CN101195667A - 聚烯烃生产方法 - Google Patents
聚烯烃生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101195667A CN101195667A CNA2007100878092A CN200710087809A CN101195667A CN 101195667 A CN101195667 A CN 101195667A CN A2007100878092 A CNA2007100878092 A CN A2007100878092A CN 200710087809 A CN200710087809 A CN 200710087809A CN 101195667 A CN101195667 A CN 101195667A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkene
- unsubstituted
- replace
- polymerisation medium
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 pentadienyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004858 arsoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004857 phospholes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005062 perfluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(N)=O XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N (4e)-hexa-1,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\CC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical group C1C2C(C=C)CC1C=C2 INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLAWFKRMCIXRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical group C1C2C(=C=C)CC1C=C2 KLAWFKRMCIXRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002028 silica xerogel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012725 vapour phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
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Abstract
一种生产烯烃均聚物和共聚物的方法,该方法包括将一种烯烃和/或一种烯烃与至少一种或多种其它烯烃在聚合条件下与一种金属茂催化剂以及一氧化二氮接触,其中一氧化二氮的用量为足以减少聚合介质中的静电荷。此外还提供了一种在聚烯烃生产中用来减少静电荷的方法,该方法是将一氧化二氮加入到聚合介质中。
Description
本申请是申请号为CN99816882.3(国际申请日为1999年10月14日)、发明名称为“聚烯烃生产方法”的进入国家阶段的PCT申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用金属茂催化剂和用量足以减少聚合反应器中静电荷的一氧化二氮(N2O)来生产聚烯烃的聚合方法。用一氧化二氮作为一种催化剂会进一步提供适用于模塑和薄膜加工的聚烯烃。
背景技术
聚烯烃如聚乙烯广为人知且应用于许多领域。特别是线型聚乙烯聚合物具有可以把它们从其它聚乙烯聚合物,如通常被称为LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)的支化乙烯均聚物中区分出来的性质。这些性能中的一些描述于Anderson等人的美国专利4,076,698中。
用来生产聚乙烯和聚丙烯聚合物的一种特别有用的聚合介质是气相法。其例子见于美国专利3,709,853、4,003,712、4,011,382、4,302,566、4,543,399、4,882,400、5,352,749和5,541,270以及加拿大专利991,798和比利时专利839,380中。
已知金属茂催化剂可用于聚合和共聚合烯烃如乙烯。金属茂催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷。典型的有机金属助催化剂是烷基铝氧烷如甲基铝氧烷,以及含有硼的化合物如三(全氟苯基)硼烷和四(全氟苯基)硼酸盐。
金属茂催化剂可以承载在惰性多孔的颗粒载体上。
在聚合过程,特别是气相聚合过程中通常遇到的一个问题是附聚物的形成。附聚物可以在各种地方形成,如聚合反应器和用来循环气流的管道中。作为附聚物形成的后果,可能是必须要关闭反应器。
