CN101198889B - 后向反射片结构 - Google Patents

后向反射片结构 Download PDF

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CN101198889B
CN101198889B CN2006800214042A CN200680021404A CN101198889B CN 101198889 B CN101198889 B CN 101198889B CN 2006800214042 A CN2006800214042 A CN 2006800214042A CN 200680021404 A CN200680021404 A CN 200680021404A CN 101198889 B CN101198889 B CN 101198889B
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F·吴
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Avery Dennison Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00605Production of reflex reflectors
    • B29D11/00625Moulds for reflex reflectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00605Production of reflex reflectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0074Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B5/12Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
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    • B29C59/022Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
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    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
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    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]

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Abstract

后向反射片结构(10),其包括具有光接收前表面(30)和后向反射后表面(32)的透明层(20)。入射在前表面(30)上的光通过层(20),射到后向反射后表面(32)上,并按预定的方向透过前表面(30)反射回来。选择识别标记(44),然后在后向反射面(32)上形成该识别标记(44)。该标记(44)可以用于识别的目的,即使含有后向反射片结构(10)的终端产品在该领域已经过时多年。

Description

后向反射片结构
技术领域
如所说明,本发明一般地涉及后向反射片结构,更具体而言,涉及包括具有光接收前表面和后向反射后表面的透明热塑层的后向反射片结构。
背景技术
后向反射片结构包括具有光接收前表面和后向反射后表面的透明热塑层。入射在前表面的光通过透明热塑层,射到后向反射后表面上,并且以预定的方向(例如,与入射方向成一条线和/或平行)通过前表面反射回来。以这种方式,入射光可用于照明标记、文字和在其它黑暗环境中的其它信息。
后向反射面可以由凸饰在热塑层中的后向反射元件的重复阵列形成。后向反射元件可以包括,例如,隅角立方体元件,每个隅角立方体元件具有三个平面,相互以直角排布并通过结合于顶点的边连接(参见,如US 1906655、US 3332327、US 3541606、US 3833285、US3873184和/或者US 3923378。也可以参见US 6767102,它被转让给本发明的受让人,并且在此引入全部公开内容作为参考)。
过去几年,后向反射片结构已经被包含在许多终端产品中,其包括,例如,车辆标记、道路标志和提示性标志桶(construction barrel)。在这些和其它应用中,延长的室外耐久性很重要,后向反射片结构需要耐长时间的阳光照射和其它恶劣的环境条件。当后向反射结构在公路情况使用时,12年的预期使用寿命不被认为是不合理的要求。即使在要求较低、较脆弱的场合,后向反射结构也被期望在某一时间内(如,一到五年时间)保持其物理稳定性和光学反射率。
