CN101288384A - Black shrimp intraspecific hybridization method - Google Patents
Black shrimp intraspecific hybridization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101288384A CN101288384A CNA2007100983421A CN200710098342A CN101288384A CN 101288384 A CN101288384 A CN 101288384A CN A2007100983421 A CNA2007100983421 A CN A2007100983421A CN 200710098342 A CN200710098342 A CN 200710098342A CN 101288384 A CN101288384 A CN 101288384A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of intraspecific hybridization of black shrimp, comprising the steps of collecting and separately cultivating excellent local population, selecting female shrimps and male shrimps with sexual maturity and carrying out the cross mating with excellent seed shrimps in different places. The breeding method of the invention has the remarkable advantages in the hybrid rate and the economical rate of male parent, and the like; compared with the existing shrimp larvae, the shrimp larvae cultivated by the breeding method of the invention has remarkable progress in such aspects as growth rate, ability of resisting diseases and inverse and delaying sexual maturity, and the like, fully shows the heterosis, and improves the commodity rate, individual specification and economic benefit of shrimp cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shrimps genetic breeding, particularly relate to same kind of hybridization (the being intraspecific hybridization) technology between the differently square population of shrimps.
Background technology
Freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense), the formal name used at school Japanese macrobrachium supernbum is the important freshwater aquiculture shrimps of China.More than 20 ten thousand tons of China's shrimp culture annual productions at present, but also increasing year by year.But along with the continuous expansion of culturing scale, the improving constantly of intensification degree, serious deterioration of variety phenomenon appears in freshwater shrimp, sexual maturity ahead of time, individuality diminishes, the listing rate reduces, disease increases, culture benefit glides year by year.Deterioration of variety has become the bottleneck of shrimp culture industry, has seriously restricted the development of shrimp culture industry, presses for freshwater shrimp is carried out rejuvenation and improvement.
Freshwater shrimp is the native country kind of China, and natural water area throughout the country extensively distributes, and forms different endemic population.Endemic population separate sources, that proterties is good being hybridized, filter out and have heterotic combination, cultivate the intraspecific hybridization excellent strain, is one of important channel that solves freshwater shrimp deterioration of variety problem.
The freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization of using in producing at present, because two parents are the male and female population mixtures, in advance each parent's male and female are not separated, just simply that two parent populations are mixed by a certain percentage, causing having among the offspring significant proportion is that each parent self male and female mating produces, the offspring is not a crossbreed completely, and hybrid vigour can not be fully used.Such as, A population and B population all are the male and female population mixture separately, and A population and B population is mixed with 1: 1 ratio, 50% are the offsprings that selfing of A population and the selfing of B population produce among the offspring then, only 50% is the offspring of population intermolecular hybrid.Especially under many circumstances, hybrid vigour is unidirectional, and promptly only the male hybridization of the female and B population of A population just shows hybrid vigour, and the female hybridization of the male and B population of A population, its hybrid vigour is lower or do not have hybrid vigour fully, even hybrid weakness occurs.In this case, traditional freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization method has just more seriously influenced heterotic utilization.The invention solves the problems referred to above, the advantage of population intermolecular hybrid is fully utilized.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to sort technology and rational breeding technology in batches, realize the efficient hybridization between the different endemic population of freshwater shrimp, for realizing that by intraspecific hybridization the rejuvenation and the improvement of freshwater shrimp kind provide a kind of solution by male and female.
The concise and to the point technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is to utilize the difference of aspects such as male and female freshwater shrimp behaviouristics, ecology, life habit and efficiently low damage to take off the ovum technology to realize that the freshwater shrimp male and female sort in batches, pass through the male rational proportion of female and another population of a population then, realize the efficient intraspecific hybridization between the different endemic population of freshwater shrimp, for shrimp culture already provides high-quality shrimp seedling.
