CN101267730B - 包括多层管壁的灌溉管 - Google Patents

包括多层管壁的灌溉管 Download PDF

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CN101267730B
CN101267730B CN2006800326616A CN200680032661A CN101267730B CN 101267730 B CN101267730 B CN 101267730B CN 2006800326616 A CN2006800326616 A CN 2006800326616A CN 200680032661 A CN200680032661 A CN 200680032661A CN 101267730 B CN101267730 B CN 101267730B
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hole
irrigation pipe
pipe
connector
layer
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CN101267730A (zh
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阿贝·马萨瓦
阿维·施魏策尔
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Netafim Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
    • B05B1/202—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor comprising inserted outlet elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/08—Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of the wall or to the axis of another pipe
    • F16L41/14—Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of the wall or to the axis of another pipe by screwing an intermediate part against the inside or outside of the wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/747—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using other than mechanical means
    • B29C65/7473—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using other than mechanical means using radiation, e.g. laser, for simultaneously welding and severing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B29C66/4742—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat said single elements being spouts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B29C66/4742—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat said single elements being spouts
    • B29C66/47421—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat said single elements being spouts said spouts comprising flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53241—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles
    • B29C66/53242—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to tubes
    • B29C66/53243—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to tubes said spouts comprising flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7292—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294—Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • B29C66/72941—Non woven mats, e.g. felt coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • B29L2031/7004—Agricultural usage or equipment for plants or flowers

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种具有孔的灌溉管(12)。该管至少在每个孔的区域内是多层的。所述管(12)的至少顶层(152a)和底层(152b)由斥水材料制成，且所述管(12)的内层(154)由渗透材料制成。所述孔由所述管壁的切割表面限定。所述切割表面包括至少覆盖所述内层(154)的密封件。每层(152a、152b、154)可结合到相邻的层上。

Description

包括多层管壁的灌溉管
技术领域
本发明涉及灌溉管，具体涉及用于组装分支灌溉网络的管。
背景技术
例如在滴灌和漫灌系统中，现代的灌溉通常采用大型管网。灌溉网络包括主供水管以及布置和组装在田地上的灌溉支管。支管的组装通常是通过专门设计的横向连接器进行的，并涉及到相当大的劳动力成本，但是还未必总能防止泄漏。
例如，公报WO 02/066881和JP08318177公开了用于将小直径的横向出口安装到大直径的、柔性、可卷起、可塌缩的壁上的连接器。这些连接器包括具有扩张端和外螺纹的管状件，以及相匹配的螺母。在田地里，在其壁上的理想位置处将管壁打孔。然后将连接器的扩张端插入壁开口中，该开口弹性扩展并在扩张端上方将连接器卡住。通过将螺母紧固到该扩张端而将连接器固定到管上。
在本申请中，术语“可卷起的管”是指管的柔性足以使其卷绕到卷轴上以用于诸如包装、运输、存放、销售等等的任何目的。用语“可塌缩的管”是指管子被排空时会塌缩，例如为扁平管。可卷起的管子可以是可塌缩的，也可以不是可塌缩的。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种具有孔的灌溉管。该管至少在每个孔的区域内是多层的。所述管的至少顶层和底层由斥水材料制成，且所述管的内层由渗透材料制成。所述孔由所述管壁的切割表面限定。所述切割表面包括密封件，其至少覆盖所述内层。每层可结合到相邻的层上。
根据一个实施方式，所述管包括管连接器，该管连接器具有位于其侧壁周围的周向凹槽。所述凹槽形成为提供所述灌溉管壁的邻近其中的孔的一部分的紧配合。所述管连接器构成所述密封件。所述管连接器可模制在所述管上。
根据另一实施方式，所述顶层和底层由可熔化的材料制成。所述孔由热冲孔(heated-punching)技术形成，这使得所述顶层或底层中的至少一个的一些材料形成所述密封件。所述热冲孔可通过激光进行。所述激光的功率可在10-200W的范围内，切割速度可在3-20mm/s的范围内，频率可在1-10Hz的范围内。所述孔由1-30个激光循环形成。可选的是，所述热冲孔可通过热冲头(hot-punch)或超声波冲头(ultrasonic punch)进行。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种在灌溉管壁中形成孔的方法。所述管壁是多层的，并至少具有由斥水材料制成的顶层和底层，且内层由渗透材料制成，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)在所述管壁内形成所述孔，该孔由所述管壁的切割表面限定；以及
(b)至少在所述内层的区域内密封所述切割表面。
所述管壁的每层可结合到相邻的层上。
根据一个实施方式，所述管包括管连接器，该管连接器具有位于其侧壁周围的周向凹槽。所述凹槽形成为提供所述灌溉管的邻近其中的孔的一部分的紧密装配。所述管连接器构成所述密封件。所述管连接器可模制在所述灌溉管上。
根据另一实施方式，所述顶层和底层由可熔化的材料制成。所述孔由热冲孔技术形成，这使得所述顶层或顶层中的至少一个的一些材料形成所述密封件。所述热冲孔可通过激光进行。所述激光的功率可在10-200W的范围内，切割速度可在3-20mm/s的范围内，频率可在1-10Hz的范围内。所述孔可通过1-30个激光循环形成。可选的是，所述热冲孔可通过热冲头或超声波冲头进行。
附图说明