当附聚物在聚合反应器中形成时会有许多不利的影响。例如,附聚物会堵塞聚合物排料系统,从而干扰聚合物从聚合反应器中排出。此外如果附聚物落在并覆盖住部分流化栅,就可能使流化效率产生损失,这会导致形成能够使整个流化床损失的更大的附聚物。在每种情况下都可能必须要关闭反应器。
已经发现附聚物可以因在聚合介质中存在极细小的聚合物颗粒而形成。这些细小的聚合物颗粒可以由于在聚合介质中引入细小的催化剂颗粒或催化剂破裂而存在。
据信这些细小颗粒沉积并且静电吸附在聚合反应器和用来循环气流的相关设备,例如热交换器的内壁上。如果细小颗粒保持活性,并且聚合反应仍在继续,那么这些颗粒的尺寸将增大,从而导致形成附聚物。当在聚合反应器中形成时这些附聚物倾向于形成片状。
已经提出了几种方案以解决在气相聚合过程中形成附聚物的问题。这些方案包括使细小的聚合物颗粒失活,控制催化剂的活性以及减少静电荷,代表性的解决方案如下:
欧洲专利申请0 359 444 A1描述了在聚合反应器中引入少量活性缓聚剂以使聚合速率或所生产聚合物中过渡金属的含量基本上保持恒定。据说此方法会生产出不形成附聚物的聚合物。
美国专利4,739,015中描述了使用气体含氧化合物或液体或固体含活泼氢的化合物来防止聚合物自身粘结或粘结在聚合设备的内壁上。
在美国专利4,803,251中描述了利用一组化学添加剂来减少板结的一种方法,其中添加剂会在反应器中产生正负两种电荷,并且被进料到反应器中的用量为每百万分之几(ppm)部分/单体部分,以防止形成不希望的正或负电荷。
可以用来中和流化床反应器中静电荷的其它方法和其它添加剂见于美国专利4,792,592、4,803,251、4,855,370、4,876,320、5,162,463、5,194,526和5,200,477中。
用来减少或消除静电荷的其它方法包括(1)在流化床中安装接地装置,(2)通过放电作用将气体或颗粒电离,以产生可以中和颗粒上静电荷的离子,以及(3)使用放射源来产生辐射,该辐射能够生成用来中和颗粒上静电荷的离子。
因此希望提供一种生产聚烯烃,特别是聚乙烯的方法,其中与静电荷相关的问题得以减少。
发明内容
本发明的聚合方法包括在包含烯烃,特别是乙烯,以及任选地至少一种或多种其它烯烃的聚合介质中引入至少一种金属茂催化剂以及一氧化二氮(N2O),该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,其中一氧化二氮的用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平。
本发明还涉及一种减少聚合介质中静电荷的方法,该聚合介质包含烯烃,特别是乙烯,以及任选地至少一种或多种其它烯烃,至少一种金属茂催化剂以及一氧化二氮(N2O),该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,该方法包括将一氧化二氮引入到聚合介质中,其用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平。
所有在此提及的周期表中的各族元素参照在“化学与工程报道(Chemical and Engineering News)”,63(5),27,1985中发表的元素周期表。在此表中,族的编号是从1到18。
具体实施方式
本发明的聚合方法包括在包含烯烃,特别是乙烯,以及任选地至少一种或多种其它烯烃的聚合介质中引入至少一种金属茂催化剂以及一氧化二氮(N2O),该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,其中一氧化二氮的用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平。
本发明还涉及一种减少聚合介质中静电荷的方法,该聚合介质包含一种烯烃,特别是乙烯,以及任选地至少一种或多种其它烯烃,至少一种金属茂催化剂以及一氧化二氮(N2O),该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,该方法包括将一氧化二氮引入到聚合介质中,其用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平。
本发明的聚合反应在至少一种金属茂催化剂的存在下进行。在本发明的方法中,该催化剂可以本领域内已知的任何方式加入,例如,该催化剂可以溶液、淤浆或干燥的自由流动粉末形式直接加入到流化床反应器中。该催化剂还可以失活催化剂的形式使用,或者以通过将催化剂与一种或多种烯烃在助催化剂存在下接触而得到的预聚物形式使用。
金属茂催化剂在工业领域内广为人知,并且由至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分组成。金属茂催化剂的过渡金属组分包含一种化合物和至少一种过渡金属,此化合物含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷。优选该部分是取代或未取代的环戊二烯基。过渡金属选自元素周期表的3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10族。这些过渡金属的例子有钪、钛、锆、铪、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍之类,以及它们的混合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,过渡金属选自4、5或6族,例如钛、锆、铪、钒和铬,且在另一个优选的实施方案中,过渡金属是钛或锆或者它们的混合物。
