BR9917469A - Processos para polimerizar uma olefina e/ou uma olefina e pelo menos uma ou mais outras olefinas e papa reduztr carga eletrostática em um meio de polimerização, filme, e, artigo - Google Patents
Processos para polimerizar uma olefina e/ou uma olefina e pelo menos uma ou mais outras olefinas e papa reduztr carga eletrostática em um meio de polimerização, filme, e, artigoInfo
- Publication number
- BR9917469A BR9917469A BR9917469-3A BR9917469A BR9917469A BR 9917469 A BR9917469 A BR 9917469A BR 9917469 A BR9917469 A BR 9917469A BR 9917469 A BR9917469 A BR 9917469A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- olefin
- olefins
- reduce electrostatic
- electrostatic charge
- article
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/34—Polymerisation in gaseous state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/607—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound
- C08F4/609—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic
- C08F4/6093—Catalysts containing a specific non-metal or metal-free compound organic containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61916—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/65925—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually non-bridged
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/901—Monomer polymerized in vapor state in presence of transition metal containing catalyst
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
"PROCESSOS PARA POLIMERIZAR UMA OLEFINA E/OU UMA OLEFINA E PELO MENOS UMA OU MAIS OUTRAS OLEFINAS E PARA REDUZIR CARGA ELETROSTáTICA EM UM MEIO DE POLIMERIZAçãO, FILME, E, ARTIGO". Um processo para produzir homopolímeros e interpolímeros de olefinas que envolve o contato de uma olefina e/ou uma olefina e pelo menos uma ou mais outras olefinas sob condições de polimerização com um catalisador de metaloceno e monóxido de dinitrogênio em quantidades suficientes para reduzir a carga eletrostática no meio de polimerização. Também é fornecido um processo para reduzir carga eletrostática na produção de poliolefinas através da introdução de monóxido de dinitrogênio no meio de polimerização.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38759899A | 1999-08-31 | 1999-08-31 | |
PCT/US1999/022959 WO2001016189A1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-10-14 | Process for producing polyolefins |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9917469A true BR9917469A (pt) | 2002-04-30 |
BR9917469B1 BR9917469B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
Family
ID=23530588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI9917469-3A BR9917469B1 (pt) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-10-14 | processo para polimerizar uma olefina e/ou uma olefina e pelo menos uma ou mais outras olefinas, filme, e, artigo. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6586538B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1208121B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2003522221A (pt) |
KR (1) | KR100626476B1 (pt) |
CN (2) | CN101195667A (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9917469B1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2381913A1 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69919412T2 (pt) |
MX (1) | MXPA02001972A (pt) |
TW (1) | TW523524B (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2001016189A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6187879B1 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-13 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
US8008412B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2011-08-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymer production at supersolution conditions |
US7524910B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2009-04-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin adhesive compositions and articles made therefrom |
US7700707B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2010-04-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin adhesive compositions and articles made therefrom |
US7053158B2 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2006-05-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Carborane trianion based catalyst |
US7683140B2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2010-03-23 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for determining temperature value indicative of resin stickiness from data generated by polymerization reaction monitoring |
US7754830B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2010-07-13 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization reaction monitoring with determination of induced condensing agent concentration for preventing discontinuity events |
MY135431A (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2008-04-30 | Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc | Polymerization process |
WO2006019494A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-02-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymer production at supercritical conditions |
US7429404B2 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2008-09-30 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Methods of selectively incorporating metals onto substrates |
KR20060028603A (ko) | 2004-09-25 | 2006-03-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 안사-메탈로센 화합물, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한폴리올레핀의 제조방법 |
WO2008008169A2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-17 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Using electrical probes for detecting impurities in reactor systems |
BRPI0716543B1 (pt) * | 2006-09-07 | 2018-08-07 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Método para determinação em tempo real do grau de pegajosidade de resinas utilizando um modelo para depressão da temperatura de iniciação de fusão |
BRPI0716245B1 (pt) * | 2006-09-07 | 2018-07-31 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Método para determinação do valor da temperatura, indicativo de pegajosidade de resina, a partir de dados gerados por monitoração da reação de polimerização |
US8242237B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2012-08-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Phase separator and monomer recycle for supercritical polymerization process |
WO2008150572A1 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Super-solution homogeneous propylene polymerization |
US8318875B2 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2012-11-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Super-solution homogeneous propylene polymerization and polypropylenes made therefrom |
US8087412B2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2012-01-03 | Ansell Healthcare Products Llc | Dip-formed synthetic polyisoprene latex articles with improved intraparticle and interparticle crosslinks |
CN103003315B (zh) * | 2011-06-24 | 2016-06-15 | 沙特基础工业爱思开Nexlene私人有限公司 | 具有优异共聚性能的过渡金属催化体系以及使用其制备乙烯均聚物或乙烯与α-烯烃的共聚物的方法 |
CN105330955B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2018-01-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种抗冲聚丙烯的制备方法 |
US10662269B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-05-26 | Lifestyles Healthcare Pte. Ltd. | Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polyisoprene articles |
KR20220016163A (ko) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-02-08 | 보레알리스 아게 | 촉매 시스템의 개선된 제조 방법 |
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US5416175A (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1995-05-16 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Method for reducing sheeting during polymerization of α-olefins |
CN1119355C (zh) | 1994-06-24 | 2003-08-27 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 聚合催化剂体系,其制备和应用 |
US5625012A (en) | 1994-06-29 | 1997-04-29 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for reducing polymer build-up in recycle lines and heat exchangers during polymerization of alpha olefins |
US5468702A (en) | 1994-07-07 | 1995-11-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for making a catalyst system |
US5453471B1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1999-02-09 | Carbide Chemicals & Plastics T | Gas phase polymerization process |
JP3517471B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-28 | 2004-04-12 | 三井化学株式会社 | 環状オレフィン共重合体の製造方法 |
US5677375A (en) | 1995-07-21 | 1997-10-14 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for producing an in situ polyethylene blend |
US5731392A (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1998-03-24 | Mobil Oil Company | Static control with TEOS |
US6291613B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2001-09-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the polymerization of olefins |
EP1860127B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2011-01-12 | Westlake Longview Corporation | Process for the polymerization of olefins; polyethylenes, and films and articles produced therefrom |
US6191238B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
US6187879B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-13 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
-
1999
- 1999-10-14 EP EP99951737A patent/EP1208121B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-14 KR KR1020027002631A patent/KR100626476B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-14 WO PCT/US1999/022959 patent/WO2001016189A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-14 CA CA002381913A patent/CA2381913A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-14 BR BRPI9917469-3A patent/BR9917469B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-14 JP JP2001520746A patent/JP2003522221A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-14 DE DE1999619412 patent/DE69919412T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-14 CN CNA2007100878092A patent/CN101195667A/zh active Pending
- 1999-10-14 CN CN99816882A patent/CN1367797A/zh active Pending
- 1999-10-14 MX MXPA02001972A patent/MXPA02001972A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-27 TW TW088118571A patent/TW523524B/zh active
-
2001
- 2001-05-15 US US09/855,829 patent/US6586538B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA02001972A (es) | 2002-08-20 |
DE69919412D1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
DE69919412T2 (de) | 2005-01-13 |
TW523524B (en) | 2003-03-11 |
JP2003522221A (ja) | 2003-07-22 |
CN101195667A (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
KR20020025999A (ko) | 2002-04-04 |
EP1208121B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
EP1208121A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
CA2381913A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
CN1367797A (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
WO2001016189A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
US20010044505A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
US6586538B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
BR9917469B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
KR100626476B1 (ko) | 2006-09-20 |
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