CN101233044A - 潜水服 - Google Patents

潜水服 Download PDF

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CN101233044A
CN101233044A CNA2006800275309A CN200680027530A CN101233044A CN 101233044 A CN101233044 A CN 101233044A CN A2006800275309 A CNA2006800275309 A CN A2006800275309A CN 200680027530 A CN200680027530 A CN 200680027530A CN 101233044 A CN101233044 A CN 101233044A
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elastomeric material
diving suit
material contains
hnbr
clothes
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CN101233044B (zh
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K·然登马克
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Trelleborg Protective Products AB
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Abstract

公开了一种由含有HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)的橡胶材料制成的潜水服，以及生产所述潜水服的方法，和用于被污染的水中的潜水服的橡胶材料中的HNBR的用途。

Description

潜水服
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由含有HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶(hydrogenatednitrile butadiene rubber))的橡胶材料制成的潜水服，一种用于生产该潜水服的方法，以及用于被污染的水中的潜水服的橡胶材料中的HNBR的用途。
背景技术
目前适用于被污染的水中的潜水服由天然橡胶和乙丙二烯单体(ethylene propylene diene monomer)(EPDM)制成。例如，市售的橡胶服为由天然橡胶和EPDM混合制成的衣服。在生产过程中，橡胶首先被涂敷在聚酯衬里上。该衣服被缝制在一起，然后用橡胶带覆盖接缝并将所得到的整件衣服交联。该交联工序导致衣服在橡胶涂敷的织物和橡胶带之间具有化学键。这意味着该衣服全部是连续的橡胶材料。在接缝中没有胶。交联的橡胶服通常完全由橡胶材料和1000-1500g/m2针织物制成，在高度磨损区域具有额外的橡胶材料。
已知用于被污染的水中的潜水服要达到严格的要求。这些衣服提供了抵抗寒冷、化学和生物危害性的保护，还赋予了抗机械的保护。交联橡胶防水服(dry suit)被EPA(美国环保署)、NOAA(美国国家海洋和大气局)、TRI(纺织研究所)和美国海军推荐用于被污染的水中。
为了实现适当的保护，在被污染的水中潜水时可能使用普通潜水服结合化学防护服和输送管带(duct tape)。然而，这是不理想的。在潜水时，移动的灵活性和自由度非常重要。然而灵活性受使用两件衣服的约束。
其它用于被污染的水的衣服是由叠层塑料例如三层层叠的制成的衣服。然而这些衣服比较不适合于潜水，因为其材料不够柔软和可拉伸，因此妨碍移动。此外，三层层叠衣服的材料和接缝具有泄漏的特性。水能渗透材料和接缝。在接缝中，水能渗透穿过露出的线。潜水结束时，你会在衣服内侧上发现湿气和水滴。另一问题是要处理污物，这是非常难或者甚至不可能的，因为污染物会被聚酰胺织物捕获。如果污染物被聚酰胺织物捕获，它们将损坏在中间的丁基橡胶层。残留的污染物对于在潜水之后处理衣服的人构成了可能的危险。类似油和油脂的物质会留下不能除去的斑点或污渍。
有时用于潜水服的其它材料为Neoprene。然而，氯丁橡胶(neoprene)衣服不能去污，在被污染的水中潜水时会形成几个问题。污染物被氯丁橡胶捕获并且能被在作业后处理衣服的人员吸收。被捕获的污染物也会损坏材料，显著降低其使用寿命。诸如油这类物质会产生不能除去的斑点和污渍。
用于潜水服橡胶材料中的另一材料为天然橡胶和EPDM的混合物以及氯丁二烯橡胶材料。
现有技术中已知的用于潜水服的橡胶材料不能在显示出良好的渗透抵抗性，以及对于磨损和刺穿的机械抵抗性的同时，仍具有良好的柔软性。
因此，希望生产一种潜水服，为了该衣服在被污染的水中的使用，其显示出良好的化学抵抗性，对于磨损和刺穿的良好的机械抵抗性，并且仍然是柔软和可拉伸的，而且能保持使用者干燥。该衣服还必须能去污。
发明内容
以上说明过的关于潜水服不能在具有良好的化学抵抗性的同时具有良好的柔软性和良好的机械损害抵抗性的问题用本发明的潜水服能够解决。
本发明涉及一种橡胶材料潜水服，其中所述橡胶材料含有HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)。所述保护材料含有具有良好化学抵抗性的HNBR。而且，所述材料显示出良好的机械损害抵抗性，良好的抗刺穿性和良好的抗磨损性，同时是非常柔软的。
此外，本发明涉及一种生产具有以上说明过的特性的潜水服的方法，其中含有HNBR的橡胶材料被压延、切成衣服片，所述衣服由接缝缝制在一起，用橡胶带覆盖衣服的接缝，并使所得到的整件衣服交联。
本发明还涉及用于被污染的水中的潜水服的橡胶材料中HNBR的用途。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于被污染的水中的潜水服的保护性橡胶材料。被污染的水这一措辞通常表示含有对于环境、动物或人有危险性的组分的水溶液，但也可以表示其它介质或液体。
所述橡胶材料显示出良好的化学、磨损和刺穿抵抗性，这是用于被污染的水中的潜水服所需的。此外，该材料赋予潜水服良好的柔软性。提高的抵抗性表明，该材料的更薄的片能用于与现有技术的衣服相较而言具有得到保持的抵抗性的衣服的制造。
根据本发明的潜水服的橡胶材料是基于HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)的橡胶材料。HNBR由NBR即丁腈丁二烯橡胶(nitrile butadienerubber)氢化来生产。HNBR橡胶的基本结构，即聚合物提供如下，其中x＞0 y＞0，z＞0且x＞z。
Figure S2006800275309D00031
用于本发明的橡胶材料可以包括根据以上通式的具有不同的x、y和z值的HNBR的混合物。此外，其具有同样或基本相同特性的改性物、变体和衍生物都可以使用。
用于本发明的橡胶材料除了HNBR聚合物之外还含有不同的组分，例如填料、增塑剂和固化剂。这里规定的所有重量百分比(w/w)是基于相对于包括HNBR的橡胶材料的全部重量的组分的重量的。
