CN101164408B - Application of waste rubber granule in preventing and treating harmful nematode of lawn matrix soil - Google Patents
Application of waste rubber granule in preventing and treating harmful nematode of lawn matrix soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101164408B CN101164408B CN2007100597879A CN200710059787A CN101164408B CN 101164408 B CN101164408 B CN 101164408B CN 2007100597879 A CN2007100597879 A CN 2007100597879A CN 200710059787 A CN200710059787 A CN 200710059787A CN 101164408 B CN101164408 B CN 101164408B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an application of waste and old rubber granules filled in the lawn matrix for controlling soil injurious nematode. It is characterized by uniformly mixing (by weight portion) 5-25 portions of waste and old rubber granules whose grain size is 0.5-1mm, 50-200 portions of inoculation soil and 100-300 portions of sterile soil, then sowing a certain quantity of lawn plant seeds, inoculating soil nematode and cultivating lawn, after three months observing that in wake of increment of waste and old rubber granules ratio the total quantity of soil injurious nematodes can be obviously reduced, the growth of soil injurious nematode in lawn matrix can obtain obvious inhibition so as to attain the goal of improving lawn matrix quality, controlling growth of lawn matrix injurious nematode, prolonging service life of lawn and reducing lawn management cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Gardener's technology field of lawn planting, particularly relate to the application of waste and old rubber particle in control soil harmful nematode that lawn matrix is filled
Background technology
Soil nematodes (Soil nematode) has become the focus and the advanced subject of international ecological area research as the research of soil health indicator organism.Soil nematodes has following feature: (1) nematode is that structure is the simplest maximum with quantity in all multicellular organisms, and they are ubiquitous; (2) in soil, nematode lives in the very thin moisture film of one deck, and their permeable body film directly contacts with the soil microenvironment; (3) when environment is disturbed, because a little less than the transfer ability, they mainly spend adverse circumstance by the variation (as dehydration or fasting state) of other modes; (4) nematode occupies a lot of crucial link of soil food web, and their feeding habits are wide and can be eaten by a lot of other biologicals; (5) health of nematode is transparent, simple in structurely easily distinguishes; (6) 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of nematode is in close relations; (7) nematode is very responsive to the variation of envirment factor.Soil nematodes is maximum in a soil animal monoid, the whole world annual by harmful nematode cause with a toll of huge, nematocide has various chemical agents, have adopt the omnivorousness nematoda control, also have chemical agent to combine with biological control.
Waste old (Waste rubber) is the second largest waste polymer material except that plastics.Waste old is mainly derived from waste rubber product, and fragmentations such as the tire of both having scrapped, sebific duct, adhesive tape, manpower tire, rubber overshoes, industrial sundry goods form.A part is from tailing that produces in rubber plant's production process and waste product in addition.Processing mode mainly contains: reduce waste material, whole use, regeneration.Regeneration mainly contains two kinds of methods; By mechanical means particulate, promptly so-called micelle or rubber powder are pulverized or ground to form to waste old; Destroy vulcanizate chemistry network structure by desulfur technology and make so-called reclaimed rubber.
The waste old grain has been widely used in lawn planting at present, and it not only can improve the elasticity on lawn, can also protect the sportsman to avoid tumble injury when strenuous exercise, can be used for athletic grounds such as football field, golf course.Chinese patent CN2525785, CN2542038 all discloses rubber particles and has improved the using method on the vegetation lawn of growing, it be with the rubber particles elastic layer be sprinkling upon careless bizet position on the vegetation lawn of growing around, can reduce grass to greatest extent and go up the damage of motion careless bizet position, also make artificial any strenuous exercise on the meadow that the injury of grass is reduced to minimum level, the vegetation lawn healthy growth that assurance is being grown, green and attractive in appearance, also can make the lawn have flexibility, smooth, neat surface, improve the ground temperature of soil in the winter time.
Studies show that the waste old grain is added on the lawn can be reduced the soil compact substanceization, help the moisture capacity that move, can improve soil of moisture in soil.But the person that makes the turf management most headache is that harmful nematode, damage by disease and insect in the lawn can make the lawn bleach, turn brown, growing way is not good even cause the lawn dead in flakes, in order to prolong the use that the lawn has, normal use nematicide various chemical agents, have adopt the omnivorousness nematoda control, also have chemical agent to prevent and treat with biological the combination, the excess agricultural chemicals maintenance lawn of sandblasting is adopted in the place that also has, the result has killed insect but to have polluted soil, rainy season particularly, rainwater is flushed to surrounding enviroment to agricultural chemicals residual in the lawn, people and animals has been caused serious injury for a long time in the past.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose the influence of waste and old rubber particle to soil animal.The application of waste and old rubber particle in control soil harmful nematode especially for the lawn matrix filling.
