CN101228326A - 冲击声音绝缘两层面板 - Google Patents

冲击声音绝缘两层面板 Download PDF

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CN101228326A
CN101228326A CNA2005800510094A CN200580051009A CN101228326A CN 101228326 A CN101228326 A CN 101228326A CN A2005800510094 A CNA2005800510094 A CN A2005800510094A CN 200580051009 A CN200580051009 A CN 200580051009A CN 101228326 A CN101228326 A CN 101228326A
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迪特尔·德林
克罗斯蒂安·莱奥波德
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Kronospan Technical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及包括两个不同的冲击声音衰减层5,6的楼板覆盖件。

Description

冲击声音绝缘两层面板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种面板,尤其涉及一种具有针对广泛使用在房屋和公寓中的楼板覆盖件吸收脚步声或改善脚步声的层的刚性面板,并涉及制造这种面板的方法。由具有吸声层的刚性面板构成的楼板覆盖件可从文献WO01/09461 A1获知。
背景技术
刚性楼板覆盖件可由基于木材,基于木材的材料和/或塑料构成。其中,由单独的面板构成并铺成浮隔地板的复合地板是已知的。单个面板由例如HDF支撑板和涂覆在其上的复合层构成,该面板对楼层的外观负责。在镶木地板的情况下装饰由木材层构成。在装饰之上通常设有透明保护层。在支撑板之下通常设有另外一层,其提供反作用。在复合层的情况下反作用或平衡层通常由纸形成。在镶木地板的情况下通常是木材层。
如果人们在房间里走来走去就会产生噪声,其被称为脚步声。对于房间而言,在楼板覆盖件由刚性楼层面板构成的情况下脚步声更加清晰,这种楼板覆盖件设有地毯或弹性楼层面料比如PVC。当在地板上走动时噪声的发展即脚步声是基于引入地板的冲击波的反射。声波震动的振幅谱取决于房间到地板、地板到地基边界以及取决于在不同层中的衰减。如果空气层在保持两层之间,即,例如在复合地板和它下面的整平板之间,则噪声的发展特别高。
为了降低由于走动引起的噪声发展,脚步声可以通过将其转化成热而被吸收,从而相应地减少对它的吸收。另一种可能性是改变频率。根据频率噪声可被感觉为悦耳或不悦耳。通过改变频率可以使脚步声听起来更悦耳从而得以改善。
为了吸收或改善脚步声,各种类似垫子的材料,比如闭室(closed-cell)聚乙烯泡沫,软木,再循环的橡胶和软木构成的聚合物有界垫子,波纹纸或软木纤维织物可用作刚性楼板覆盖件下面、整平板上面的下层,如从WO 01/09461中获知的那样。不过,可通过这种方法获得的吸声效果不令人满意。因此已经尝试将以上类似垫子的材料直接粘在例如刚性楼板覆盖件的背面,即楼板覆盖件的基底。不利的是这含有高度技术复杂性。成本也因此变高了。综上,相对于技术复杂性,噪声的降低不令人满意。
从例如文献DE 196 20 987 C1可知绝缘膜,其配备有胶带。意图是将绝缘膜粘到刚性楼板覆盖件底部以便降低在地板上走动时的噪声发展。
从文献DE 43 29 766 A1可知提供一种用于楼层的脚步声绝缘的聚合物材料。根据文献DE 38 35 638 A1可知可膨胀的聚苯乙烯用作刚性楼板覆盖件中的绝缘层。从文献WO 01/09461 A1可知,将热塑性材料层固定地附着到楼板覆盖件的刚性面板,以便获得良好的吸收特性。WO 93/24295披露了将塑料层应用到薄的木面层,该塑料层是弹性的因此在该发明中不是刚性的。
在现有技术中通常需要不利的较厚的吸声层,以获得想要的效果。不过,在建筑物中安装厚的楼板覆盖件通常有问题,因为相邻房间中的门和地板的原因复合地板不能太厚。此外,相邻房间产生了台阶或门再也不能打开或关闭。出于光学方面的原因台阶是不理想的。此外,它们是所谓绊倒的危险之源。门不得不针对楼板覆盖件的不同高度进行调整。
根据文献WO 02/100638 A1,建议邻接着在周围环境温度下有显著的物理张弛特性的非常薄的热塑性材料层在面板的底部一侧上设置最终的纸层。该教导是基于这样的构思,把热塑性层内部的声音转换成热并且为此通过面板与热塑性层之间的固定连接把声音非常良好地引导至热塑性层。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种具有吸声作用的楼板覆盖件。
本发明的目标是通过具有第一权利要求的特征的楼板覆盖件而实现的。用于制造该楼板覆盖件的方法具有第一并列权利要求的特征。优选的实施例可从从属权利要求了解。