典型地,终端产品制造商会从独立经营的供应商得到一卷后向反射片材。在终端产品的制造过程中,片材从卷展开并且被分离成单个结构,以便并入终端产品。这样,后向反射片材供应者可能不知道其片材被用于何种终端产品,和/或终端产品被用于何处,特别是在一段长时间之后。另外或者可选地,具有多个片材供应商的终端产品制造商(这是由许多公司的采购政策规定)可能发现难以查出其片材被用于特定终端产品的供应商的身份。
发明概述
本发明提供后向反射片结构,其包括可用于识别形成该结构的片材的有关情况的标记。例如,识别标记可以允许片材供应商确定具体的后向反射结构是否源于其公司,和/或允许终端产品制造商确定哪家供应商的片材被包含在具体的产品中。这可能很重要,例如,如果后向反射结构不能保持其物理稳定性和/或光学反射率预期长的时间。本发明允许做出这样的确定,即使内含该反射片结构的终端产品在该领域已经过时多年。
更具体而言,本发明提供包括识别标记的后向反射片结构,该识别标记在其透明层的后向反射后表面上形成。供应商可以选择不被另外一个片材供应商使用的识别标记。识别标记在近距离查看(例如,在20cm或者以下范围内)过程中是可被检测的,但不干涉所述结构的后向反射质量。
后向反射后表面可以包括在其上形成的后向反射元件的重复阵列,其中一些元件具有以对应于识别标记的模式进行排布的扰动部分(disturbance)。例如,如果后向反射元件是微型立方体,少部分的立方体面可以在其上具有平面扰动部分(planar-disturbance)。以这种方式形成的识别标记允许已有的工具板(tool plate)(其只具有未被干扰的后向反射元件)被修改以实施本发明。具体而言,例如,已有的工具板可以被蚀刻(例如,激光蚀刻)以产生期望平面扰动的反面。
本发明的这些和其它特征在权利要求中被充分地描述和具体地指出。以下描述和附图详细陈述了本发明的某些说明性实施方式,这些实施方式仅仅对可以应用本发明原理的各种方式中的一种进行了说明。
附图说明
图1A、1B和1C是含有根据本发明的后向反射片结构的终端产品的示意图,终端产品分别是车辆、道路标志和提示性标志桶。
图2A和2B分别是从终端产品分离的后向反射片结构的俯视图和侧视图。
图2C是后向反射元件的特写俯视图。
图2D是其一个面上具有平面扰动的后向反射元件的特写俯视图。
图3是一卷后向反射片材的透视图,该后向反射片材被供给终端产品制造商以制造成后向反射片结构,该片材包括雕纹的热塑层。
图4A和4B是热塑层雕纹方法的示意图。
图4C是在热塑层雕纹方法中使用的工具板的棱锥突起的特写侧视图。
图5A和5B是修改工具板以对热塑层雕纹的方法的示意图。
图5C是激光蚀刻前工具的棱锥部分的特写侧视图。
图5D是激光蚀刻后工具的棱锥部分的特写侧视图。
发明详述
现在参照附图,先参照图1A、1B和1C,根据本发明的后向反射片结构10被显示包含在终端产品12中。在说明性的实施方式中,终端产品12分别是车辆、道路标志和提示性标志桶。对这些终端产品12,延长的室外耐久性很重要,并且片结构10需要耐长时间的阳光照射和其它恶劣的环境条件一段预期长的时间。然而,本发明不限于室外情况,并且终端产品12可以是内含根据本发明的后向反射片结构10的任何产品。在任何情况下,终端产品12包括与片结构10连接,优选粘接的安装面14。
现在参照2A和2B,显示后向反射片结构10从终端产品12中分离。结构10包括透明层20、反射辅助层22、衬层24和粘附层26。在终端产品制造的预安装阶段期间,可以提供可移除的剥离层28(以虚线显示)以覆盖粘附层26。
透明层20可以包括任何合适的、与期望的制造方法相容的热塑材料(如,丙烯酸树脂、乙烯基树脂、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚砜、聚芳酯、聚醚-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、环烯烃共聚物和/或丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯)。反射辅助层22可以是镀金属膜、粒状二氧化硅颗粒或者任何其它可接受的反射材料。衬层24可以作为层20/22后面的分隔填料和/或作为粘附层26的载体,并且为了达到该目的,它可以包括纸、塑料、金属或者其它具有这些功能的的片材/基材。粘附层26被用于将反射片结构10连接到终端产品12的安装面14上,并且其可以包括压敏胶粘剂或者热活化胶粘剂。
透明层20具有光接收前表面30和后向反射后表面32,在后向反射后表面32上形成后向反射元件34的重复阵列。射到光滑的前表面30的入射光穿过透明的热塑层20,照射到后向反射元件34上,并以预定的方向(例如,与入射方向成一条线和/或平行)通过前表面30反射回去。