在一个优选实施方式中，橡胶材料含有40～70％的HNBR。45、50、55、60、65％(w/w)的HNBR含量也常常用于本发明的潜水服中。
在另一个优选实施方式中，橡胶材料含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR和5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料。
在另一个优选实施方式中，根据本发明的橡胶材料含有5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂。
还是在一个优选实施方式中，根据本发明的橡胶材料含有2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂。
常规的填料、增塑剂和固化剂能用于本发明中。在本发明潜水服的橡胶材料中的填料的一个例子为碳黑。
根据本发明的潜水服中含有的橡胶材料，能根据现在用于橡胶材料生产的常规技术来生产。
在一个优选实施方式中，潜水服包括含有聚酯的内层织物。
在另一个优选实施方式中，潜水服在鞋部、肩部、胯部、肘部、膝部和/或腿部包括加强件。这是要更好地抵挡装备在一些比较露出来的区域上的磨损和破缝。
现今的潜水业不用丁腈橡胶制造潜水服。因为丁腈橡胶这种材料的恶劣天气抵抗性不适合潜水服。然而，用于本发明且含有氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶的橡胶材料显示出良好的天气抵抗性，且因此作为潜水服材料是有效且适合的。
根据本发明的潜水服用几个步骤来生产。将含有HNBR的橡胶材料压延、切成衣服片，所述衣服由接缝缝制在一起，用橡胶带覆盖衣服的接缝，并使所得到的整件衣服交联。
在根据本发明的潜水服生产方法的一个优选实施方式中，橡胶材料含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR、5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料、5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂和2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂。
在潜水服生产方法的另一个优选实施方式中，橡胶材料与含有聚酯的内层织物在衣服被缝制在一起之前先结合到一起。
在潜水服生产方法的一个优选实施方式中，潜水服在鞋部、肩部、胯部、肘部、膝部和/或腿部被强化。
本发明还涉及用于被污染的水中的潜水服的橡胶材料中的HNBR的用途。
这里也同样地，一个优选实施方式是使用含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR、5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料、5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂和2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂的橡胶材料。碳黑是用于潜水服生产方法中的橡胶材料的填料的例子。
实施例
渗透性和刺穿试验
进行关于三种不同材料的渗透性和刺穿试验。材料1是具有天然橡胶和乙丙二烯单体(EPDM)混合物的材料，材料2是氯丁二烯橡胶材料。两种材料均是现今市售潜水服所用的材料。材料3是根据本发明的即含有HNBR的材料。
根据欧洲标准EN374-3：2003进行渗透性试验。下面的表1显示渗透性试验结果。在材料上试验不同的化学品。表1以分钟显示，对于N-己烷、甲苯、JP4和JP8(均为喷射燃料(jet fuel))、液体B、C和F(参见以下的不同定义)以及H2SO4(65％)，从试验开始到开始穿透材料的时间，即穿透时间。
液体B是模拟低辛烷动力汽油的液体。(70/30异辛烷/甲苯)
液体C是模拟高辛烷动力汽油的液体。(50/50异辛烷/甲苯)
液体F是模拟柴油机燃料和轻取暖用油的液体。(80/20石蜡油/甲基萘)
当分析仪器判断出1.0μg/cm2/min的渗透率时，认为穿透时间已经出现。
材料1、2和3每m2具有不同的重量。材料1和3每m2的重量为1000～1100g/m2，而材料2的重量为1500～1600g/m2。穿透时间当然取决于材料重量。越重的材料得到越高的穿透时间。出于总体正确比较的考虑，试验应该在材料2与材料1和3每m2具有相同重量的条件下进行。换言之，如果渗透试验在材料2与材料1和3每m2具有相同重量的条件下进行，表1所示的材料2的穿透时间的结果应该更低。
表1显示，材料3，根据本发明的橡胶材料，对于除了液体F和H2SO4(65％)之外所有被试验的化学品而言，具有比材料1和2更高的穿透时间，其中对于液体F和H2SO4(65％)的结果是材料3的与材料1和2的一样高。对于被试验的化学品中的某些而言，区别是惊人地高的。一个例子是对于JP4和JP8而言，材料1的穿透时间分别为47和40分钟，对于材料2分别为75和160分钟，但是对于根据本发明的材料，材料3，对于两种燃料均高至超过480分钟。与材料2相比较，还应该记得材料2每m2的重量显著高于材料3。
表1.根据EN374-3：2003的渗透试验，穿透时间以分钟计
  材料1(1000～1100)g/m2   材料2(1500～1600)g/m2   材料3(1000～1100)g/m2
 N-己烷     10min     42mm     250min
 甲苯     12min     19min     38min
 JP4，喷射燃料     47min     75min     ＞480min
 JP8，喷射燃料     40min     160min     ＞480min
 液体B     12min     35min     122min
 液体C     10min     31min     74min
 液体F     ＞480min     ＞480min     ＞480min
 H2SO4(65％)     ＞480min     ＞480min     ＞480min
根据EN863：1995进行关于材料1、2和3的刺穿试验。用于刺穿的以牛顿(N)计的力的结果如以下表2所示。根据本发明的材料，材料3显示出最高的刺穿抵抗性。即使在材料的每m2重量相当重要的情况下，即橡胶材料每m2更高的重量会导致更高的刺穿抵抗性。换言之，如果刺穿试验在材料2与材料1和3每m2具有相同重量的条件下进行，材料2的结果应该更低。
表2.根据EN863：1995的刺穿试验
    材料1(1000～1100)g/m2     材料2(1500～1600)g/m2     材料3(1000～1100)g/m2
刺穿抵抗性(N)     60～64N     65N     69N
结论
根据本发明的含有HNBR的橡胶材料是柔软的，且显示出良好的化学、磨损和撕裂抵抗性。与其它被试验的材料相较，材料1是天然橡胶和乙丙二烯单体(EPDM)混合物的材料，材料2是氯丁二烯橡胶材料，根据本发明的橡胶材料具有惊人地好的化学抵抗性和更高的刺穿抵抗性。柔软的、具有良好的机械抵抗性并且还显示出良好的化学抵抗性这些惊人良好的特性，使得本发明的橡胶材料非常适合作为用于被污染的水的潜水服的橡胶材料。