一种用于根据权利要求1的楼板覆盖件的面板连接到两层,这两层用于吸收或改善脚步声。这两层中的一层优选地包括纤维构成的垫子而另一层优选地包括热塑性材料。热塑性材料是一种软化并且当超过材料依存温度(dependent temperature)时变得自由流动。在本发明的用意中,在这种状态下,材料是可变形的并能够通过涂敷或滚轧而附着到各楼板覆盖件的底部、各个其他的吸声层或声音改善层的底部,从而牢牢地结合到楼板覆盖件。如果温度下降到上述温度以下,热塑性材料凝固。特别地,热塑性材料这样来选择,在周围环境温度范围内表现出显著的物理张弛特性,即,特别适合于在周围环境温度下吸收脚步声。
在周围环境温度范围内具有显著的物理张弛特性的热塑性聚合物的例子有聚乙烯丙酸酯或聚乙烯醋酸盐(polyvinyl acetate)。另一方面,例如,聚碳酸酯,以其高的玻璃转变温度成为完全不适合的材料。在计量方面,例如,当扭转模量表示为温度的函数时,合适的材料在周围环境温度范围内或最接近的邻近温度范围内表现出损耗模量tanδ的明显的最大值。该物理原理,包括特性曲线的例子,包含在聚合物物理学教科书比如:Chemie,Physik und Technologie der Kunststoffe,第6卷,Kunststoffe I;Struktur und physika-lisches Verhalten der Kunststoffe-,第4章;K.A.Wolf,Springerverlag 1962。
如果材料在周围环境温度范围内表现出显著的物理张弛特性,就会获得特别良好的吸附作用,因为动能被非常良好地转化成热。在周围环境温度下表现出特别良好的张弛特性的材料的例子是:
聚乙烯醇缩甲醛,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚乙烯醚,聚异丁烯或共聚物,比如丙烯腈、丁二烯与苯乙烯的三元共聚物(ABS),氯乙烯与2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)的共聚物,醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯十二酸酯的共聚物,或者这些聚合物的聚合物混合物,包括所添加的典型的聚合物增塑剂。
在本发明的一个实施例中热塑性材料层位于另外的脚步声吸收或改善层的下面,特别是在由纤维构成的垫子下面。与现有技术相比,本发明的目标非常良好地实现,其对于本领域技术人员而言是意想不到的:热塑性材料将声音变换成热从而使脚步声衰减,如可从文献WO 01/09461 A1以及WO 02/100638 A1中得到的那样。这对于在周围环境温度下表现出显著的张弛特性的这种热塑性材料尤其如此。为了实现在楼板覆盖件上走动时产生的声音由于在热塑性层中转化成热而实际上被吸收,声音必须优选地完全被引导至热塑性材料层中。为了将声音优选地完全引导到其中,声音应该优选地尽可能少地从边界表面反射,而是从楼板覆盖件的表面向下。
在上述实施例中附加的边界层通过提供另外的脚步声吸收或改善层来产生,这在现有技术中是应该避免的。因此预料不到的是,尽管有附加的边界层,却能够获得总的更好的结果,特别是与从文献WO 01/09461和WO 02/100638 A1获知的例子相比。这在垫子包括纤维的垫子的情况下尤其如是。
在本发明的一个实施例中,面板包括支撑板且在顶侧布置有装饰(décor),例如以打印纸的形式。装饰也可以通过其它材料来设置,例如木材。这种面板通常包括在其侧面的耦合元件,例如槽和舌耦合装置。耦合元件特别地形成,从而面板能够连接到另一个面板而不需要应用胶水,特别是也平行于楼板覆盖件的表面。面板还可以在其下侧上包括起反作用的层。在装饰已经以打印纸的形式设置的情况下,该层特别包括纸。在装饰通过包括木材的层设置的情况下,用来起反作用的层特别地包括木材。
在本发明的一个实施例中用来改善或吸收脚步声的两层邻接着支撑板布置且特别是在其下侧上。在这种情况下它们直接布置在支撑板上或布置在反作用层上。
不过,也可以将用来改善或吸收脚步声的两层例如布置在支撑板的顶侧上。在这种情况下脚步声被直接吸收。不过,楼板覆盖件的表面在这种情况下机械耐久性较低。
热塑性材料层和另外的声音吸收或声音改善层在一个实施例中与面板固定地连接,例如通过胶合。这样边界表面不太出问题。
一个吸声层特别包括木质纤维,其中纤维胶合在一起。由纤维构成的该垫子不同于由更长的纤维构成的HDF或MDF板,这些纤维缠绕或纠缠在一起。垫子的纤维在一个实施例中具有可达15mm的长度。通过缠绕实现了连接。因此,与HDF或MDF板中的胶水量相比胶水的量可以基本上减少。与LDF板相比根据本发明的垫子基本上包括更少的气泡或水泡。在本发明的一个实施例中,具有在本发明含义下的厚度为2mm至2.5mm的垫子的重量为5至10Kg/m2,例如7.5Kg/m2
对于纤维板的纤维的制造,例如HDF,MDF或LDF,在第一个步骤中薄木片被加热加工,在下一个步骤中加热加工过的木夹板被研磨。在用于本发明的垫子的纤维的制造中,相对于用于HDF,MDF或LDF板的纤维的制造,薄木片被加热加工相对短的时间和/或研磨相对短的时间。由此获得更粗特别是更长的纤维。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,垫子包括光滑和粗糙的表面。热塑性材料与垫子的光滑侧相连接。具有粗糙表面的一侧附着到面板上。这样进一步提高了声音的吸收。