The inventor is in the process of development soil nematodes to the influence of field ecosystem structure of community and harmful nematode, the extermination of disease and insect pest; the unexpected discovery makes up lawn controlled lawn matrix soil nematode generation with the rubber grain matrix of filling different specific weight; further carry out a large amount of experiments based on above-mentioned discovery, utilized the rubber grain matrix of inoculation equal number soil nematodes, filling different specific weight to make up the lawn.Cultivate the lawn after 3 months the inoculation soil nematodes, experiment is found under inoculation equal number soil nematodes condition, harmful nematode quantity is filled the increase of ratio in the soil with rubber grain, harmful nematode quantity significantly reduces, notable difference (P＜0.05) between managing throughout, the soil harmful nematode is arranged, the difference of phytophagy nematode and omnivorousness nematode has also reached significance level (P＜0.05), PPI, MI, the PPI/MI index also has significant difference between turf establishment system that the waste old grain is arranged and no waste old grain turf establishment system, this all can well react the information that soil quality changes.As seen, make up the turf establishment system and can be beneficial to and improve the lawn matrix quality to fill the waste old grain, thereby the present invention has been finished in the generation of control harmful nematode of lawn matrix soil.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of application that is used for the waste and old rubber particle of lawn matrix filling at control soil harmful nematode is characterized in that, waste old grain and inoculation are mixed with soil and sterile soil, sows a certain amount of lawn plant then; Wherein particle diameter is waste old grain 5-25 part of 0.5-1mm, inoculates with native 50-200 part, sterile soil 100-300 part.
Application of the present invention, optimized technical scheme: get 5-15cm deep layer rich soil, evenly mix, be divided into two parts, with soil, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part, is that waste old grain and the 200-300 part sterile soil of 0.5-1mm mixes with 100-200 part inoculation with soil and 10-20 part particle diameter then, sow a certain amount of lawn plant, incubated at room temperature is observed.
The technical scheme that the present invention is more preferably: in summer, get the dark layer rich soil of 5cm-15cm, evenly mix.Be divided into two parts, with native, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part.The waste and old rubber particle of filling directly is 0.5-1mm.As container, be used to make up the turf establishment system with the common plastics flowerpot.The filling of waste old grain is respectively two ratios of 10% and 15%: 200g soil+50g waste old grain+250g sterile soil is adopted in the processing of 1. wherein filling waste old grain 10%.2. 200g soil+75g waste old grain+225g sterile soil is adopted in the processing that contains waste old grain 15%.Sow perennial ryegrass after adding an amount of water, cultivate indoor, seeding quantity is 1.5-3g.In the greenhouse, cultivate and cultivated 90 days.Replenish moisture content every day, and soil moisture content is always maintained in the suitable scope.Cradle once and measure chlorophyllous content and dry weight after seven weeks.Cultivate 14 Zhou Houzai and cradle for the last time, after 3 months, nematodal accounting.
Waste and old rubber particle of the present invention also can be that tailing and the waste product fragmentation that produces in rubber plant's production process forms by junked tire, sebific duct, adhesive tape, manpower tire, rubber overshoes, industrial sundry goods etc.
Application of the present invention, its soil harmful nematode comprises: plant feeding habits, bacterium feeding habits, phytotrophy or omnivorousness harmful nematode.Particularly plant feeding habits or omnivorousness or phytotrophy harmful nematode.Plant feeding habits harmful nematode wherein comprises: spiral belongs to, wheel belongs to, the pad sword belongs to, root knot belongs to; The omnivorousness harmful nematode comprises: lance line genus, this genus of Weir etc.
Below by the detailed experiments method, further specify the actual effect of waste and old rubber particle in control soil harmful nematode that the present invention selects different specific weight.
1, turf establishment system micelle matrix assembly
When the beginning of March soil nematodes quantity more for a long time, four different sampled point soil samplings under the Ba Litai bridge of Tianjin.Uncover the thick lawn of 5cm when fetching earth earlier, it is dark down to dig 15cm.Soil sample is mixed separation and the preliminary counting that carries out nematode as early as possible, be no more than 12 hours.The sample point that the sample ground conduct that the route selection borer population is maximum is tested later on.Get the dark soil of 5cm-15cm during sampling.Separated into two parts.With soil, down sterilization 2 hours is standby at 120 ℃ for a part as inoculation for a part.
