CN101171011A - 用于治疗食欲紊乱的含有1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪的药物组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗食欲紊乱的含有1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
外消旋(R,S)形式或(S)对映异构体形式的式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪或者其与可药用有机或无机酸的加成盐的药学用途,其中R是具有1-3个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。药物组合物,其中含有治疗有效量的前述式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪或者其与可药用有机或无机酸的加成盐和至少一种可药用赋型剂。
Description
本发明涉及具有手性中心(S)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪及其可药用酸加成盐的药学用途。
更具体地说,本发明涉及具有手性中心(S)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪及其可药用酸加成盐在治疗食欲紊乱(appetite disorders)中的用途。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,表述″具有手性中心(S)″在使用时是指外消旋产物(R,S)和单个(S)对映异构体。
专利US3 253 989描述了下式的N-苯基哌嗪
其中R是H、m-Cl、p-Cl、m-CH3或p-CH3,
其具有减食欲活性。
此外,文献中描述了其它具有减少食欲活性(hypophagia-inducing activity)的N-苯基哌嗪,例如间三氟甲基苯基哌嗪(TFMPP)(Eur J Pharmacol,1987;141:429)。
然而,N-苯基哌嗪的应用受到CNS副作用的限制,后者引起情绪和行为发生变化,诱导了焦虑状态出现,通常导致恐慌发作。有关试验研究清楚证实了减少大鼠社会相互作用时间的诸如间氯苯基-哌嗪(mCPP)和TFMPP的化合物具有抗焦虑作用(Eur J Pharmacol,1989;164:445-54)。此外,还证实mCPP在焦虑患者中诱导和/或加重了恐慌发作,在强制性障碍患者中诱导和/或加重了强迫症,在精神分裂症患者的酒精和可卡因上瘾中诱导和/或加重了欣快感(Pharmacol Rev,1991;43:527;Biol Psychiatr,1991;30:1139;Arch GenPsychiatr,1993;50:624;Arch Gen Psychiatr,1993;50:1001;Arch Gen Psychiatr,1994;51:898)。
苯基哌嗪上述严重的副作用在慢性病理中代表了一种严重缺陷,后者从社会角度来看非常重要,例如肥胖。实际上,肥胖可以被认为是一种慢性病理状态,是由教养、心理和遗传因素之间复杂的相互作用引起的。
肥胖以按体重(kg)/[高度(m)]2计算的BMI(体重指数)方式定义。目前,BMI低于25被认为正常,25-29.9被认为超重,BMI高于30则是肥胖信号。
超重和肥胖的一个共同原因在于热卡摄取量过度,热卡未被机体利用而是积蓄在脂肪组织中。
脂肪组织一旦积蓄后,其减少就受到一系列复杂的重叠的神经内分泌系统阻碍。这种反调节机理可以被研究开发用于阻止食物剥夺和胎儿或新生儿体重减轻,可以引起食欲和新陈代谢发生变化,使得很难实现针对性地减轻体重。
在最近的几十年里,肥胖的流行呈指数级增加,在欧洲和美国已经达到流行性指数。最新预测表明,尽管公共卫生服务在不断努力,但是超重和肥胖对象的健康问题仍然不断增多。据统计,七大主要市场(美国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、英国和日本)的肥胖成人数量注定将由2000年的95百万上升至2010年的139百万。不到25%的潜在患者被诊断为肥胖,其中不到20%在接受药物治疗。
上述低百分比的患者接受药物治疗是因为可利用的药物治疗的效果有限。因此,目前可利用的药物仅仅在不到50%的治疗患者中成功使得最初体重减轻5-10%。
同时还考虑到与肥胖相关的社会成本问题,因此在最近30年里,对有效的药物治疗的需要在不断增加。实际上很多研究表明,超重明显增加了由包括糖尿病、高血压、血脂障碍、冠心病、充血性心力衰竭和心肌梗塞在内的各种病症引起的发病率增加。此外,体重增加通常还与发病率一般性增加有关。
WO93/14091描述了式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪:
其中R是具有1-3个碳原子的烷基,其用作制备曲唑酮的烷基衍生物的中间体。
M.Giannageli等人.″Effect of Modifications of theAlkylpiperazine Moiety of Trazodone on 5-HT2A and α1 ReceptorBinding Affinity″Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1999,Vol.42:336-345描述了分别使用(+)和(-)-酒石酸分离其中R是甲基的式(I)化合物的两种S和R对映异构体的方法。此外,作者还描述了其中R是甲基的式(I)化合物的(S)对映异构体的立体有择性合成。
