CN101160480A - 具有流体泵的驱动系统 - Google Patents

具有流体泵的驱动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101160480A
CN101160480A CNA2006800112513A CN200680011251A CN101160480A CN 101160480 A CN101160480 A CN 101160480A CN A2006800112513 A CNA2006800112513 A CN A2006800112513A CN 200680011251 A CN200680011251 A CN 200680011251A CN 101160480 A CN101160480 A CN 101160480A
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China
Prior art keywords
pump
motor
fluid
combustion engine
internal
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English (en)
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R·T·塔巴
S·坦普
G·C·莫布瑞
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NT Consulting International Pty Ltd
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NT Consulting International Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2005900937A external-priority patent/AU2005900937A0/en
Application filed by NT Consulting International Pty Ltd filed Critical NT Consulting International Pty Ltd
Publication of CN101160480A publication Critical patent/CN101160480A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F16H57/0436—Pumps
    • F16H57/0439—Pumps using multiple pumps with different power sources or a single pump with different power sources, e.g. one and the same pump may selectively be driven by either the engine or an electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C14/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
    • F04C14/04—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for reversible machines or pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
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    • F04C15/0057—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmission specially adapted for machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0061—Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种驱动系统(10)包括内燃机(12)、行星齿轮组(16)、电机(18)和传动装置(20)，其中，内燃机(12)和电机(18)各通过行星齿轮组(16)来驱动传动装置(20)，且电机(18)驱动传动装置(20)的流体泵(22)。在另一实施例中，公开了一种用于将流体从源头泵送到目的地的流体泵，其中，第一和第二入口导管设置在源头和泵之间，第一和第二出口导管设置在泵和目的地之间，每个导管都设有允许流体只沿一个方向流动通过导管的阀，从而当流体泵沿第一方向转动时，流体被泵送通过第一入口和出口导管，当流体泵沿相反的第二方向转动时，流体被泵送通过第二入口和出口导管。