金属茂催化剂的助催化剂组分可以是能够在烯烃聚合中活化金属茂催化剂过渡金属组分的任何化合物,或者它们的混合物。通常助催化剂是一种烷基铝氧烷如甲基铝氧烷(MAO),以及芳基取代的含硼化合物如三(全氟苯基)硼烷和四(全氟苯基)硼酸盐。
有许多参考文献很详细地描述了金属茂催化剂。例如,金属茂催化剂描述于美国专利4,564,647、4,752,597、5,106,804、5,132,380、5,227,440、5,296,565、5,324,800、5,331,071、5,332,706、5,350,723、5,399,635、5,466,766、5,468,702、5,474,962、5,578,537和5,863,853。这些专利的所有内容在此列为参考文献。
在此金属茂催化剂还包括催化剂体系如[C2H5B-OEt]2ZrCl2、[C5H4CH2CH2NMe2]TiCl3、[PC4Me3Si(Me)2NCMe3]ZrCl2、[C5Me4Si(Me)2NCMe3]TiCl2、和(C5H5)(C5H7)ZrCl2。
在这里金属茂催化剂可以任何方式加入到本发明的方法中。例如,催化剂组分可以溶液、淤浆或干燥的自由流动粉末形式直接加入到聚合介质中。金属茂催化剂的过渡金属组分和助催化剂组分可以在加入到聚合介质之前预先混合以形成一种活化的催化剂,或者这些组分可以分别加入到聚合介质中,或者这些组分可以预先混合,然后与一种或多种烯烃接触以形成一种预聚物,然后以预聚物形式加入到聚合介质中。当催化剂组分在加入到反应器之前预先混合时,任何电子给体化合物均可以加入催化剂中以控制催化剂的活性水平。此外可以向聚合介质中加入附加的有机金属化合物,如三烷基铝。
金属茂催化剂的任何或所有组分都可以承载在载体上。载体可以是任何无机或有机颗粒材料。优选载体颗粒的直径不大于约200微米,载体材料的最优选颗粒尺寸可以很容易地由实验得到。优选载体的平均粒径为5-200微米,更优选10-150微米,最优选20-100微米。
合适的无机载体的例子包括金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属卤化物或其它金属盐,如硫酸盐、碳酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和硅酸盐。在此适合使用的无机载体范例是元素周期表中1和2族金属的化合物,如钠或钾的盐以及镁或钙的氧化物或盐,例如钠、钾、镁或钙的氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、磷酸盐或硅酸盐以及例如镁或钙的氧化物或氢氧化物。适合使用的还有无机氧化物如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化铬、氧化硼、硅烷化的二氧化硅、二氧化硅水凝胶、二氧化硅干凝胶、二氧化硅气凝胶,以及混合的氧化物如滑石、二氧化硅/氧化铬、二氧化硅/氧化铬/二氧化钛、二氧化硅/氧化铝、二氧化硅/二氧化钛、二氧化硅/氧化镁、二氧化硅/氧化镁/二氧化钛、磷酸铝的凝胶、二氧化硅共凝胶之类。无机氧化物可以含有少量的碳酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和氧化物如Na2CO3、K2CO3、CaCO3、MgCO3、Na2SO4、Al2(SO4)3、BaSO4、KNO3、Mg(NO3)2、Al(NO3)3、Na2O、K2O和Li2O。优选载体包含至少一种选自SiO2、Al2O3或它们的混合物的组分作为主要组分。
合适的有机载体的例子包括聚合物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯和α-烯烃的共聚物、聚苯乙烯以及官能化的聚苯乙烯。
金属茂催化剂可以通过本领域内已知的任何方法来制备。催化剂可以是溶液、淤浆或干燥的自由流动粉末形式。金属茂催化剂的用量为其足以生产出所需量的聚烯烃。
在本发明的方法中可以使用任何卤代烃,如果需要则可以使用多种卤代烃。典型的这些卤代烃是单卤和多卤取代的饱和或不饱和含有1-12个碳原子的脂肪族、脂环族、或芳族烃类。在本发明方法中优选使用的是二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯氟甲烷、氯二氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、氟二氯甲烷、氯三氟甲烷、氟三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷。在本发明方法中最优选使用的是氯仿。
在实施本发明的聚合方法时,助催化剂以足以实现所需聚烯烃生产的任何用量加入到金属茂催化剂的过渡金属组分中。优选以助催化剂与过渡金属组分的摩尔比为约0.5∶1到约10000∶1的范围使用助催化剂。在一个更优选的实施方案中,助催化剂与过渡金属组分的摩尔比范围是约0.5∶1到约1000∶1。