垫子优选地在辊压机中制造。这样能够生成按照上述实施例的光滑和粗糙表面。
在本发明的另一个有利的实施例中,热塑性材料这样来选择,使得它表现出粘性。粘性是聚合物的典型术语。热塑性橡胶是表现出本发明的含义内的粘性的材料的一个例子。
如果材料选择成它表现出粘性,那么它理想地粘到另一层上。这样,避免了在另一层与热塑性材料之间包括空气。因此以进一步改善的方式吸收了声音。在一个实施例中吸声特性在使用非常坚固而薄的纸的情况下特别好,该纸布置在热塑性材料下面。为此纸的重量优选地在仅10至50gr./m2的范围内。为获得特别坚固的纸其优选地注入合成树脂。合成树脂特别地通过例如挤压引入到纸的内部。纸优选地注入了丙烯酸酯,其优选地在纸的内部。在这种情况下纸的重量不超过30gr./m2
坚固而薄的另外的层,例如重量轻的坚固的纸,更为有利,因为面板的总厚度不因为该另外的层而显著增加。
附图说明
在图1中表示了特别优选的结构。
具体实施方式
面板的上表面包括由纸制成的装饰层和布置在其上的透明耐磨层1。该层1连接到HDF板2,该板可以是3至15mm厚且在所有四个侧面上设有耦合装置3。
耦合装置3用作面板的连接。其特别地设置,从而面层的面板能够互相连接而不需要施加胶水。
在HDF板的下面布置有纸4,其逆靠着装饰纸1的起反作用。在反作用纸4的下面布置有垫子5,其与HDF板相比包括更长的纤维和更少的胶量。该垫子不包含任何空气内含物。空气内含物存在于LDF板。该垫子优选地为1至4mm厚且与支撑板2相比无论如何特别地薄。在垫子5的下面布置有热塑性材料层6,其非常薄,尤其是0.1至1mm厚。纸7附着到(连接到)热塑性材料层的底部侧。
为了制造,首先支撑大板在一侧上涂有装饰层且在另一侧上有反作用层以及垫子,特别是通常通过挤压的手段。有利地,热塑性材料层附加地施加,并且其优选地通过纸来覆盖。然后大板被切割,从而产生许多较小的板,其对应于面板的尺寸。在侧面上磨出耦合元件例如舌和槽装置以及进一步的锁紧装置。如果还没有完成,在下一步骤中施加热塑性层,其优选地被纸层覆盖。
通过在涂敷工艺之前将垫子与大板连接,可确保后来面板的边缘的良好对齐。在耦合元件的区域中这种对齐是有利的,因为否则的话一旦在地板上走动耦合元件可能会因此进一步地向下推进,导致材料疲劳。对于使得两个面板不施加胶水地连接的耦合元件如此。为此有利的是在切割操作之前在垫子下面施加另外的层。由于这两个另外的层非常薄,即使当一起考虑时,对于材料疲劳的影响也最小化。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于楼板覆盖件的面板,具有至少两个不同的层(5,6),所述层用于改善脚步声。
2.根据权利要求1的面板,其中改善脚步声的一层(5)是由纤维构成的垫子,该垫子优选地不含有任何空气。
3.根据权利要求1或2的面板,其中改善脚步声的另一层(6)包括热塑性材料,其特别地在周围环境温度下表现出显著的张弛特性和/或不含有任何空气。
4.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其中面板包括支撑板(2),在支撑板的上表面上的装饰层(1)和优选地在支撑板下面的反作用层(4)。
5.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其中支撑板在其侧面上设有耦合元件并且/或者具有3至15mm的厚度并且/或者包括HDF或MDF或粗纸板(chip board)。
6.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其在底侧上设有改善脚步声的层且优选地首先是由木质纤维构成的垫子(5)和胶水和布置在其下的热塑性材料层(6)。
7.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其在改善脚步声的层的底侧上设有纸。
8.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其中垫子作为改善脚步声的层存在,具有长度可达15mm的长度的纤维,其部分地互相纠缠在一起。
9.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,其中垫子(5)中的纤维比构成面板的支撑板(2)的纤维更长,并且/或者垫子(5)中的胶水量低于支撑板(2)中的胶水量。
10.根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板,具有1-4mm厚度的垫子(5)和/或具有0.1-1mm厚度的热塑性材料层布置到该面板上。
11.一种用于制造根据前面任何一项权利要求的面板的方法,首先板在一侧上设有至少一个装饰层(1)或装饰,且在另一侧上设有至少一个垫子(5),这样被涂敷的板被切割成更小的板,且更小的板在它们的侧面上设有耦合元件,例如槽和舌装置以及进一步的锁定元件。
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