如图2C最佳显示,后向反射元件34是优选的微型立方体,每个立方体包括三个平面36,相互以直角排布并且通过汇聚于顶点40的边38连接。面36的大小、形状和排列决定光学质量,并且可以改变以调节光学质量。每个后向反射元件34的立方体面积(即,由立方体的形状封闭的面积,其由在主折射光线方向的三个面36周长的棱锥决定)可以是大约1mm2或以下。
在大多数后向反射元件34中(例如,80%以上、90%以上、95%以上和/或98%以上),三个面36是不含任何突出或者凹陷的平面(见图2D)。然而,在所选的几个后向反射元件34中,一个面36包括干扰面36的平面轮廓的平面扰动42(见图2E)。具有平面扰动42的后向反射元件34以对应于识别标记44的方式排列。例如,在说明性的实施方式中,平面扰动42共同形成“ABC”标志,该标志可对应于用于制造结构10的后向反射片材(即后向反射片材48,在下面介绍)的供应商。可以预期的是,供应商将选择不是另一个片材供应商的识别标记44。
在说明性的实施方式中,平面扰动42是突出物,更具体而言,具有类似球状的突起物。然而,本发明当然可能使用和考虑其它的突出物几何形状。而且,所选择的面36的平面轮廓中的其它扰动可以用于取代突起物42或者与突起物42一起使用。例如,压痕、缺口、坑、凹陷或其它的槽可以用于形成识别标记44。在“被扰动的”后向反射元件34中,平面扰动42可以相同、相似或者不同。
平面扰动42只占各后向反射元件24的扰动面36表面积的小百分比例(例如,30%以下、20%以下、10%以下和/或5%以下)。因此,扰动面36大部分反射区域是完整的。而且,由扰动42共同形成的识别标记44会优选地占有热塑层20的表面32上16cm2以下的面积。以这利方式,识别标记44在近距离查看(例如,在距结构10的20cm或者以下的范围内)过程中是可被检测的,但不干涉或者减损结构10的后向反射质量。也就是说,如果在具体的情况下,这样的干扰和/或减损是可以接受的或者是期望的,可以使用较大的识别标记44。
现在参照图3,后向反射片材48被显示,其能够被用于制造多个结构10。典型地,终端产品12(或者其组件)的制造商会从独立经营的供应商得到一卷后向反射片材48。在制造终端产品12的过程中,将片材48从卷展开并且分离成单个结构10,以并入终端产品12。为了达到该目的,片材48可以包括透明热塑层50、反射辅助层52、衬层54和粘附层56以及可移除的剥离层58。透明层50包括后向反射元件34的重复阵列和包括在预定的位置和/或间隔的识别标记44,以保证每个结构10包括至少一个这样的标记44。
现在参照4A和4B,其示意性地展示了制造热塑层50的方法。在该方法中,热塑膜60由工具板62雕纹,接着冷却以凝固雕纹的微结构。在该方法所用的工具板62可以为宽度/长度范围在例如从五英寸到六十英寸的各种尺寸。例如,工具板62可以为三十英寸宽和六十英寸长,或者可以为五英寸宽和五英寸长。
如通过参照图4C所最佳展示,工具板62具有对应于后向反射元件34反面的形貌。具体而言,工具板62具有一系列的棱锥(或者其它多面体)突起64,该突起64包括相互以直角排列并由通过结合于顶点70的边68连接的三个面66。工具板62的大多数面66具有平的平面轮廓,以制造具有不含任何突出或者凹陷的三个平面36的后向反射元件34。然而,旨在共同形成识别标记44的工具板62的面66′包括对应于预期平面扰动42的反面的扰动72。因此,如果扰动42的预期几何形状是突出物,如所示,扰动72将是凹陷(同样,如果扰动42的预期几何形状是槽,则扰动72将是突起)。
现在参照图5,其示意性地显示了制造工具板62的方法。在该方法中,提供了具有对应于后向反射元件34形貌的工具板92,这些工具板都具有三个平的平面36(图5A)。具体而言,例如,工具板92可以包括一系列的棱锥突起64,该棱锥突起64包括相互以直角排列并由全部结合于顶点70的边68连接的三个平面部分66。选择识别标记44,并确定标记44相对于整个热塑层的位置后,可以将对应于平面扰动72的平面部分66′进行制图。
然后,通过合适的技术,例如施加能量、化学品或者机械加工,在每个制图的平面部分66′上形成平面扰动72。例如,激光束(如YAG脉冲激光器或者CO2激光器)可以聚焦于平面部分66′,以熔化表面和形成扰动72。化学品对塑料材料特别有用,因为在制图的平面部分上施加一滴溶剂可以使表面起皱,形成扰动72。机械加工方法可以包括,例如,微型钻孔。
有利的是,本发明不需要构造新的工具板62,但是却允许改造已有的板92。
现在可以理解,本发明提供了后向反射片结构10,其中,识别标记44允许片材供应商确定具体的结构是否来自该公司,和/或终端产品制造商确定具体终端产品包含哪家供应商的片材。尽管本发明已经对一些优选实施方式进行了展示和描述,但是,在阅读和理解本说明书后,对本领域普通技术人员而言,显而易见的是可以对本发明进行等同的和明显的改变和修改。本发明包括所有这样的改变和修改,并且仅由所附权利要求的范围所限定。