为了理解本发明并明了其在实际中是如何实现的，现在将参照附图仅仅以非限定实施例的方式描述一些实施方式，附图中：
图1为本发明的灌溉管的立体图，该灌溉管具有一体式的连接器元件、以及支管连接器；
图2为卷绕在卷轴上的具有一体式连接器的可塌缩灌溉管的视图；
图3为灌溉管中的内部装配的带螺纹的连接器元件、以及横向支管连接器的剖面图；
图4A为外部装配的带螺纹的连接器的剖面图；
图4B为从两侧装配到灌溉管上的连接器元件的剖面图；
图4C为具有螺纹关闭件的带螺纹的连接器元件的剖面图；
图4D为由灌溉管壁的材料形成的带螺纹的连接器元件的剖面图；
图5为具有外螺纹的连接器元件以及相匹配的具有内螺纹的横向连接器的剖面图；
图6为装配到灌溉管上并适于与自攻横向连接器组装的连接器元件的剖面图；
图7为具有锥形(圆锥形)内腔的连接器元件的剖面图，该内腔适于与相匹配的锥形横向连接器摩擦组装；
图8为构成卡扣锁合的一体式连接器元件和横向连接器的剖面图；
图9为初始被管壁关闭的装配在内部的连接器元件以及具有切割齿的横向连接器的剖面图；
图10为装配在灌溉管的两层之间的连接器元件的剖面图；
图11为初始被一体式带凹槽的盖关闭的连接器元件的剖面图；
图12为准备好进行钻孔的本发明灌溉管的剖视立体图，其具有第二类型的一体式连接器元件；
图13为装配在灌溉管的纵向重叠接缝内的第二类型的一体式连接器元件的剖视立体图；
图14为具有装配在螺旋接缝内的第二类型连接器元件的螺旋焊接灌溉管的立体图；
图15示出了具有一体式连接器的可卷起管的生产方案；
图16A、16B和16C示出了根据本发明的具有保护带的可卷起管的焊接的过程；
图17为管壁的剖面侧视图；
图18为根据本发明一个实施方式的图17所示的管壁位于切割位置处的剖面侧视图；
图19为根据本发明一方面的连接器的剖面侧视图；以及
图20为可用来生产图19所示的连接器的模具的剖面侧视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1、图2和图3，本发明的灌溉管10包括管12和在制造过程中装配到管壁上的一体式管连接器14。管连接器14适于与用于支管18的横向连接器16组装。管10可卷绕到卷轴20上，如在图2中所示的可塌缩管(扁平管)的实施例中的那样。
图3、图4A、图4B和图10示出了装配在以下位置的一体式连接器：
·图3中的连接器14，其邻接管12的内表面；
·图4A中的连接器22，其邻接管12的外表面；
·图4B中的连接器24，其包围管12的内外表面部分；以及
·图10中的连接器26，其嵌在管28的壁内，位于形成管壁的两个层30和32之间。
如图4D所示，一体式连接器36可以由管壁38的材料形成。
如从图3至图8可看到的，可在制造过程中将灌溉管12的壁打孔，并保持敞开，使得管连接器呈敞开式装配，并可用于与横向连接器组装。在此情况下，管连接器14、22、24、36可设有盖40来关闭在田地中不会使用的连接器。这些盖保持管在操作压力下的流体密封性。
可选的是，如图9、图10和图11所示，管连接器可具有一体的关闭件，以保持管在操作压力下的流体密封性。这样的管连接器可用于在取下该关闭件后进行组装，该关闭件可以是壁的材料、连接器的材料，或者是壁和连接器二者的材料。
具体而言，图9和图10分别示出了被管壁12的一部分44所关闭的一体式管连接器42和26。可通过合适的工具(例如参见图12，在图12中这种工具用于另一类型的连接器)在组装前切除该部分44。可选的是，横向连接器46可形成有切割齿48。在横向连接器46形成有切割齿48的情况下，管连接器42可能需要更高的轮廓来在组装后安全地容纳齿48。
图11示出了由与关闭件52呈整体的材料制成的一体式管连接器50。关闭件52可形成有便于将其取下的装置，例如用于支撑旋转切割工具顶部的环形凹槽54和引导凹部56。
图3和图5至图8示出了将一体式管连接器组装到横向连接器上的一些可能的装置。图3示出了具有内螺纹58的管连接器14以及具有相匹配的外螺纹60的横向连接器16。如图5所示，管连接器62可制成有外螺纹64，而横向连接器66可具有内螺纹68。图6示出了具有由相对柔软的材料制成的光滑内腔72的管连接器70，而横向连接器74制成为有由相对坚硬的材料制成的带螺纹的喷嘴76，这样喷嘴76可自攻到内腔72中。图7示出了具有锥形(圆锥形)内腔80的管连接器78，以及具有锥形喷嘴84的相匹配的横向连接器82。连接器的锥度角和材料选择为可在组装后通过摩擦提供可靠的抓紧。图8示出了作为通过突耳90和L形沟槽92进行卡扣锁合的相匹配部件形成的一体式管连接器86以及横向连接器88。
如图17所示，管12的壁可包括若干层。由152a和152b表示的顶层和底层(它们分别构成管的外表面和内表面)由斥水材料制成。这些材料可以是聚合物(例如PE、PP、PVC和TPE)、弹性体或共聚物。设置有内层154，其由诸如纺织品、编织织物或无纺织物的渗透材料、或双向或高刚度聚合物制成。可意识到，可以存在其他的层，而且每一层都可包括由类似或不同的材料制成的亚层。
