CN101166647A - 轨行机车的停车制动器 - Google Patents

轨行机车的停车制动器 Download PDF

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CN101166647A
CN101166647A CNA2006800147211A CN200680014721A CN101166647A CN 101166647 A CN101166647 A CN 101166647A CN A2006800147211 A CNA2006800147211 A CN A2006800147211A CN 200680014721 A CN200680014721 A CN 200680014721A CN 101166647 A CN101166647 A CN 101166647A
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rotor
parking brake
motor
railway vehicle
brake
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CN101166647B (zh
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汉斯·伯格纳
蒂罗·霍夫曼
安德烈亚斯·乔克尔
马丁·泰克曼
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
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    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B60L15/2018—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking for braking on a slope
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    • H02P2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the means for detecting the position of the rotor
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种轨道上运行的机车(1)的停车制动器，其中，停车制动器借助至少一台电机(2)实现，它有一个转子和一个定子。在这里设电机(2)控制装置，它如此控制电机(2)，即，使转子在定子内的位置在外部作用扭矩时保持不变。也就是说，现在利用电机(2)作为停车制动器取代气动式停车制动器。由此以有利的方式在按本发明的停车制动器工作期间不会产生磨损，因为产生磁性的停车制动力而不是通过机械力。另一个优点是在按本发明的停车制动器工作时不发出噪声。此外，当用作停车制动器的电机(2)也用作驱动电机时可以防止起动时急冲。

Description

轨行机车的停车制动器
本发明涉及一种轨道上运行的机车的停车制动器，其中，停车制动器借助至少一台电机实现，该电机有一个转子和一个定子。
在铁路交通中使用机车，用来牵引货车或客车。对于允许运行客车的电动和轨行机车，除了常用的发电式电制动器外还有气动、液压或电操纵的机械式(备用)制动器。对于常用的发电式电制动器，机车的永磁同步电动机可以作为发电机运行，它在转子上有永久磁铁。运行时只借助常用的发电式电制动器将机车置于停车状态。在车站或在停车站一旦车辆处于停车状态便使用机械式制动器。因此，机械式制动器用作停车制动器。在车站，停车制动器的功能必须在工作上非常可靠地实现，因为在旅客换乘时车辆在任何情况下均不允许无意中运动。
例如由EP0875433B1已知，可以如何设计用于铁路机车车辆的机械式停车制动器的结构。由US5564795已知，可以如何设计气动停车制动器及其控制装置的结构。在这两种情况下的停车制动器其机械结构均比较复杂。
当然，在操纵和松开轨行机车的气动停车制动器时要耗用大量压缩空气，它们必须昂贵和效率低下地用一个电动式压缩机产生。也就是说，为了运行气动停车制动器要消耗许多能量。此外，在松开机械式停车制动器时影响乘车舒适性，因为在松开并与此同时起动轨行机车时可能引起急冲。在机械式停车制动器中这会导致闸瓦、机械制动部件磨损，以及在气动停车制动器的情况下还可能导致压缩机磨损。此外，在操纵和松开气动停车制动器时产生噪声。
因此本发明的目的是，提供一种轨行机车的停车制动器，它比气动停车制动器消耗的能量少，以及通过它改善乘车舒适性。此外，按本发明的停车制动器应没有磨损和产生很轻的噪声。
此目的按本发明采取下列措施达到：设电机控制装置，它如此控制电机，即，使转子在定子内的位置即使有从外部作用的扭矩仍能保持不变。
也就是说，现在利用电机作为停车制动器取代机械式停车制动器。由此以有利的方式在按本发明的停车制动器工作期间不产生磨损，因为产生磁性的停车制动力而不是通过机械力。另一个优点是在按本发明的停车制动器工作时不发出噪声。此外，当用作停车制动器的电机也用作驱动电机时可以防止起动时急冲。
本发明另一项有利的设计规定，为电机的控制装置配设一个位置调节器，以便将转子调整为规定位置。由此特别有利地保证轨行机车的停车状态。
转子的角向位置可借助转子位置传感器确定。与之不同，转子的角向位置也可以借助一个转子位置模型根据电气参数，例如通过评估转子的磁不对称性确定，这种磁不对称性是由转子在定子内的位置形成的。在这里评估电气参数，例如输入电压或流入电机内的电流。所述的评估以转子取决于位置的电感差为基础。正是借助上述用于确定转子角向位置的可能性，所以能特别准确地实现位置调整。若借助转子位置模型确定角向位置，则也可以有利地省去转子位置传感器。
此外，有利地为控制装置配设一个变流器-功率部件。电机可例如设计为异步电动机，或也可以设计为在转子上有永久磁铁的永磁同步电动机。在后一种情况下，停车制动器也可以采取下述措施设计得特别坚固耐用，即，给永磁同步电动机的定子馈送直流电，以达到制动作用。直流电可以由电池或与之不同通过整流器提供。
下面借助附图表示的实施例详细说明本发明以及本发明按从属权利要求特征的其他有利的设计，但并不因此将本发明限于此实施例。其中：
图1表示一台轨道上运行的机车。
此外，轨行机车1的常用制动器完全发电式地(generatorisch)通过一台电机实现。可以借助同一台电机2或另一台电机进行驱动。在调好的驱动和制动系统故障时，紧急制动器通过永磁同步电动机的发电式馈电提供紧急制动阻力。这种永磁同步电动机可以与用作驱动器的电机或也可与用作常用制动器的电机一致。
现在，按本发明使用电机2作为停车制动器取代机械式制动器。这种电机也可以用作常用制动器、紧急制动器或也可以用作驱动器。
在这里电机2控制为，使转子在定子内的位置即使有从外部作用的扭矩仍能保持不变。电机2借助位置调节器控制为，将转子调整为规定位置。为了优化位置调节器的工作，需要有关转子实际位置的信息。这可以借助转子位置传感器或借助转子位置模型确定。为转子位置模型使用一些电气测量参数。借助电气参数评估转子位置模型可以以评估转子的磁不对称性或评估转子取决于位置的电感差为基础。
电机2在作为停车制动器工作时借助变流器-功率部件馈送电流。此外，电机2可以设计为异步电动机或也可以设计为永磁同步电动机。
在后一种情况下，停车制动器还可以采取措施更简单地实现，即，给永磁同步电动机馈送直流电，以达到制动作用。直流电可以由电池或与之不同通过整流器提供。