本发明的聚合方法可以采用任何合适的方法来实施,例如,溶液法、淤浆法和气相法。按照本发明用来生产聚烯烃聚合物的一种特别可取的方法是优选采用流化床反应器的气相聚合方法。此类型的反应器以及操作反应器的方法是熟知的并且完整地描述于美国专利3,709,853;4,003,712;4,011,382;4,012,573;4,302,566;4,543,399;4,882,400;5,352,749;5,541,270;加拿大专利991,798和比利时专利839,380中。这些专利公开了气相聚合方法,其中聚合介质或者被机械搅拌或者被气相单体和稀释剂的连续气流所流化。这些专利的全文并入本文作为参考文献。
一般来说,本发明的聚合方法可以连续气相方法如流化床方法来实施。用于本发明方法的流化床反应器通常包含一个反应区和一个所谓的减速区。反应区包含一个由生长中的聚合物颗粒、形成的聚合物颗粒和少量催化剂颗粒组成的床,这些颗粒被气相单体和稀释剂的连续气流所流化,气流经过反应区以除去聚合中的热量。任选地,一些循环气体可以被冷却和压缩以形成在重新进入反应区时能提高循环气流散热能力的液体。合适的气流速度可以通过简单的实验容易地确定。使气相单体补充到循环气流中的速率等于在颗粒状聚合物产物和与其相关的单体从反应器中排出的速率,并调节流经反应器的气体组成以使反应区内的气体组成基本保持稳定状态。离开反应区的气体流经减速区,在此夹带的颗粒被除去。较细小的夹带颗粒和粉尘可以在旋风除尘器和/或精制过滤器中除去。气体流经热交换器,在其中除去聚合热,在压缩机中压缩,然后返回到反应区。
更详细地说,在这里流化床方法的反应器温度范围是从约30℃到约150℃。考虑到反应器中聚合物产物的烧结温度,通常将反应器的操作温度调节到可行的最高温度。
本发明的方法适合于生产烯烃,特别是乙烯的均聚物,和/或烯烃,特别是乙烯和至少一种或多种其它烯烃的共聚物,三元共聚物之类。优选的烯烃是α-烯烃。这些烯烃,举例来说,可以含有2-16个碳原子。在这里采用本发明方法特别优选制备的是聚乙烯。这些聚乙烯优选是乙烯的均聚物以及乙烯和至少一种α-烯烃的共聚物,其中乙烯含量是所包括的总单体重量的至少大约50%。可以在此使用的烯烃的例子是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十六碳烯之类。在此还可以使用的是多烯如1,3-己二烯、1,4-己二烯、环戊二烯、二环戊二烯、4-乙烯基环己1-烯、1,5-环辛二烯、5-亚乙烯基-2-降冰片烯和5-乙烯基-2-降冰片烯,以及聚合介质中原位形成的烯烃。当烯烃在聚合介质中原位形成时,可能会形成含有长链支化的聚烯烃。
在实施本发明的聚合方法时,以任何方式加入一氧化二氮以用来减少聚合介质中的静电荷。例如,一氧化二氮可以加入到预先形成的催化剂中,在预聚合步骤期间加入到预聚物中,加入到预先形成的预聚物中和/或加入到聚合介质中。在使用时一氧化二氮可以任选地与助催化剂预先混合。一氧化二氮以足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平的任意用量加入。优选一氧化二氮在聚合介质中的加入量范围是约1ppm到约10000ppm(体积)。
在实施本发明的聚合方法时,卤代烃可以按照足以实现所需聚烯烃生产的任何用量加入到聚合介质中。优选在卤代烃与金属茂催化剂中过渡金属组分的摩尔比为约0.001∶1~约100∶1范围内加入卤代烃。在更优选的实施方案中,卤代烃与过渡金属组分的摩尔比范围是约0.001∶1~约10∶1。
按照本发明生产的聚烯烃的分子量能够以任何已知方式加以控制,例如,通过使用氢气。举例来说,聚乙烯分子量的控制可以由当聚合介质中氢气与乙烯的摩尔比增加时聚合物熔体指数(I2)的提高得到证实。
任何传统添加剂都可以添加到由本发明得到的聚烯烃中。添加剂的例子包括成核剂,热稳定剂,酚类、硫类和磷类抗氧化剂,润滑剂,抗静电剂,分散剂,铜损伤抑制剂,中和剂,发泡剂,增塑剂,消泡剂,阻燃剂,交联剂,流动促进剂如过氧化物,紫外线吸收剂,光稳定剂,防老化稳定剂,焊接强度改进剂,增滑剂,防粘剂,防雾剂,染料,颜料,天然油,合成油,蜡,填料和橡胶成分。
本发明的聚烯烃,特别是聚乙烯,可以用本领域内任何已知的技术制作成薄膜。例如,可以通过已知的流延成膜、吹塑成膜和挤出涂布技术来生产薄膜。
此外聚烯烃,特别是聚乙烯,还可以通过任何已知技术制作成其它制品,如模塑制品。
通过参照以下实施例将更容易理解本发明。当然一旦本发明完全公开,就会有许多对于本领域技术人员而言变得显而易见的本发明的其它形式,并且相应地将会认识到这些实施例只是出于说明的目的而列举的,并不理解为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
聚合方法
实施例1-12采用的聚合方法在此是在用于气相聚合的流化床反应器中进行的,此反应器由一个直径为0.74米、高度为7米的垂直圆筒和顶部的一个减速室组成。在反应器的下部有一个流化栅和一个用于气体循环的外部管道,此管道将减速室的顶部连接到反应器下部位于流化栅下面的某一位置。循环管道装配有用来使气体循环的压缩机以及传热装置如热交换器。具体地说,这些管道用来将乙烯;一种烯烃如1-丁烯、1-戊烯和1-己烯;氢气和氮气这些代表流经流化床的气体反应混合物中主要成分的气体进料到循环管道中。用来减少静电荷的一氧化二氮直接进料到循环管道中。在流化栅上方,反应器包含由重均直径约0.5mm~约1.4mm的颗粒构成的聚乙烯粉末组成的流化床。含有乙烯、烯烃共聚单体、氢气、氮气和少量其它组分的气体反应混合物在范围大约280psig(磅/平方英寸)~大约300psig(磅/平方英寸)的压力下和向上的流化速率,在此称之为流化速度,范围大约1.6英尺/秒~大约2.0英尺/秒的条件下流经流化床。