Description

具有流体泵的驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种驱动系统和一种流体泵。
背景技术
先前已经提出了提供一种具有通称为混合动力驱动器的驱动系统的车辆，从而车辆可由电机(electric motor)以及内燃机来驱动。这种类型的典型驱动系统包括手动或自动传动装置，通过该传动装置可传输驱动力以驱动车辆的轮子。
有利的是，比起传统车辆，具有混合动力驱动器的车辆能够使用较小的内燃机，因为附加的动力能够根据需要由电机来供给。通过使用较小的内燃机，混合动力车辆能够实现比传统车辆更优的燃料效率。
在一些混合动力驱动车辆中，车辆可不用内燃机加速，这样内燃机可在车辆等待交通灯时和/或低速行驶时关闭。
自动传动装置的油泵可用来产生传动装置所需的油压，并且在传统的车辆中通常直接连接至变矩器外壳上的凸缘。因为变矩器直接连接至发动机的曲轴，所以只要有足够的油量，该泵可在发动机运行的任何时候产生压力。然后，油在压力下输送到传动装置的部件，诸如用于根据需要来润滑和操作离合器。
然而，在混合动力驱动车辆中，因为内燃机经常关闭，所以不再能够根据内燃机的操作来操作传动油泵。而且，即使内燃机关闭时，传动装置仍然需要油压，因为传动装置内的部件需要润滑，且液压致动的离合器需要开始工作，例如防止车辆沿斜坡向下后撤。
一些混合动力装置可提供单独的电动油泵，该电动油泵可独立于内燃机而工作，然而这种附加的物品增大了成本和重量。在节省燃料的混合动力驱动车辆的设计中，重量通常具有较高的优先级。
本发明的例子设法解决或至少减轻上述问题中的一个或多个。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种驱动系统，该驱动系统包括内燃机、电机和传动装置，其中，电机驱动传动装置的流体泵。
较佳的是，驱动系统包括行星齿轮组，并且内燃机和电机各通过行星齿轮组来驱动传动装置。
较佳的是，在电机和行星齿轮组之间的驱动互连能够通过离合器来可选择地脱开。
较佳的是，电机位于行星齿轮组和传动装置之间。
较佳的是，传动装置是自动传动装置。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种驱动系统，该驱动系统包括内燃机、电机和传动装置，其中，传动装置的泵通过第一单向离合器设置成与内燃机处于驱动关系，而通过第二单向离合器设置成与电机处于驱动关系，单向离合器允许超限运动，从而根据内燃机和电机的相对转速由内燃机和/或电机来给泵提供驱动力。
较佳的是，两个单向离合器都允许沿相同方向的超限运动。
更佳的是，来自于内燃机的驱动力由第一轴来传输，来自于电机的驱动力由与第一轴同心的第二轴来传输，且泵安装成与第一和第二轴同心地转动。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种驱动系统，该驱动系统包括内燃机、行星齿轮组、电机和传动装置，内燃机和电机设置成通过行星齿轮组来驱动传动装置，电机能够沿任一方向转动，其中，传动装置的双向流体泵由电机来驱动。
较佳的是，电机能够作为电动机(motor)和发电机来工作。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于将流体从源头泵送到目的地的流体泵，其中，第一和第二入口导管设置在源头和泵之间，第一和第二出口导管设置在泵和目的地之间，每个导管都设有允许流体只沿一个方向流动通过导管的阀，从而当流体泵沿第一方向转动时，流体被泵送通过第一入口和出口导管，当流体泵沿相反的第二方向转动时，流体被泵送通过第二入口和出口导管。
较佳的是，阀是球形止回阀。或者，阀可采取其它形式。
较佳的是，第一出口导管从第二入口导管分支出来，而第二出口导管从第一入口导管分支出来。
较佳的是，泵使用蓄积器，该蓄积器在泵改变转动方向的过程中保持供给至目的地的流体压力。蓄积器例如是具有由弹簧偏置的活塞的汽缸的形式。
附图说明
借助仅仅非限制性的例子、参照附图来描述本发明，在这些附图中：
图1是驱动系统的示意图；
图2是双向泵的示意图；
图3是由一对单向离合器联接至电机和内燃机的泵的示意图；
图4a是图3的泵的示意图，示出了由于来自电机的输入而工作；
图4b是图3和图4a的泵的示意图，示出了由于来自内燃机的输入而工作；
图4c是图3-4b的泵的示意图，示出了由于来自电机和内燃机的输入而工作。
具体实施方式
图1示出了示例性驱动系统10的能流图，该驱动系统10包括内燃机12、减震器14、行星齿轮组16、电机18和自动传动装置20。内燃机12和电机18都通过行星齿轮组16来驱动自动传动装置20。电机18还驱动自动传动装置20的流体泵22。