Detailed technology scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method may further comprise the steps:
1) gathers the good endemic population that are used for hybridizing, enlarge quantity by artificial propagation, and carry out specially pool cultivated respectively;
2) place lobster basket in culturing the pond and fish for, the lobster basket mesh is set to that female shrimp can escape from and specification that male shrimp can not escape from, is aided with hand picking again, rejects a spot of female shrimp, obtains male shrimp in batches;
3) sort out the female shrimp of oogenesis the season of female shrimp oogenesis in batches from culturing the pond, adopt the female shrimp efficient lossless wound of oogenesis to take off the ovum method again and slough the shrimp ovum, obtain the female shrimp of large batch of sexual maturity;
4) use from differently male shrimp and the female shrimp cross mating of square population;
5) carry out freshwater shrimp artificial propagation and shrimp seed rearing according to a conventional method, obtain good shrimp species.
Wherein, the described good endemic population of step 1) are selected from Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp, Poyang Lake freshwater shrimp, Weishan Lake freshwater shrimp, Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp, the Changjiang river freshwater shrimp or the Oujiang River freshwater shrimp any two kinds.
Above-mentioned steps 2) described lobster basket mesh specification is 2～2.5 centimetres.Fish for the main foundation of male shrimp and be by place lobster basket in culturing the pond: studies show that of freshwater shrimp behavior, physiological ecological, life habit etc., the male shrimp individuality of sexual maturity be obviously greater than female shrimp, and mobility and scope of activities are also obviously greater than female shrimp.Because male shrimp mobility and scope of activities are big, the shrimp that enters lobster basket is in the majority with male shrimp, simultaneously, enter the female shrimp of lobster basket owing to can pass mesh, major part is escaped from, and the shrimp overwhelming majority of therefore fishing for is male shrimp, male shrimp ratio can be up to more than 90%, be aided with hand picking again, reject a spot of female shrimp, can obtain male shrimp in batches.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in the batch collection of female shrimp be the annual the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, most of sexually matured female shrimp is oogenesis all, do not need special technology can sort out the female shrimp of oogenesis easily in batches, be aided with " the female shrimp efficient lossless of oogenesis is hindered the ovum technology of taking off " again, can obtain the female shrimp of large batch of sexual maturity.
Above-mentioned steps 3) the female shrimp efficient lossless of described oogenesis is hindered and is taken off the ovum technology to be documented in application number be in 200610111326.7 the Chinese invention patent application, this technology is to be that 1: 0.006～0.009: 0.002～0.005 water, sodium chloride and protease prepare shrimp with ovums and takes off ovum liquid with weight ratio, the female shrimp of oogenesis is put into this to take off ovum liquid and carries out enzymolysis, ovum is come off from female shrimp belly, blowing aeration incessantly in whole enzymolysis process simultaneously, take off the ovum process and in 5 hours, finish, take off female shrimp behind the ovum and keep survival rate more than 90%.
In the described cross mating method of step 4), the ratio of male shrimp and female shrimp is 1 hero: 1～5 is female; Preferred ratio is 1 hero: 3～4 is female.Because in male and female breeding process, male shrimp can with a plurality of female shrimp mating, male and female breeding in 1: 1 can cause the waste of male shrimp, increases seedling cost; And adopting 1 hero: 3～4 female ratios are bred, and can improve breeding efficiency, reduce seedling cost.
The freshwater shrimp population intermolecular hybrid technology path that the present invention has not only proposed a kind of first male and female letter sorting first and then bred and hybridize; and set up the male and female that are suitable for large-scale production and sorted technology and breeding technology in batches; not only have theory significance, and lay a good foundation for the exploitation of intraspecific hybridization new lines and the industrialization thereof of freshwater shrimp and even other fresh water shrimps.The present invention can be used for the development and use of freshwater shrimp population species hybrid advantage, helps to improve the economic benefit of shrimp culture, and will promote China's shrimp culture industry health and sustainable development.
Advantage of the present invention and effect
1. the present invention can fast and effeciently sort the male and female freshwater shrimp in batches, and matches by tangible male and female combination of hybrid vigour and rational female-male proportion, and hybrid rate is increased to more than 90%.
2. the present invention has improved breeding efficiency when having saved seedling cost.Male shrimp can with a plurality of female shrimp mating, in 1 hero: 3～4 female ratios breedings, both avoided the waste of male shrimp, increased the quantity of female shrimp again, make the parent of equal number bring out the shrimp seedling of greater number, reduced seedling cost, improved breeding efficiency.