The lawn planting rule is: the common flowerpot of high * last diameter * following diameter=8.5cm * 12cm * 9cm.Totally ten two flowerpots are divided into four processing.Each handles triplicate.According to the form below preparation matrix.If a control group, two experimental group (10%, 15%), waste old grain ratio is respectively 10%, 20%.
Table 1 rubber grain and soil matrix configuration proportion (%)
Sow perennial ryegrass after adding an amount of water, cultivate indoor, seeding quantity is 1.5-3g.Keep the skin wet every day, and soil moisture content is always maintained in the suitable scope.Cradle once and measure chlorophyllous content and dry weight after seven weeks.Cultivating 14 Zhou Houzai cradles for the last time.Measure chlorophyllous content, dry weight and underground biomass, and separation of nematode and counting.
Soil with flowerpot upper surface and bottom when fetching earth mixes.The mensuration core cutter method of the bulk density of soil.The computing formula of soil porosity:
Soil porosity=[(specific gravity of soil-bulk density of soil)/specific gravity of soil] * 100%.
Specific gravity of soil is with different some difference of the soil texture, but changes not quite, gets its mean value " 2.65 " roughly in when therefore using on producing.
2, separating method of soil nematodes and evaluation
(1) soil sample separating method:
Each soil sample takes by weighing 150g, separates nematode with eluriating the saccharose gradient Density Gradient Centrifugation that sieves, and 60 ℃ of gentle heat kills are dead, and 2 times of TAF fixers that add equivalent are again fixed, and mixing is poured in the specimen bottle then, and is to be measured.Sieve from last to being respectively: 20 orders, 400 orders, 500 orders.The compound method of TAF fixer is: formaldehyde: triethanolamine: water=7ml: 2ml: 91ml.
(2) method of counting of nematode: the fixer in each specimen bottle all constant volume is 4ml, shakes up the back and places the counting ware with suction pipe absorption 1ml, carries out differential counting under the stereoscopic anatomical lens of OLYMPUS, and carries out the evaluation of section's genus level at microscopically.According to soil moisture, the soil nematodes population quantity is converted to the nematode bar number of every 100g dry ground.
3, the qualification result of soil nematodes kind and nutrition monoid in the rubber grain matrix
Soil nematodes is divided into: plant feeding habits (Plant-parasites nematode), fungi feeding habits (Fungivores nematode), bacterium feeding habits (Bacterivores nematode), omnivorousness 4 nutrition monoids such as (Omnivores-predators nematode).This experiment identifies the soil nematodes that 5 orders, 11 sections 13 belong to altogether, wherein plant nematode nutrition monoid has Tylenchida (Tylenchida) to comprise that 4 sections 4 belong to, and non-plant parasitic nematode (Non-Plant-parasites nematode) comprises the very sliding sword order (Aphelenchida) of order of food mycotrophy monoid; A bacterium feeding habits nutrition order Rhabditida of monoid (Rhabditida) 3 sections; Omnivorousness nutrition monoid 2 orders 3 sections.Wherein plant nematode is the advantage nutrition monoid of perennial ryegrass rhizosphere soil nematode, and the dominant genera in the plant nematode comprises that spiral belongs to (Helicotylenchus) and wheel belongs to (Criconemoides).The nematode that each section of Tylenchida belongs to is mainly plant nematode, and each genus of Rhabditida is bacterium feeding habits nematode (seeing Table 2).
Soil nematodes section belongs to qualification result in the table 2 rubber grain matrix
* the C-P value is according to Bongers (1999).
4, the variation of soil nematodes nutrition monoid in the different disposal
There were significant differences on total amount in the variation of soil nematodes nutrition monoid (P＜0.05).There is significant difference (P＜0.05) in 4 plant feeding habits soil line Eimerias that identified having or not between the waste old grain.Spiral belongs to (Helicotylenchus) and belongs to dominant population in this monoid.Total trend is that the increase phytophagy soil line borer population with the waste old grain ratio that adds reduces gradually.Fungi feeding habits soil nematodes only identifies a kind of very sliding sword and belongs to (Aphelenchus), and the soil line borer population improves with the increase of the waste old grain ratio that adds, but each does not reach significant difference (P＞0.05) between handling.