更具体地说，在所示的例子中，驱动系统10设置成平行的混合动力驱动器的形式，其中，内燃机12具有连接至自动传动装置20的机械驱动连接装置。参见图1，内燃机12的曲轴24连接至减震器14，该减震器14用来减小由内燃机12的间隔爆发引起的脉动。减震器14通过轴26连接至行星齿轮组16的行星架28。行星齿轮组16的环形齿轮30充当行星齿轮组16的输出，且沿着驱动轴32将驱动力传输至自动传动装置20。自动传动装置20则将驱动力传输至车辆的驱动轮，在驱动轮中以通常在本技术领域中已知的方式安装了驱动系统10。
电机18通过离合器36联接至行星齿轮组16的恒星齿轮34，该离合器36能使恒星齿轮34与电机18可选择地配合/脱开，从而在需要时可获得来自电机18的驱动力。同样，电机18能够作为发电机来工作，由此它可通过行星齿轮组16和离合器36由内燃机12来驱动，从而给用来驱动电机18的电池(未示出)充电。
为了润滑自动装置20的部件且也为了操作使传动装置20内的离合器和带子工作的液压系统，自动传动装置20的泵22给自动传动装置提供加压的传动液源。电机18用来驱动泵22，从而泵22可独立于内燃机12来工作，尤其是当内燃机12关闭时更是如此。内燃机12在无需驱动车辆时可关闭，例如在等待交通灯和/或低速行驶时。驱动力从电机18通过轴38传输至泵22。
电机18可沿第一方向转动，也可沿反向的第二方向转动。电机18在沿第一方向转动时作为电动机来工作，而在根据其发电部件之间的相对移动沿第一或第二方向转动时可作为发电机来工作。
在第一个例子中，传动泵22仅仅由电机18来驱动，而不由内燃机12来驱动。当电机18可沿任一方向转动时，泵22适于成为双向的。因此，无论电机18沿第一方向或第二方向转动，泵22都给传动装置10提供加压的流体源。
当泵22能够沿相反的两方向转动时，存在一个泵22在变向时静止的时间段。在该时间段，泵22并不给传动装置20提供加压的流体。因此，泵22可以与蓄积器(未示出)一起使用，该蓄积器充当加压流体的储存器，从而在泵22变向转换的过程中就能作为加压流体源来依靠。该蓄积器可以是可扩展的流体腔室的形式，诸如具有弹簧加载的活塞的汽缸。
图2示出了双向流体泵22，该双向流体泵22适用于第一个例子的驱动系统10中。泵22包括泵部件40、以传动过滤器/贮槽形式存在的流体源42、以及以主调节阀形式存在的流体目的地44，该主调节阀可调节供给至传动装置20的流体压力。泵部件40可以是如图所示意示出的新月形齿轮泵的形式，或者可以是盖劳特泵或叶轮泵的形式。第一入口导管46和第二入口导管48设置在流体源42和泵部件40之间。第一出口导管50和第二出口导管52设置在泵部件40和流体目的地44之间。每个导管46、48、50、52设有阀54、56、58、60，这些阀使流体只能沿一个方向流动经过相应的导管。
因此，当泵部件40沿第一方向(例如顺时针)转动时，流体从流体源42经过第一入口46被泵送出来。来自于从流体源42经过第一入口导管46流动到泵部件40的流体的压力可打开阀54，该阀54是如图2所示的球形止回阀的形式。流体在压力下从泵部件40经过第一出口导管50输出到流体目的地44。第一出口导管50从第二入口导管48分支出来，从而第一出口导管50和第二入口导管48共用一个在泵部件40和球形止回阀56之间的共同导管部分62。来自于从泵部件40经过导管部分62流动至目的地44的流体的压力引起球形止回阀56关闭，从而流体不会输送退回第二入口导管48而到流体源42。来自于第一出口导管50中的流体的压力引起球形止回阀58打开，以允许流体流到目的地44。第一出口导管50中的压力还可用来使球形止回阀60就位，以防止流体流动经过第二出口导管52。
相反的是，当泵部件40沿相反方向(即逆时针)转动时，流体从流体源42经过第二出口导管48行进至泵部件40。来自于流动经过第二入口导管48的流体的压力引起阀56打开。泵部件40将流体从泵部件40经过第二出口导管52泵送到目的地44，该第二出口导管52与第一入口导管46共用一个共同导管部分64。该共同导管部分64在泵部件40和球形止回阀54之间延伸。来自于从泵部件40经过第二出口导管52泵送至目的地44的流体的压力引起球形止回阀54就位，从而防止流体经过第一入口导管46回流到流体源42。该压力还引起球形止回阀60打开，以使流体能经过第二出口导管52流动到目的地44，并且可用来使球形止回阀58就位以防止回流入第二入口导管48中。
因此，因为随着泵部件40沿任一方向的转动而如图2所示的泵22能够泵送压力下的流体，所以该泵22适用于第一个例子中的驱动系统10中，从而不管电机18沿第一还是第二方向转动，都能将压力下的流体供给至传动装置20。
在一变型中，第一和第二出口导管50、52可连接在球形止回阀58、60和目的地44之间。在流体源42和目的地44之间可能也需要单独的连接装置，从而适于有额外压力的情况。