流化床中的静电荷用Auburn国际(有限)公司(丹佛,马萨诸塞州)提供的Correflow Model 3400型静电监测仪(ESM)进行测量。静电探针安装在反应器的垂直圆筒部位,高度为在聚合物颗粒流化床之中。静电探针测量聚合介质和地面之间的电流。静电荷的减少定义为检测电流绝对量的减少和/或检测电流变化率的减少
实施例1
如上所述实施该聚合方法。在此所用的烯烃是乙烯和1-己烯,氢气被用来控制分子量。金属茂催化剂含有承载在二氧化硅上的双(1-丁基-3-甲基环戊二烯基基)二氯化锆和甲基铝氧烷。乙烯/1-己烯共聚物可以在这样的条件下制备。
测量聚合反应器中的静电荷水平。此后,将一氧化二氮加入到聚合介质中并测量到静电荷水平如预期的那样减少。
实施例2
除不使用1-己烯以外,重复实施例1的方法,可以生产出乙烯的均聚物。测量聚合反应器中的静电荷水平。此后,将一氧化二氮加入到聚合介质中并测量到静电荷水平如预期的那样减少。
实施例3-7
除使用下列共聚单体代替1-己烯以外,重复实施例1的方法。
实施例3 丙烯
实施例4 1-丁烯
实施例5 1-戊烯
实施例6 4-甲基-1-戊烯
实施例7 1-辛烯
在每个上述实施例3-7中,由于在聚合介质中加入一氧化二氮而致使聚合介质中的静电荷水平如预期的那样减少。
实施例8-12
除用下列二氧化硅承载的金属茂催化剂来代替承载的金属茂催化剂以外,重复实施例1的方法。
实施例8 双(1-丁基-3-甲基环戊二烯基)二甲基锆和三
(全氟苯基)硼烷
实施例9 双(1-丁基-3-甲基环戊二烯基)二甲基锆和三
苯基甲基鎓四(全氟苯基)硼酸盐
实施例10 (叔丁酰氨基)二甲基(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯
基)硅烷钛二甲基和三苯基甲基鎓四(全氟苯
基)硼酸盐
实施例11 (叔丁酰氨基)二甲基(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯
基)硅烷钛二甲基和三(全氟苯基)硼烷
实施例12 (叔丁酰氨基)二甲基(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯
基)硅烷钛二甲基和甲基铝氧烷。
在每个上述实施例8-12中,由于在聚合介质中加入一氧化二氮而致使聚合介质中的静电荷水平如预期的那样减少。
由本发明的聚烯烃可以制备薄膜。
由本发明的聚烯烃还可以制备如模制件之类的制品。
应该清楚地认识到在此描述的本发明形式只是说明性的,而无意用来限制本发明的范围。本发明包括落在下列权利要求范围内的所有变换形式。
Claims (32)
1.使烯烃聚合和/或烯烃与至少一种或多种其它烯烃聚合的一种方法,它包括在聚合条件下使烯烃和/或烯烃与至少一种或多种其它烯烃与至少一种金属茂催化剂和一氧化二氮接触,该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,其中一氧化二氮的用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于在相同聚合方法中不存在一氧化二氮时所产生的静电荷水平。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中过渡金属组分中的金属包含至少一种选自这里定义的元素周期表中3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10族元素的金属。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其中金属选自由钛、锆、铪、钒和铬组成的组中。
4.按照权利要求3的方法,其中金属选自由钛、锆及其混合物组成的组中。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其中金属茂催化剂承载在载体上。
6.按照权利要求5的方法,其中载体选自由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氯化镁及其混合物组成的组中。
7.按照权利要求1的方法,此外还包括将卤代烃加入到聚合介质中。
8.按照权利要求7的方法,其中卤代烃选自由二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯氟甲烷、氯二氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、氟二氯甲烷、氯三氟甲烷、氟三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷组成的组中。
9.按照权利要求8的方法,其中卤代烃是氯仿。
10.按照权利要求1的方法,其中一氧化二氮以1ppm到10,000ppm体积的用量加入。
11.按照权利要求1的方法,其中聚合介质是气相。
12.按照权利要求1的方法,其中聚合介质是淤浆相。
13.按照权利要求1的方法,其中烯烃是乙烯,并且该至少一种或多种其它烯烃选自由具有3-16个碳原子的烯烃组成的组中。