3. the high-quality shrimp seedling of cultivating with the present invention can be brought into play hybrid vigour fully, improving aspects such as growth rate, disease-resistant anti-adversity ability and delay maturation, male and female population mixture than two traditional separate sources is mixed with significant improvement simply mutually, can improve the commodity rate of shrimp culture, individual specification and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Further the present invention is elaborated below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1.
Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (female) and Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (hero) cross breeding method
By analysis-by-synthesis such as genetics, economic characters, nutritional qualities, Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp, two kinds of good endemic population of Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp have been found.
Above-mentioned two kinds of good shrimp species are enlarged quantity by artificial propagation, and carry out specially pool cultivated respectively; Late April to early June, in culturing the pond, place lobster basket and fish for, the lobster basket mesh is set to 2.5 centimetres, is aided with hand picking again, rejects the female shrimp of a small amount of residue in the lobster basket, obtains male shrimp in batches; The first tenday period of a month in May to early June, sort out the female shrimp of oogenesis in the pond in batches from culturing, adopting application number again is that the female shrimp efficient lossless of oogenesis put down in writing in 200610111326.7 the Chinese patent application is hindered and taken off the ovum method and slough female shrimp ovum, concrete grammar is: the water that with weight ratio is 1: 0.006: 0.005, sodium chloride and protease prepare shrimp with ovums and take off ovum liquid, the female shrimp of oogenesis is put into this to take off ovum liquid and carries out enzymolysis, ovum is come off from female shrimp belly, blowing aeration incessantly in whole enzymolysis process simultaneously, take off the ovum process and in 5 hours, finish, obtain the female shrimp of large batch of sexual maturity; According to 1 hero: 3 female ratios, with female Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp and male Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp cross mating; Carry out freshwater shrimp artificial propagation and shrimp seed rearing according to conventional method, obtain high-quality shrimp seedling of the present invention.
Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (female) shows that with the cross experiment of Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (hero) it is effective that male and female sort technical application in batches, can satisfy needs of scale production.1 hero: 3 female breeding ratios can be saved 66% male parent.Culture experiment shows, first-filial generation has characteristics such as fast growth, individual big, high, the disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance of commodity rate, age at sexual maturity evening, show tangible hybrid vigour, compare with the shrimp seedling of control group Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (male and female population mixture) x Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (male and female population mixture) culture experiment gained, the shrimp seedling growth rate that present embodiment is cultivated is average fast 14.5%, output on average improves 10.3%, and commodity rate on average improves 15.7%, and economic benefit on average improves 20.8%.
Embodiment 2.
Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (female) and Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (hero) cross breeding method
By analysis-by-synthesis such as genetics, economic characters, nutritional qualities, Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp, two kinds of good endemic population of Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp have been found.Population is expanded numerous basic identical with embodiment 1 with method for sorting, and during the male and female cross mating, female-male proportion adopts 1 hero: 4 is female.Carry out freshwater shrimp artificial propagation and shrimp seed rearing according to conventional method then, obtain high-quality shrimp seedling of the present invention.
Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (female) x Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (hero) cross experiment shows that it is effective that male and female sort technical application in batches, can satisfy needs of scale production, 1 hero: 4 female breeding ratios can be saved 75% male parent.Culture experiment shows, first-filial generation has advantages such as fast growth, output height, disease-resistant high-output stress-resistance, this friendship combination hybrid vigour is better than control group Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp (male and female population mixture) x Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (male and female population mixture), and economic benefit on average improves about 12.1%.
Embodiment 3.
Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (female) and the Oujiang River freshwater shrimp (hero) cross breeding method
By analysis-by-synthesis such as genetics, economic characters, nutritional qualities, Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp, two kinds of good endemic population of the Oujiang River freshwater shrimp have been found.Population is expanded numerous basic identical with embodiment 1 with method for sorting, and during the male and female cross mating, female-male proportion adopts 1 hero: 5 is female.Carry out freshwater shrimp artificial propagation and shrimp seed rearing according to conventional method then, obtain high-quality shrimp seedling of the present invention.
Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp (female) x the Oujiang River freshwater shrimp (hero) cross experiment shows that it is effective that male and female sort technical application in batches, can satisfy needs of scale production, 1 hero: 5 female breeding ratios can be saved 80% male parent.The breed comparative trial shows that this hybrid combination shows very strong disease-resistant anti-adversity ability, and individual neat specification is suitable for the relatively poor waters of condition of water quality and cultures.
Above embodiment only illustrates hybrid combination (strain) in freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization technology that the present invention sets up and the freshwater shrimp good species that has filtered out, but the present invention is not limited to this.It should be noted that; the freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization new lines that obtains by above-mentioned technology path and use above-mentioned technology path to carry out the production of shrimp seedling all within protection domain of the presently claimed invention can not break away from the scope of spirit of the present invention and appended claim protection.Here no longer other specific embodiment is enumerated one by one.
Claims (6)
1. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) gathers the good endemic population that are used for hybridizing, enlarge quantity by artificial propagation, and carry out specially pool cultivated respectively;
2) place lobster basket in culturing the pond and fish for, the lobster basket mesh is set to that female shrimp can escape from and specification that male shrimp can not escape from, is aided with hand picking again, rejects a spot of female shrimp, obtains male shrimp in batches;
3) sort out the female shrimp of oogenesis the season of female shrimp oogenesis in batches from culturing the pond, adopt the female shrimp efficient lossless wound of oogenesis to take off the ovum method again and slough the shrimp ovum, obtain the female shrimp of sexual maturity in batches;
4) use from differently male shrimp and the female shrimp cross mating of square population;
5) carry out freshwater shrimp artificial propagation and shrimp seed rearing according to a conventional method, obtain high-quality shrimp seedling.
2. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described good endemic population of step 1) are selected from any two kinds in Taihu Lake freshwater shrimp, Poyang Lake freshwater shrimp, Weishan Lake freshwater shrimp, Zhujiang River freshwater shrimp, the Changjiang river freshwater shrimp or the Oujiang River freshwater shrimp.
3. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) described lobster basket mesh specification is 2～2.5 centimetres.
4. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the female shrimp efficient lossless of the oogenesis of using during the female shrimp of the described acquisition of step 3) sexual maturity in enormous quantities hinders that to take off the ovum method be to be that 1: 0.006～0.009: 0.002～0.005 water, sodium chloride and protease prepare shrimp with ovums and takes off ovum liquid with weight ratio, the female shrimp of oogenesis is put into this to take off ovum liquid and carries out enzymolysis, ovum is come off from female shrimp belly, blowing aeration incessantly in whole enzymolysis process simultaneously, take off the ovum process and in 5 hours, finish, take off female shrimp behind the ovum and keep survival rate more than 90%.
5. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described cross mating of step 4), the ratio of male shrimp and female shrimp is 1 hero: 1～5 is female.
6. freshwater shrimp intraspecific hybridization breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described cross mating of step 4), the ratio of male shrimp and female shrimp is 1 hero: 3～4 is female.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2007100983421A CN101288384B (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2007-04-20 | Black shrimp intraspecific hybridization method |
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| CN2007100983421A CN101288384B (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2007-04-20 | Black shrimp intraspecific hybridization method |
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| CN101288384B CN101288384B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101836607A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-09-22 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for breeding macrobrachium nipponensis |
| CN106857348A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of protecting method of freshwater shrimp breeding |
| CN111838033A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-30 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for detackifying and hatching fertilized eggs of thamnaconus modestus |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103120134B (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-06-03 | 德清县吴越水产养殖有限公司 | Pollution-free freshwater shrimp cultivation method |
-
2007
- 2007-04-20 CN CN2007100983421A patent/CN101288384B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101836607A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-09-22 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for breeding macrobrachium nipponensis |
| CN106857348A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of protecting method of freshwater shrimp breeding |
| CN111838033A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-30 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for detackifying and hatching fertilized eggs of thamnaconus modestus |
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| CN101288384B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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Application publication date: 20081022 Assignee: Zhenjiang Shanshuiwan Eco-Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. Assignor: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Contract record no.: 2014320000083 Denomination of invention: Black shrimp intraspecific hybridization method Granted publication date: 20100908 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20140227 |
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