然而迄今为止,尚未报道过式(I)具有治疗活性。
现在业已发现,具有(S)手性中心的式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪、包括外消旋(R,S)和单一的(S)对映异构体形式在食欲紊乱的治疗中具有活性,且令人惊喜的是没有抗焦虑副作用。
此外,甚至更出人意料地发现,主要是(S)构型的对映异构体具有上述特性。
因此,本发明第一方面涉及外消旋(R,S)形式或(S)对映异构体形式的式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪或者其与可药用有机或无机酸的加成盐的药学用途,
其中
R是具有1-3个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
上述药学用途优选包括治疗食欲紊乱。
所述食欲紊乱典型地选自饮食过量、食欲过盛和肥胖。
本发明第二方面涉及药物组合物,其中包括治疗有效量的外消旋(R,S)形式或(S)对映异构体形式的式(I)的1-(3-氯苯基)-3-烷基哌嗪或者其与可药用有机或无机酸的加成盐
其中
R是具有1-3个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,
和至少一种可药用赋型剂。
优选R是甲基或乙基。更优选R是甲基。
式(I)化合物有利地是(S)构型的对映异构体。
所述有机酸典型地选自马来酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。
相应地,所述无机酸典型地选自盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸和硫酸。
优选的酸是盐酸。
在式(I)化合物为(S)构型的情形中,可以使用旋光性酸例如乳酸和酒石酸,均为天然L(+)形式。在该情形中,优选的酸是L(+)酒石酸。
外消旋(R,S)形式的式(I)化合物可以由已知技术制备,例如WO93/14091中所述的反应流程图3。
为(S)构型的对映异构体也可以由已知技术制备,例如M.Giannangeli等人(loc.cit.)描述的方法。
本发明化合物的抗焦虑活性通过本领域的社会相互作用测试进行研究。该测试是本领域技术人员已知的,代表了预期对人体影响的试验模型。
大鼠在被置于不熟悉的环境中时,其正常的社会相互作用(嗅闻、咬(nipping)、理毛行为)通常受到抑制。测量几对动物彼此相互影响并勘查其周围环境(通常是由Perspex容器组成的区域)所消耗的时间构成了用于证实某物质影响社会行为的作用的模型。众所周知的是,社会相互作用测试在大鼠行为和人焦虑状态之间显示出很多相似性,因而证明是用于证实对情绪的影响、包括抗焦虑和缓解焦虑类型的有用工具。
式(I)化合物减少食欲的活性通过验证不进食大鼠的食物消耗情况加以证实。
如本领域技术人员已知的那样,前述试验模型还可以看作是对人体作用的预期。
检查在不进食大鼠中的食物消耗情况代表了复制调节人饥饿感和食物摄取的复杂体系的条件。实际上,禁食引起很多生理变化,后者可以导致特异性由控制食物摄取引起的回路(circuit)激活。众所周知,该模型的使用构成了鉴定物质是否能够影响食欲紊乱的有效工具,因此尤其可用于监测诸如饮食过量、食欲过盛和肥胖的病症。
优选将本发明的药物组合物制备成含有有效剂量的至少一种式(I)化合物或其与有机或无机酸的可药用盐和至少一种可药用惰性成分的适宜剂型。
适宜剂型的实例是用于口服给药的片剂、胶囊剂、包衣片剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂和糖浆剂;用于经皮给药的含药贴剂;用于直肠给药的栓剂以及可注射无菌溶液剂。
其它适宜的剂型是缓释剂型以及基于脂质体的剂型,用于通过口服、注射或经皮途径给药。
剂型还可以含有其它常规成分,例如:防腐剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、缓冲剂、用于调节渗透压的盐、乳化剂、甜味剂、着色剂、芳香剂等。
如果特定治疗要求需要的话,本发明的药物组合物可以含有其它协同给药是有益的药理活性成分。
式(I)化合物或其可药用酸加成盐在本发明药物组合物中的用量可以随各种已知因素变化,例如病理类型、疾病严重程度、患者体重、剂型、所选择的给药途径、日剂量的数量和所选择式(I)化合物的效力。然而,选择最佳的剂量对于本领域技术人员而言是简单且常规的方式。
典型地,式(I)化合物或其可药用酸加成盐在本发明药物组合物中的用量应当足以保证给药水平达到0.001-100mg/kg/天。优选给药水平为0.05-50mg/kg/天,甚至更优选为0.1-10mg/kg/天。
本发明药物组合物的剂型可以通过药剂师所熟知的技术制备,包括混合、制粒、压制、溶出、灭菌等。
试验部分
1.制备
本发明化合物可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。
参照下表1,外消旋化合物1通过WO93/14091实施例4所述的方法制备,其中两种对映异构体2和3分别使用(+)和(-)-酒石酸如M.Giannangeli等人(loc.cit.)所述进行分离。
前述方法还可以用于制备其中R是乙基或丙基的本发明化合物。
用作对照化合物的间氯苯基-哌嗪(mCPP)通过US3 253 989中描述的方法制备。
表1
2.在大鼠中的抗焦虑活性(社会相互作用测试)
使用称重150-250g的雄性CD大鼠。
将动物置于具有光亮和黑暗的可控周期(6:00-18:00)的房间中。为了加快驯化,消除由紧张状况引起的反应,用手触摸大鼠并且每天向其注射溶媒(水),在施用测试化合物之前持续4天。