14.按照权利要求13的方法,其中该至少一种或多种其它烯烃选自由1-辛烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-戊烯、1-丁烯和丙烯组成的组中。
15.按照权利要求13的方法,其中由乙烯和至少一种或多种烯烃聚合而成的共聚物包含至少占共聚物重量50%的乙烯。
16.减少聚合介质中静电荷的一种方法,该聚合介质包含烯烃和/或烯烃与至少一种或多种其它烯烃,至少一种金属茂催化剂,该催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属组分和至少一种助催化剂组分,其中过渡金属组分含有至少一种选自下列的部分:取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、取代或未取代的戊二烯基、取代或未取代的吡咯、取代或未取代的phosphole、取代或未取代的arsole、取代或未取代的boratabenzene、和取代或未取代的碳硼烷,该方法包括将一氧化二氮加入到聚合介质中,其用量为足以将聚合介质中的静电荷减少到低于不存在一氧化二氮时所得到的静电荷水平。
17.按照权利要求16的方法,其中过渡金属组分中的金属包含至少一种选自这里定义的元素周期表中3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10族元素的金属。
18.按照权利要求17的方法,其中金属选自由钛、锆、铪、钒和铬组成的组中。
19.按照权利要求18的方法,其中金属选自由钛、锆及其混合物组成的组中。
20.按照权利要求16的方法,其中金属茂催化剂承载在载体上。
21.按照权利要求20的方法,其中载体选自由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氯化镁及其混合物组成的组中。
22.按照权利要求16的方法,此外还包括将卤代烃加入到聚合介质中。
23.按照权利要求22的方法,其中卤代烃选自由二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯氟甲烷、氯二氟甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、氟二氯甲烷、氯三氟甲烷、氟三氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷组成的组中。
24.按照权利要求23的方法,其中卤代烃是氯仿。
25.按照权利要求16的方法,其中一氧化二氮以1ppm到10,000ppm体积的用量加入。
26.按照权利要求16的方法,其中聚合介质是气相。
27.按照权利要求16的方法,其中聚合介质是淤浆相。
28.按照权利要求16的方法,其中烯烃是乙烯,并且该至少一种或多种其它烯烃选自由具有3-16个碳原子的烯烃组成的组中。
29.按照权利要求28的方法,其中该至少一种或多种其它烯烃选自由1-辛烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-戊烯、1-丁烯和丙烯组成的组中。
30.按照权利要求28的方法,其中由乙烯和至少一种或多种烯烃聚合而成的共聚物包含至少占共聚物重量50%的乙烯。
31.由按照权利要求1生产出来的聚烯烃制造的一种薄膜。
32.由按照权利要求1生产出来的聚烯烃制造的一种制品。
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BR9917469B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
US20010044505A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
JP2003522221A (ja) | 2003-07-22 |
DE69919412T2 (de) | 2005-01-13 |
KR20020025999A (ko) | 2002-04-04 |
KR100626476B1 (ko) | 2006-09-20 |
CA2381913A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
DE69919412D1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
EP1208121B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
BR9917469A (pt) | 2002-04-30 |
US6586538B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
TW523524B (en) | 2003-03-11 |
WO2001016189A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
MXPA02001972A (es) | 2002-08-20 |
CN1367797A (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
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