根据本发明的另一方面，在图17所示的管中形成孔，以使得内层154被密封。这样做是为了防止水被其吸收。根据一个实施方式，顶层152a和底层152b的材料是可熔化的。孔是通过加热冲孔技术(例如热冲孔)、超声波冲孔或通过使用激光而形成的。通过利用这些技术中的一项技术，如图18所示，顶层152a和底层152b中的至少一层的一些材料将熔化，并至少在内层154的区域中覆盖管12的切割表面156。熔化的材料凝固而形成密封158。
在使用激光时，功率应优选在10-200W的范围内，切割速度优选在3-20mm/s的范围内，而且频率优选在1-10Hz的范围内。而且，可采用1至30次激光操作完全形成所述孔。具体而言，在实验中通过利用功率为50W、速度为10mm/s、频率为5Hz的激光进行两次操作形成了如上所述的孔。
根据另一实施方式，通过利用密封了管12的切割表面156的连接器160来进行密封。这样的连接器如图19所示，其包括形成为将管壁紧密装配在其内的周向凹槽162。在靠近孔的管壁装配于其内时，连接器本身构密封件。连接器可预制而成并与管装配在一起，或者如图20所示可采用大体上由在164处示出的模具来直接在管上形成连接器160。
根据图12至图14示出的本发明的另一方面，灌溉管100包括柔性管102和延伸的连接器元件104，该连接器元件在制造过程中一体地装配到管的壁上。延伸的连接器元件104具有足够的尺寸，从而能形成多个内腔106，且横向连接器能在制造后附装到所需的位置。如图13所示，可沿着灌溉管100装配由合适材料制成的带子108，作为连续的一体式管连接器。这样的带子特别适于装配在重叠接缝中，如图14所示的螺旋焊接管110或如图13所示的直缝管100。
可通过诸如图12中的工具112的旋转工具对一体式连接器元件104或108进行钻孔，以与诸如图6中74的自攻横向连接器组装，或者与诸如图7中的通过摩擦保持的锥形横向连接器82组装。
参照图15，其示出了根据本发明的又一方面的具有一体式连接器14的可卷起的聚合物管10的示例性生产方案。该生产是在运输线111上进行的，该运输线包括：供给卷轴113，其用于供给条形原材料114；条累积器116；连接器装配部分120；成管设备121；拉动器122；压印及监控站124；管累积器126；以及用于管子10的接收卷轴20。
连接器装配部分120包括连接器供料器130、筒式容器132、供给柱塞(feeding plunger)134、滑槽136、焊接设备单元138、拉动单元140以及可选的打孔装置142。
在运输器的运行中，片状聚合物原材料首先被切割成预订宽度的条114，并卷绕到供给卷轴113上(该过程是在卷轴113被加载到线路111上前进行的)。条114被供给到累积器116，并进一步被供给到连接器装配部分120。
在连接器装配部分120中，连接器供料器130将管连接器14加载到筒形容纳器132中，并把它们布置在预定的方向。筒形容器132以预定的时间间隔步进旋转，而供给柱塞134周期性地向滑槽136向下推动连接器14。连接器被导向焊接单元138。
原料条114也被导向焊接单元138，连接器14定位在扁平条114上，并进行超声波焊接或RF(微波)焊接。通过拉动单元140拉动条114。可根据如连接器的结构在焊接之前或之后在冲孔装置142内在连接器的开口处对条114进行可选地冲孔。
然后将焊接了连接器14的条114供给到成管设备121。在该处，条被弯曲(扭曲)为套管，其中边缘并置，或边界重合在一起，并通过水密焊合对边缘或边界进行焊接成具有闭合截面的管。连接器可按照需要而保留在管的外侧或内侧。可用与连接器相同或不同的方法焊接管10。
拉动器122拉动备好的管10，在压印和监控站124处检查并压印该管10，并通过累积器126将该管10卷绕到接收卷轴20上。
参照图16A、16B和16C，其示出了根据本发明的具有保护带的可卷起或可塌缩的管的生产过程。在聚合物条114(与上述相同的条)被供给到成管设备121内之前，将两条窄的保护带132和134焊接到条的边缘上(图16A中以剖面图示出，其中每个带和条之间的焊接区域136被放大)。在成管设备121中，条被弯曲(扭转)为具有重合边界的套筒，如图16B所示，并且将该套筒焊接为管(也放大示出重合的焊接区域140)。如图16C所示，形成了紧密的接缝142，在该接缝142处，切割边缘138被保护带132和134紧密地覆盖。
用于制造管的聚合物条114通常具有包括聚合物膜或织物以及各种层压和涂层的分层结构。保护带的功能是防止灌溉水从切割边缘138渗透到这些层之间从而削弱管。所述保护带优选为薄的聚合物带。
带和条边缘的焊接优选是通过热空气且不使用附加粘合剂进行的。应意识到，可通过其他公知的技术，例如通过使用粘合剂、RF焊接等等来进行焊接或结合。由于更重要的是保护内边缘，因此可省掉外部带132。