Claims (10)

1.后向反射片结构(10),其包括含有光接收前表面(30)和后向反射后表面(32)的透明层(20),由此入射在所述前表面(30)上的光通过所述层(20),射到所述后向反射后表面(32)上,并以预定的方向通过所述前表面(30)反射回去;
其中大多数所述后向反射元件(34)具有没有任何突出或者凹陷的平的三个面(36),其中至少一些剩余的元件(34)具有至少一个包括平面扰动(42)的扰动面(36′),该平面扰动(42)干扰了所述面(36)的平面轮廓;
其中所述扰动面(36′)以共同在所述后反射表面(32)上形成选择的识别标记(44)的模式排列;
其中所述扰动面(36′)大部分反射区域保持完整;和
其中在大约20cm或以下的查看距离,所述识别标记(44)可视觉检测。
2.如前面权利要求所述的后向反射片结构(10),其中,所述透明层(20)的所述后向反射后表面(32)包括在其上形成的后向反射元件(34)的重复阵列。
3.如前面权利要求所述的后向反射片结构(10),其中,所述后向反射元件(34)是隅角立方体,每个隅角立方体包括三个面(36),该三个面相互以直角排列并通过结合于顶点(40)的边(38)连接。
4.如前面权利要求任一项所述的后向反射片结构(10),其中,至少80%的所述后向反射元件(34)具有三个平的平面(36)。
5.如前面权利要求任一项所述的后向反射片结构(10),其中,所述识别标记(44)占有所述后向反射后表面(32)上16cm2以下的面积。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的后向反射片结构(10),其中所述后向反射片结构包括连接所述后向反射片结构(10)的安装面(14)。
7.制造如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的后向反射片结构(10)的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
接收片材(48),所述片材(48)包括透明层(50),透明层(50)形成所述结构(10)的透明层(20)和识别标记(44);
将片材(48)分离成单个结构(10),每个结构(10)包括至少一个识别标记(44)和其中通过扰动至少一个面(36′)同时使所述扰动面(36′)大部分反射区域完整形成所述识别标记(44)。
8.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的后向反射片结构(10),所述片结构包括透明层(50),其在预定的位置和/或间隔形成所述结构(10)的透明层(20)和识别标记(44),以保证每个结构(10)包括至少一个识别标记(44)。
9.制造如权利要求8所述的后向反射片结构(10)的透明层(50)的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
用工具板(62)对热塑膜(60)雕纹;和
冷却雕纹的热塑膜(60);
其中所述工具板(62)具有对应于反射元件(34)和识别标记(44)的反面的形貌。
10.制造用于对热塑膜(60)雕纹以制造如权利要求8所述的后向反射片结构(10)的透明层(50)的工具板(62)的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
选择所述识别标记(44);
提供已有的工具板(92),其具有对应于反射元件(34)的反面、不含识别标记(44)的形貌;和
修改所述形貌(92),以形成识别标记(44)的反面。
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