The dominant genera of bacterium feeding habits soil nematodes is that the rib pharynx belongs to (Prismatolaimus) and head lobe belongs to (Cephalobus).Though from data contain micelle 15% handle soil nematodes quantity many, with control group with contain micelle 10% and handle and more do not show significant difference (seeing Table 3).
Soil nematodes sum in table 3 different disposal
* unit: bar/100g dry ground.
The omnivorousness soil nematodes identifies 4 genus altogether, is that a unique class improves the monoid that increases with waste old grain ratio.Contain micelle 15% processing and control group, contain micelle 10% and have significant difference (P＜0.05) between handling.Wherein lance line genus (Dorylaimus) but reduces with the raising of waste old grain ratio.Weir this (Wilsonema) only finds in control group, does not find in the processing that contains micelle, and because of it is the opportunist, the form with the ovum pupa in contaminated environment exists, and pollutes and environmental pressure so they show relatively tolerance.But monodentate (Monochus) only finds in the processing that contains micelle, but do not find (seeing Table 3) at control group, this is owing to the available content of organic matter in the high matrix of waste old ratio is less, their feeding habits complexity, both can be the food source with the plant, can be food source with other soil animals or their corpse also.
5, soil nematodes diversity indices in the different disposal
Diversity indices (H), evenness index (J) control group are apparently higher than the processed group that contains micelle (P＜0.05), and diversity index (SR) increases along with the raising of rubber grain ratio simultaneously, but do not reach difference (P＞0.05) between each group.Scholars think that diversity indices, evenness index are high more, and this ecosystem is just stable more, and therefore, concerning the nematode monoid, the ecosystem of control group is more stable than the ecosystem of having filled the waste old grain.Dominance index (D) control group significantly is lower than experimental group (P＜0.05).The MI index that contains micelle 15% processing is higher than control group significantly and contains micelle 10% handles (P＜0.05), MI index key reaction external factor is to this Ecosystem System Influence, this may with 15% processed group in to contain higher zinc relevant with lower pH value, illustrate contain micelle 15% handle organize than other suffered seriously polluted.PPI index between each group has also reached significant difference (P＜0.05), it is generally acknowledged that plant products becomes positive correlation with plant nematode, and PPI key reaction soil nutrient is to the influence (seeing Table 4) of plant products.This is owing to the raising with waste old grain ratio in the matrix, the reason that the available content of organic matter reduces in the matrix.
Table 4 nematode diversity indices
6, research obtains conclusion
Originally discover, the soil matrix soil porosity that has added the waste old grain is bigger, help moving and life of soil nematodes, reduce with the raising of waste old grain ratio (particularly 10% or 15%) nematode total amount, be apparent that most that plant feeding habits nematode comprises: nematodes such as spiral belongs to, wheel belongs to, pad sword genus, root knot reduce significantly, therefore, it is feasible filling the waste old lawn planting.Not remarkable at rational a certain proportion of rubber grain to the influence of lawn plant output, can also control the generation of lawn matrix soil nematode, and then reduce the turf management cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In summer, get the dark layer rich soil of 5cm-10cm, evenly mix.With unexpected separated into two parts, with native, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part.
As container, (rule is: the common flowerpot of high * last diameter * following diameter=8.5cm * 12cm * 9cm) to be used to make up the turf establishment system with the common plastics flowerpot.The turf establishment system does not add the waste old grain.Experiment is adopted, and 200g soil+300g sterile soil, turf establishment use the common plastics flowerpot as container, 3 repetitions (micelle and soil matrix configuration proportion see Table 5).Lawn plant is selected perennial ryegrass, and its seeding quantity is 1.5g, and plant is cultivated to cultivate in the greenhouse and supported 90 days.Replenish moisture content every day, and soil moisture content is always maintained in the suitable scope.After 3 months, identify harmful nematode (plant feeding habits and omnivorousness) counting and be: 2668.43 (bars/100g dry ground).
Embodiment 2
In summer, get the dark layer rich soil 500g of 5cm, evenly mix.Be divided into two parts, with native, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part.The waste and old rubber particle of filling directly is 0.50mm.As container, (rule is: the common flowerpot of high * last diameter * following diameter=8.5cm * 12cm * 9cm) to be used to make up the turf establishment system with the common plastics flowerpot.The waste old grain is filled to 10%, and soil and waste old grain assembly ratio are in the matrix: 200g soil+50g waste old grain (waste and old rubber particle directly is 0.5mm)+250g sterile soil (micelle and soil matrix configuration proportion see Table 5).Sow perennial ryegrass after adding an amount of water, cultivate indoor, seeding quantity is 1.5g.In the greenhouse, cultivate and cultivated 90 days.Replenish moisture content every day, and soil moisture content is always maintained in the suitable scope.After 3 months, identify harmful nematode (plant feeding habits and omnivorousness) counting and be: 2107.18 (bars/100g dry ground), its harmful nematode is not add 78.97% of waste and old rubber particle.