尽管已经对具体的实施方式和方法进行了描述，但是可想到，在不偏离本发明范围的情况下可作出多种改变。例如，一体式的连接器可沿着管布置成两排，或者可装配有如同液体袋中的盖子那样的可撕裂盖子。可通过冲压、热压(press-heating)或其他方法进行一体式连接器的装配。可在装配连接器等之前对管进行冲孔。在形成封闭管之前装配到条上的方法可用来附装诸如滴灌喷射器或喷洒器(喷嘴)的其他灌溉元件。生产方案可包括将装配有灌溉元件的条作为半成品卷到一条生产线上的卷轴内(例如，在元件焊接之后)，而在另一条生产线上的成管设备上形成管。
本发明相关领域内的技术人员将容易地意识到，不偏离已修正的本发明范围，可以作出多种改变、变化和修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种具有孔的灌溉管，该管至少在每个孔的区域内是多层的，至少其顶层和底层由斥水材料制成，且其内层由渗透材料制成，所述孔由所述管壁的切割表面限定，所述管壁的所述切割表面包括至少覆盖所述内层的密封件，
该灌溉管包括管连接器，该管连接器具有位于其侧壁周围的周向凹槽，所述凹槽形成为提供所述灌溉管壁的相邻于其中的孔的一部分的紧配合，所述管连接器构成所述密封件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灌溉管，其中，每层结合到相邻的层上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的灌溉管，其中，所述管连接器模制在所述灌溉管上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的灌溉管，所述顶层和底层由可熔化的材料制成，其中所述孔由热冲孔技术形成，这使得所述顶层或底层中的至少一个的一些材料形成所述密封件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的灌溉管，其中，所述热冲孔是通过激光进行的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的灌溉管，其中，所述激光的功率在10-200W的范围内，切割速度在3-20mm/s的范围内，频率在1-10Hz的范围内，且所述孔由1-30次激光循环形成。
7.根据权利要求4中所述的灌溉管，其中，所述热冲孔是通过热冲头或超声波冲头进行的。
8.一种在灌溉管壁中形成孔的方法，所述管壁是多层的，并至少具有由斥水材料制成的顶层和底层，且其内层由渗透材料制成，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)在所述管壁中形成所述孔，该孔由所述管壁的切割表面限定；以及
(b)至少在所述内层的区域内密封所述切割表面，其中，所述密封是通过为管连接器提供位于其侧壁周围的周向凹槽而实现的，所述凹槽形成为提供所述管壁的邻近其中的孔的一部分的紧配合，所述管连接器构成所述密封的密封件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，每层结合到相邻的层上。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述管连接器模制在所述灌溉管上。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述顶层和底层由可熔化的材料制成，其中所述孔由热冲孔技术形成，这使得所述顶层或顶层中的至少一个的一些材料形成所述密封件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述热冲孔是通过激光进行的。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述激光的功率在10-200W的范围内，切割速度在3-20mm/s的范围内，频率在1-10Hz的范围内，且所述孔由1-30次激光循环形成。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述热冲孔是通过热冲头或超声波冲头进行的。
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CN101267730A (zh) 2008-09-17
EP1921912A1 (en) 2008-05-21
RU2008111914A (ru) 2009-10-20
ZA200801335B (en) 2009-04-29
WO2007029234A1 (en) 2007-03-15
US8672240B2 (en) 2014-03-18
US20060103131A1 (en) 2006-05-18
AU2006288699A1 (en) 2007-03-15
BRPI0614431B1 (pt) 2015-07-07
BRPI0614431A2 (pt) 2012-11-27
RU2417579C2 (ru) 2011-05-10

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