在第二个例子中，泵22设置成由电机18和内燃机12两者来驱动。图3示出了适用于这种布置的另一泵构造。泵22通过驱动轴32和第一单向离合器66而与内燃机12成驱动关系。泵22还通过轴38和第二单向离合器68而与电机18成驱动关系。轴38与驱动轴32同心且驱动轴32同轴地转动。每个单向离合器66、68只传输沿一个方向的转动，且允许沿另一方向的超限运动(overrun)。更具体地说，每个单向离合器66、68设置成允许沿相对于泵22的相同方向的超限运动，从而根据电机18相对于内燃机12的转速，通过内燃机12和/或电机18给泵22提供驱动力。尤其，当内燃机12和电机18中的无论哪一个沿驱动方向以较大的角速度转动时，它可驱动泵22。
因此，参见图4a，当只有电机18沿驱动方向转动时，或当电机18沿驱动方向以比内燃机12更大的速度转动时，驱动力从电机18通过轴38和单向离合器68传输至泵22。在这种情况下，单向离合器66允许泵22相对于驱动轴32转动。
参见图4b，当只有内燃机12沿驱动方向转动时，或当内燃机12沿驱动方向以比电机18更大的角速度转动时，驱动力从内燃机12通过驱动轴32和单向离合器66传输至泵22。另一个单向离合器68允许泵22相对于轴38和因此的电机18转动。请注意，由于单向离合器66、68的工作，在内燃机12不工作且电机沿非驱动方向转动的情况下，将没有驱动力传输至泵22。根据车辆驱动轮的转动传输至电机18所经过的路线，用于在再生制动的过程中将压力下的流体供给至传动装置20的另外装置可以是或不是必须的。内燃机12可在发电过程中空转以操作泵22。
参见图4c，当电机18和内燃机12以精确相同的角速度转动时，泵22将由内燃机12通过驱动轴32和单向离合器66、以及由电机18通过轴38和单向离合器68来驱动。
以上的驱动系统和泵装置仅仅借助例子来描述，在本发明的范围内还可作出修改。例如，另一种驱动系统可具有与所述例子不同的“接线图”，尤其是在内燃机、行星齿轮组和电机之间具有不同的接线图。

Claims (15)

1.一种驱动系统，包括内燃机、电机和传动装置，其中，所述电机驱动所述传动装置的流体泵。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，所述驱动系统包括行星齿轮组，并且所述内燃机和所述电机各通过所述行星齿轮组来驱动所述传动装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，在所述电机和所述行星齿轮组之间的驱动互连能够通过离合器来可选择地脱开。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，所述电机位于所述行星齿轮组和所述传动装置之间。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，所述传动装置是自动传动装置。
6.一种驱动系统，包括内燃机、电机和传动装置，其中，所述传动装置的泵通过第一单向离合器设置成与所述内燃机处于驱动关系，而通过第二单向离合器设置成与所述电机处于驱动关系，各所述单向离合器允许超限运动，从而根据所述内燃机和所述电机的相对转速由所述内燃机和/或所述电机来给所述泵提供驱动力。
7.如权利要求6所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，两个所述单向离合器都允许沿相同方向的超限运动。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，来自于所述内燃机的驱动力由第一轴来传输，来自于所述电机的驱动力由与所述第一轴同心的第二轴来传输，且所述泵安装成与所述第一和第二轴同心地转动。
9.一种驱动系统，包括内燃机、行星齿轮组、电机和传动装置，所述内燃机和所述电机设置成通过所述行星齿轮组来驱动所述传动装置，所述电机能够沿任一方向转动，其中，所述传动装置的双向流体泵由所述电机来驱动。
10.如权利要求9所述的驱动系统，其特征在于，所述电机能够作为电动机和发电机来工作。
11.一种用于将流体从源头泵送到目的地的流体泵，其中，第一和第二入口导管设置在所述源头和所述泵之间，第一和第二出口导管设置在所述泵和所述目的地之间，每个所述导管都设有允许流体只沿一个方向流动通过所述导管的阀，从而当所述流体泵沿第一方向转动时，流体被泵送通过所述第一入口和出口导管，当所述流体泵沿相反的第二方向转动时，流体被泵送通过所述第二入口和出口导管。
12.如权利要求11所述的流体泵，其特征在于，所述阀是球形止回阀。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的流体泵，其特征在于，所述第一出口导管从所述第二入口导管分支出来，而所述第二出口导管从所述第一入口导管分支出来。
14.如权利要求11至13中任一项所述的流体泵，其特征在于，所述泵使用蓄积器，所述蓄积器在所述泵改变转动方向的过程中保持供给至所述目的地的流体压力。
15.如权利要求14所述的流体泵，其特征在于，所述蓄积器是具有由弹簧偏置的活塞的汽缸的形式。
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