Claims (25)

1.一种橡胶材料制成的潜水服，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的潜水服，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的潜水服，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的潜水服，其特征在于，所述至少一种填料为碳黑。
5.根据权利要求1～4所述的潜水服，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的潜水服，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的潜水服，其特征在于，1000～1100g/m2的橡胶材料具有超过64N的刺穿抵抗性。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的潜水服，其特征在于，其含有内层织物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的潜水服，其特征在于，内层织物含有聚酯。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的潜水服，其特征在于，潜水服在鞋部、肩部、胯部、肘部、膝部和/或腿部有加强件。
11.一种生产潜水服的方法，其特征在于，将含有HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)的橡胶材料压延，切成衣服片，所述衣服由接缝缝制在一起，用橡胶带覆盖衣服的接缝，并将所得到的整件衣服交联。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于橡胶材料含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，其特征在于，橡胶材料含有5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一种填料为碳黑。
15.根据权利要求11～14所述的方法，其特征在于，橡胶材料含有5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂。
16.根据权利要求11～15所述的方法，其特征在于，橡胶材料含有2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂。
17.根据权利要求11～16所述的方法，其特征在于，在衣服被缝制到一起之前先将橡胶材料与内层织物结合到一起。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，内层织物含有聚酯。
19.根据权利要求11～18所述的方法，其特征在于，橡胶材料在鞋部、肩部、胯部、肘部、膝部和/或腿部被加强。
20.用于被污染的水中的潜水服的橡胶材料中的HNBR(氢化丁腈丁二烯橡胶)的用途。
21.如权利要求20所述的用途，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有40～70％(w/w)的HNBR。
22.根据权利要求20或21所述的用途，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有5～60％(w/w)的至少一种填料。
23.根据权利要求22所述的用途，其特征在于，所述至少一种填料为碳黑。
24.根据权利要求20～23所述的用途，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有5～30％(w/w)的至少一种增塑剂。
25.根据权利要求20～24所述的用途，其特征在于，所述橡胶材料含有2～10％(w/w)的至少一种固化剂。
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