Claims (19)

1.一种轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其中，该停车制动器借助至少一台电机(2)实现，该电机(2)有一个转子和一个定子，其特征为：设有电机(2)控制装置，它如此控制电机(2)，即，使转子在定子内的位置在外部作用扭矩时保持不变。
2.按照权利要求1所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，为所述控制装置配设一个位置调节器，借助它将转子调整为规定位置。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，为所述控制装置配设一个转子位置传感器，借助它确定转子的角向位置。
4.按照权利要求1至3中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，为所述控制装置配设一个机构，该机构借助一个转子位置模型根据电气参数确定转子的角向位置。
5.按照权利要求4所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，所述转子角向位置的确定以评估转子的磁不对称性为基础。
6.按照权利要求4所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，所述转子角向位置的确定以评估转子取决于位置的电感差为基础。
7.按照权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，为所述控制装置配设一个变流器-功率部件，借助它可给电机(2)馈送电流。
8.按照权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，所述电机(2)是异步电动机。
9.按照权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，所述电机(2)是永磁同步电动机。
10.按照权利要求9所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器，其特征为，所述电机(2)的控制装置有一种工作方式，按此工作方式给永磁同步电动机的定子馈送直流电，以达到制动作用。
11.一种包括至少一个按照权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述停车制动器的轨行机车(1)。
12.一种轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其中，该停车制动器借助至少一台电机(2)实现，该电机(2)有一个转子和一个定子，其特征为：如此控制电机(2)，即，使转子在定子内的位置在外部作用扭矩时保持不变。
13.按照权利要求12所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，将转子调整到规定位置。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，借助转子位置传感器确定转子的角向位置。
15.按照权利要求12至14中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，借助一个转子位置模型根据电气参数确定转子的角向位置。
16.按照权利要求15所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，借助评估转子的磁不对称性确定转子的角向位置。
17.按照权利要求15所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，借助评估转子取决于位置的电感差确定转子的角向位置。
18.按照权利要求12至17中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，借助变流器-功率部件给电机(2)馈送电流。
19.按照权利要求12至18中一项或多项所述的轨行机车(1)的停车制动器的工作方法，其特征为，所述电机(2)是永磁同步电动机，以及，给该永磁同步电动机的定子馈送直流电，以达到制动作用。
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