to the bottom dead center B, the valve of the intake port 7 is in an open state, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is in a closed state, the control device The supercharger 11 is turned off. When the piston 2 moves downward from the top dead center A, the control device controls the fuel injection device to inject oil from the fuel injector 5, and when the fuel injection operation is completed, the suction stroke of the piston 2 is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 100% (most When the ratio is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%, the natural intake air intake device is closed (by closing the valve of the air inlet 7), the control device activates the supercharger 11, and the control device controls the mechanical increase. The compressor 11 injects compressed air directly into the cylinder 1 from the air outlet 6, so that the air in the cylinder 1 is full or pressurized.

2. Compression, piston 2 moves upward from bottom dead center B. During the movement of the piston 2 from the bottom dead center B to the top dead center A, the air intake port 7 and the exhaust port 8 are both closed.

3. Explosive work. The piston 2 moves up to the top dead center A, and the mixed combustion body of fuel and air ignites in the combustion chamber, and the mixed combustion body instantaneously ignites and explodes, pushing the piston 2 to the bottom dead center B to output power.

4. Exhaust, piston 2 moves up to the top dead center B from bottom dead center B.

In the structure shown in FIG. 1, the valve of the intake port 7 is closed, the valve of the exhaust port 8 is opened, and the exhaust stroke of the piston 2 is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is about to be Before closing, the air intake device opens the valve of the air inlet 7, and the turbocharger 12 injects compressed air into the cylinder 1 to clean the exhaust gas, and completely blows out the oxygen-free exhaust gas generated by the combustion combustion of the mixed combustion body.

In the structure shown in FIG. 2, the valve of the intake port 7 is closed, the valve of the exhaust port 8 is opened, and the exhaust stroke of the piston 2 is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is about to be Before closing, the air intake device opens the valve of the air inlet 7, and the supercharger 11 injects compressed air into the cylinder 1 to clean the exhaust gas, and completely blows out the oxygen-free exhaust gas generated by the combustion combustion of the mixed combustion body.

In the structure shown in FIG. 3, the valve of the intake port 7 is closed, the valve of the exhaust port 8 is opened, and the exhaust stroke of the piston 2 is greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is about to be Before closing, the control device activates the supercharger 11, the controllable three-way 13 closes the pipeline of the natural intake air intake device and opens the supercharger 11 passage, the valve of the intake port 7 is opened, and the control device controls the mechanical increase The presser 11 injects compressed air into the cylinder 1 to clean the exhaust gas, and completely blows out the oxygen-free exhaust gas generated by the combustion and explosion of the mixed combustion body.

In the structure shown in FIG. 4, the valve of the intake port 7 is closed, and the valve of the exhaust port 8 is opened. The piston 2 completes an exhaust stroke of greater than or equal to 90% and less than 100%. Before the valve of the exhaust port 8 is about to close, the control device activates the supercharger 11, and the control device controls the supercharger 11 to inject into the cylinder 1. The compressed air cleans the exhaust gas, and the oxygen-free exhaust gas generated by the combustion explosion of the mixed combustion body is completely blown out.

Claims

Claim

1. An efficient and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine, comprising an air intake device, an exhaust device and a fuel injection device, characterized in that it further comprises a supercharging device, and a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the supercharging device and adjusting the air volume, the control device The supercharging device is controlled to discharge compressed air for cleaning the exhaust gas into the combustion chamber of the cylinder (1) when the piston (2) of the cylinder (1) is exhausted and before the exhaust device is closed.

2. The high efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 1, wherein: said supercharging device is an exhaust gas turbocharger (12), and said exhaust gas turbocharger (12) is compressed air inlet and The intake port (7) of the cylinder (1) communicates, and the exhaust port (8) of the cylinder (1) communicates with the exhaust inlet of the exhaust turbocharger (12).

3. The high efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 1, wherein: said supercharging device is in direct communication with an intake port (7) of the cylinder (1).

4. The high-efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 1, wherein: the supercharging device is connected to the natural intake air intake device through the controllable three-way (13), and the control tee is cleaned when the exhaust gas is cleaned ( 13) Turn off the natural intake air intake and turn on the booster.

5. The high efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 1, wherein: said supercharging device is in direct communication with the cylinder (1) through an air outlet (6) of the cylinder (1).

The high-efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the control device controls the supercharging device to perform the inhalation movement of the piston (2), and the fuel injection device is sprayed, The control tee (13) closes the intake device of the natural intake in advance and discharges the compressed air after the supercharging device is turned on; or the control device controls the supercharging device to make the inhalation movement of the piston (2) The oil device discharges the compressed air after the fuel injection is completed and the natural intake air intake device is closed in advance.

The high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 6, wherein: said piston (2) ejects compressed air at an intake stroke of 50% or more and less than 100%.

8. The high-efficiency environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to claim 7, wherein: said boosting device ejects compressed air when said piston (2) has an intake stroke of 90% or more and less than 100%.

9. The highly efficient and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein The indication is that the supercharging device is a supercharger (11) driven by an engine or an electronic pump.

The high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly supercharged engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: when the piston (2) is at an exhaust stroke of 90% or more and less than 100%, the supercharging device sprays Compressed air.