CN101270156B - 一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子及其编码基因与应用 - Google Patents
一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子及其编码基因与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子及其编码基因和应用。本发明公开的突变酿酒酵母起始转录因子的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2所示,其转化入酵母菌中可以提高酵母的木糖利用和葡萄糖、木糖共利用的效率。本发明还公开了该突变型酿酒酵母起始转录因子的基因序列,这些序列可用于构建利用木糖的重组载体。本发明所提供的突变酿酒酵母起始转录因子转化入酵母菌可用于酵母利用木糖产乙醇的生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,具体涉及一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10及其编码基因与应用。
背景技术
木质纤维素是世界上最为丰富的生物质资源,量最大、价最廉,每年的总产量约占所有生物质资源的50%,目前大多数此类的物质没有得到很好的利用。利用木质纤维素为主的可再生生物质资源,生产可再生能源具有重要的经济与社会意义。以生物质为原料制取的工业乙醇,作为一种清洁的可再生能源,是替代石油等化石燃料的必然趋势。传统的生物乙醇生产主要以粮食发酵为主,世界粮食紧缺现象严重限制了原料来源,原料成本居高不下,低成本的新原料路线是降低生物乙醇生产成本的关键。在传统的生物乙醇生产中,以葡萄糖为主的六碳糖易于被微生物发酵生成乙醇,然而占总糖量约40%的木糖却不易于被其利用。充分利用木质纤维素生产乙醇原料中的木糖发酵生产乙醇,能使乙醇的产量在原有基础上增加25%。木糖的有效利用是提高乙醇经济指标的重要内容,是生物质资源成功工业化转化的关键因素。
酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)是真核微生物,细胞壁厚、固醇含量高,对乙醇及木质纤维素水解物中毒性因子的耐受性较高;能在低pH、严格厌氧条件下快速发酵葡萄糖生产乙醇,副产物少;不易被细菌和病毒污染,且相关工业技术成熟,一直是乙醇发酵的研究重点和首选目标微生物。但缺乏有效利用木糖的能力。以木质纤维素为原料生产乙醇,其关键之一就是产生乙醇的微生物能有效利用各种糖作为碳源。在国外,早在上世纪八十年代初期,国际上许多实验室就已经开始从事其高效生产乙醇的研究。但是天然的酿酒酵母菌只能非常缓慢的代谢木糖,却不能有效发酵木糖。由于天然微生物的木糖发酵性能难以达到工业生产的要求,所以人们利用传统的菌种筛选方法通常经过大量的微生物培养、酶活测定及菌种驯化培养来选育所需菌种,由于工作量大、耗时长、效率低,近年来已转向利用代谢工程原理,通过分子遗传改造相关代谢途径来获得能在厌氧条件下高效代谢发酵葡萄糖、木糖及其他各种戊糖的工程菌。但以前的研究大部分没有得到十分理想的目标表型。我们认为这些单基因或几个基因的改造,某种的基因缺失或者扩增,只是改变了细胞的局部元件,或是重新设计调节了细胞网络代谢产物的平衡系统,并没有解决木糖代谢途径中的复杂问题。
基因表达调控是也成为生物学目前应用手段热点。全局转录机制调控工程(globetranscriptional mechanism engineering,gTME)是用分子生物学方法,如易错PCR、DNA改组等方法,建立通用转录因子的突变库,针对目的产品或目标表型,通过定向筛选,获得目的代谢流增强或特定表型增强的菌种,是按人们的设计获得目标表型的一种方法。
酿酒酵母具有木糖代谢的完整途径,但是却不能有效的发酵木糖产乙醇。我们解决这些问题模拟微生物适应外界环境的改变,在酵母菌木糖代谢途径的基因组层面上定向进化或同时改变多个相关基因群,使细胞在整体水平上适应木糖的代谢或利用,我们利用gTME技术通过基因工程方法改造全局转录调控因子使整个转录调控过程发生变化从而改变或提高基因组的转录及表达。从而获得了能够高效利用木糖并能够同时转运木糖和葡萄糖产乙醇的酿酒酵母。