Embodiment 3
In summer, get the dark layer rich soil 500g of 5cm, evenly mix.Be divided into two parts, with native, a part is standby at 160 ℃ of following hot air sterilization 2h as inoculation for a part.The waste and old rubber particle of filling directly is 0.50mm.As container, (rule is: the common flowerpot of high * last diameter * following diameter=8.5cm * 12cm * 9cm) to be used to make up the turf establishment system with the common plastics flowerpot.The waste old grain is filled to 15%, and soil and waste old grain assembly ratio are in the matrix: 200g soil+75g waste old grain+225g sterile soil (micelle and soil matrix configuration proportion see Table 5).Sow perennial ryegrass after adding an amount of water, cultivate indoor, seeding quantity is 1.5g.In the greenhouse, cultivate and cultivated 90 days.Replenish moisture content every day, and soil moisture content is always maintained in the suitable scope.After 3 months, identify harmful nematode (plant feeding habits and omnivorousness) counting and be: 1614.88 (bars/100g dry ground), its harmful nematode is not add 60.52% of waste and old rubber particle.
Table 5 rubber grain and soil matrix configuration proportion (%)
After the preferred embodiment that describes in detail, being familiar with this technology personage can be well understood to, can carry out various variations and modification not breaking away under above-mentioned claim and the spirit, all foundations technical spirit of the present invention all belongs to the scope of technical solution of the present invention to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.And the embodiment that the present invention also is not subject in the specification to be given an actual example.
Claims (4)
1. the application of waste and old rubber particle in the control harmful nematode of lawn matrix soil is characterized in that, particle diameter 0.5-1mm waste old grain and inoculation are mixed with soil and sterile soil, sows a certain amount of lawn plant then; It consists of:
1. fill the processing of waste old grain 10% and adopt, 200g inoculation soil+50g waste old grain+250g sterile soil; 2. the processing that contains waste old grain 15% is adopted, 200g inoculation soil+75g waste old grain+225g sterile soil.
2. application as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lawn plant are perennial ryegrass, and its seeding quantity is 1.5-3g, are 90 days in the hot-house culture time.
3. application as claimed in claim 1, soil harmful nematode wherein comprises: plant feeding habits, plant nematode or omnivorousness nematode.
4. application as claimed in claim 3, wherein said plant feeding habits nematode is: spiral belongs to, wheel belongs to, the pad sword belongs to, root knot belongs to; The omnivorousness nematode is: the lance line belongs to, this genus of Weir.
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| CN101803516B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-06-15 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving salt resistance of lawn plant by filling soil through adopting waste colloidal particle as salt storing layer |
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| CN101803495B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-09-28 | 天津师范大学 | Method for adjusting pH value of loam and clay lawn matrix by waste colloidal particles |
| CN101828440A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-09-15 | 天津师范大学 | Application of waste crumb rubber in improving water retaining capacity of mixed lawn substrate |
| CN101816247A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-09-01 | 天津师范大学 | Detection method for enhancing quality of soil matrixes with different textures by adopting waste rubber granule medium |
| CN101805614B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-08-24 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving photosynthetic capacity of tall fescue by adopting saline soil filled waste crumb rubber |
| CN103004401A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Turfgrass nematode control method |
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| CN105831101B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-01-15 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of method that matrix addition waste colloidal particle walks quickly and keeps away grasshopper |
| CN105794729B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-03-01 | 天津师范大学 | A kind of method of matrix addition waste colloidal particle regulation airport insect diversity |
| CN105875514A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-24 | 天津师范大学 | Method for regulating and controlling number of insects by adding waste rubber particles into matrix of airport |
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| CN2525785Y (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2002-12-18 | 江素霞 | Improvement of lawn using rubber particles |
| CN2542038Y (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-04-02 | 江素霞 | Artificial lawn of curing rubber particle |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2525785Y (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2002-12-18 | 江素霞 | Improvement of lawn using rubber particles |
| CN2542038Y (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-04-02 | 江素霞 | Artificial lawn of curing rubber particle |
| CN1520727A (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-08-18 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Mixing formulation for prevention and cure of Chitwood |
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