在第5天,动物使用测试化合物进行腹膜内治疗,20分钟后,测量动物在10分钟期间相互作用的时间(秒)。
结果如图1所示,表明使用本发明化合物治疗的动物的相互作用时间为对照动物(仅注射水或者未接受治疗)的大约90-95%,而使用对照化合物(mCPP)治疗的动物的相互作用时间为对照动物的大约50%。
因此,上述测试证实本发明化合物几乎没有抗焦虑活性。
使用其中R是乙基或丙基的本发明化合物也可以获得类似结果。
3.在不进食大鼠中的减少食欲活性
使用称重300-350g的雄性CD大鼠。
将动物置于具有光亮和黑暗的可控周期(6:00-18:00)的房间中。在测试前,即在对应白天的9:30,将动物禁食24h。在禁食期结束时,动物使用溶解于水溶媒中的测试化合物(10mg/kg)口服治疗,治疗后马上使其可获得预定重量的食物。治疗1小时后,通过称重残留食物的量评价食物消耗情况。对照动物使用用于施用测试化合物的溶媒(水)进行口服治疗。
结果如图2A和2B所示。
图2A表明,使用本发明的外消旋化合物(化合物1)治疗的动物所消耗的食物量比对照动物所消耗的食物量低大约28%。
图2B表明,使用本发明的(S)对映异构体(化合物2)和(R)对映异构体治疗的动物所消耗的食物量比对照动物所消耗的食物量分别低大约75-80%和20%。
因此图2B表明,本发明外消旋化合物的减少食欲活性几乎完全归功于(S)对映异构体。
使用其中R是乙基或丙基的本发明化合物也可以获得类似结果。
4.药物组合物
4.1片剂
含有本发明化合物作为有效成分的片剂具有下述组成:
有效成分 50mg
乳糖一水合物 161mg
磷酸氢钙二水合物 161mg
微晶纤维素 95mg
玉米淀粉 30mg
羧甲基胺化钠 24mg
聚维酮 11mg
硬脂酸镁 3mg
4.2可注射溶液剂
小瓶含有5ml含本发明化合物作为有效成分的注射溶液剂。所述溶液剂具有下述组成:
有效成分 25mg
山梨糖醇 q.s.f.等渗溶液
灭菌注射用水 q.s.f.5ml
4.3颗粒剂
药囊含有5.23g含本发明化合物作为有效成分的水分散性颗粒剂。所述颗粒剂具有下述组成:
有效成分 50mg
麦芽糖醇 1300mg
甘露醇 2700mg
蔗糖 1000mg
柠檬酸 15mg
阿斯巴特 15mg
调味剂 150mg
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其特征在于所述药学用途包括治疗食欲紊乱。
3.根据权利要求2的用途,其特征在于所述食欲紊乱选自饮食过量、食欲过盛和肥胖。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的用途,其特征在于R是甲基或乙基。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项的用途,其特征在于R是甲基。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的用途,其特征在于式(I)化合物是(S)构型的对映异构体。
7.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的用途,其特征在于所述有机酸选自马来酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任意一项的用途,其特征在于所述无机酸选自盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸和硫酸。
9.根据权利要求1-6中任意一项的用途,其特征在于所述酸是盐酸。
10.根据权利要求6的用途,其特征在于所述酸选自L(+)乳酸和L(+)酒石酸。
12.根据权利要求11的药物组合物,其特征在于R是甲基或乙基。
13.根据权利要求11的药物组合物,其特征在于R是甲基。
14.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的药物组合物,其特征在于式(I)化合物是(S)构型的对映异构体。
15.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的药物组合物,其特征在于所述有机酸选自马来酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。
16.根据权利要求11-14中任意一项的药物组合物,其特征在于所述无机酸选自盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸和硫酸。
17.根据权利要求11-14中任意一项的药物组合物,其特征在于所述酸是盐酸。
18.根据权利要求14的药物组合物,其特征在于所述酸选自L(+)乳酸和L(+)酒石酸。
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EA200800125A1 (ru) | 2008-04-28 |
EA012443B1 (ru) | 2009-10-30 |
JP5142991B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
AU2006261296B9 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
KR101324689B1 (ko) | 2013-11-04 |
DE602006006827D1 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
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