全局转录调控工程(gTME)是一种基因转录重排来优化细胞表型的主要技术。正是通过基因工程方法改造全局转录调控因子SPT15,利用易错PCR技术构建该因子突变库,实现多基因的同时改变来调节整个的代谢网络。现在应用于提高酿酒酵母的乙醇耐受性和产量。基因表达过程是从DNA→mRNA→蛋白质。基因表达调控可以发生在遗传信息传递过程的各个水平上。已证明转录水平调控是基因表达调控中效率最高的一个环节。转录是由RNA聚合酶执行的,在原核细胞中只有一种RNA聚合酶,在真核生物有三种RNA聚合酶,其中RNA聚合酶II负责转录产生大部分功能基因(图1)的mRNA,RNA聚合酶II转录效率是由转录起始因子和启动子结合能力决定的(图2)。酿酒酵母中转录起始因子之一的SPT15,是一种TATA结合蛋白,参与转录起始复合物的形成,控制基因表达效率。它与相关基因启动子区域TATA结合能力的改变,影响相关基因表达效率,将引起菌种的表型变化,所以用分子生物学方法建立SPT15基因突变菌种库,在突变库中含有众多菌种表型,通过定向筛选SPT15基因突变菌种库,可获得具有目标表型的酿酒酵母菌种。本课题组在2007年成功地建立了该项技术,构建酿酒酵母转录因子spt15突变库,经筛选,获得了共发酵戊糖和己糖的酿酒酵母菌,得到了重组菌中spt15的突变序列。为进一步改造菌种有效利用纤维素水解液发酵高产乙醇研究奠定了基础。
利用全局调控技术对酿酒酵母菌进行转录机制工程改造,获得提高木糖利用后的突变spt15基因。并配合目标菌株具体分析,深入研究利用木糖的代谢调控网络及机制,找出全局调控对酿酒酵母木糖代谢的影响,希望通过全局调控的手段优化酿酒酵母木糖代谢网络,以实现最大效率的木糖利用,并为酿酒酵母高效利用木糖产乙醇奠定基础。从根本上降低生物乙醇的原料成本,这将对基因工程和代谢工程技术理论的发展带来重大的革新,实现重组菌株的工业应用也将有着不可估量的巨大推动作用和更广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种突变型的酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10及其基因序列。该突变的基因的重组菌株能够利用木糖,并提高木糖利用率和木糖葡萄糖共利用率。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述酿酒酵母转录因子在发酵木糖生产乙醇中的应用。
本发明的目的可以通过下列技术方案来实现:
一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2所示。该序列表示原酿酒酵母spt15氨基酸序列(即Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499 spt15基因所表达的氨基酸序列)的224位的苏氨酸残基被异亮氨酸残基取代。
一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子的编码基因,其核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1。该序列与原酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499 spt15的核苷酸序列相比,第224位由c突变为t,第465位的由c突变为t,且末尾缺了15个碱基。
含权利要求2所述的基因的表达载体。常用载体如质粒、噬菌体等。其中,所述表达载体优选重组质粒pYX212-SPT15。
一种宿主细胞,含有权利要求3所述的表达载体。宿主可选用细菌(如大肠杆菌)或酿酒酵母菌。其中,所述宿主细胞优选含有重组质粒pYX212-SPT15的酿酒酵母菌。
上述突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子在木糖发酵生产乙醇中的应用。
有益效果:本发明提供的突变酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10转化入酵母菌中可以提高酵母的木糖利用和葡萄糖、木糖共利用的效率。本发明还提供了该突变型酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10基因序列,这些序列可用于构建利用木糖的重组载体。本发明所提供的突变酿酒酵母起始转录因子spt15-10转化入酵母菌可用于酵母利用木糖产乙醇的生产。
附图说明
图1为阳性克隆酶PCR电泳图。
图2为spt15-10转化酿酒酵母在木糖培养基上生长情况(5%木糖)。
图3为spt15-10转化酿酒酵母对木糖和葡萄糖的共利用曲线图,其中1为2.5%(混合糖中的木糖);2为5%(混合糖中的木糖);3为7.5%(混合糖中的木糖);4为2.5%(混合糖中的葡萄糖);5为5%(混合糖中的葡萄糖);6为7.5%(混合糖中的葡萄糖)。
具体实施方式:
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,但不限制本发明。
实施例1:Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499-3突变spt15基因重组质粒的构建、筛选与鉴定。
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499-3)为本实验室获得,目前该酿酒酵母保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC),登记入册的编号是CGMCCNo.2255,保藏日期是:2007年11月13日。为亮氨酸、组氨酸、尿嘧啶缺陷型。载体pYX212受赠于江南大学。
酵母粉10g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,木糖50g/L,将pH调至7.0,高压蒸气灭菌121℃,15min。将S.cerevisiae YPH499-3接种于上述培养基中,置30℃摇床,200rpm,培养12-16小时。8000rpm,离心15min,收集菌体。
运用基因组提取试剂盒(上海华舜生物工程有限公司),提取S.cerevisiae YPH499-3基因组。以S.cerevisiae YPH499-3总DNA为模板,使用如下PCR引物(上海博亚公司合成):
引物SPT15_Sense:TCGAGTGCTAGCAAAATGGCCGATGAGGAACGTTTAAAGG(SEQ ID No.2)和SPT15_Anti:CTAGCGGTCGACTCACATTTTTCTAAATTCACTTAGCACA(SEQ ID No.3)。
PCR扩增酿酒酵母起始转录因子。PCR循环参数为:94℃,5min;94℃,1min;56℃,1min;72℃,2min,共进行35个循环。
用DNA回收试剂盒(Takara公司)对扩增出的基因进行回收纯化。回收后突变基因spt15及PMD18-T(Takara公司)载体连接,运用常规基因工程技术将连接液转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,提取质粒。运用SalI和BamHI双酶切鉴定突变基因spt15确定连接到表达载体pMD18-T上。经鉴定过的重组质粒为pMD18-SPT15。金思特测序得到突变的spt15-10基因。
实施例2:突变的spt15基因转化入酿酒酵母的验证
引物同上,以实施例1中的pMD18-SPT15质粒为模板进行PCR,将氨基酸残基Thr224突变为Asn224。制备pYX212-T载体,与spt15-10连接利用醋酸锂法转化入酿酒酵母。运用常规基因工程技术对转化后的感受态细胞YPX培养基进行培养,得到含有突变基因的重组酿酒酵母。
得到的重组酵母菌株可以在YPX上很好的生长,而对照菌株不能生长。
实施例3:带有spt15-10的重组酿酒酵母木糖利用
种子培养基:酵母粉10g,蛋白胨20g,葡萄糖20g,去离子水定容至1L。
发酵培养基:酵母粉10g,蛋白胨20g,木糖25g,葡萄糖25g,去离子水定容至1L。
从新鲜斜面上接一环由实施例2得到的重组酿酒酵母接入装有种子培养基的锥形瓶中,在30℃,200rpm的摇床(太仓市实验设备厂)中培养24h后,以1%接种量(v/v)接入装有发酵培养基的锥形瓶中,在30℃,200rpm的摇床中培养,发酵72h,所得木糖的利用率为91%,葡萄糖的利用率为85%,乙醇产率为10%。
实施例4:带有spt15-10的酿酒酵母对木糖和葡萄糖的共利用
种子培养基:酵母粉10g,蛋白胨20g,葡萄糖20g,去离子水定容至1L。
发酵培养基:酵母粉10g,蛋白胨20g,木糖25g,葡萄糖25g,去离子水定容至1L。从新鲜斜面上接一环由实施例1得到的酿酒酵母YPH499-3,CGMCC No.2255接入装有种子培养基的锥形瓶中,在30℃,200rpm的摇床(太仓市实验设备厂)中培养24h后,以1%接种量(v/v)接入装有发酵培养基的锥形瓶中,在30℃,200rpm的摇床中培养,发酵72h,所得木糖的利用率为91%,葡萄糖的利用率为85%,乙醇产率为10%。
序列表
Claims (2)
1.一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2所示。
2.一种突变的酿酒酵母起始转录因子的编码基因,其核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1所示。
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