CN101156559B - A method for improving Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate - Google Patents
A method for improving Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101156559B CN101156559B CN2007101903871A CN200710190387A CN101156559B CN 101156559 B CN101156559 B CN 101156559B CN 2007101903871 A CN2007101903871 A CN 2007101903871A CN 200710190387 A CN200710190387 A CN 200710190387A CN 101156559 B CN101156559 B CN 101156559B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the stocking survival rate of the parent shrimps of the Procambarus clarkia, and in particular belongs to a breeding method for the freshwater economic shrimps. The invention includes four steps of the source of the parent shrimps, the transportation of the parent shrimps, the temporary raising of the parent shrimps, and the pond-transferring of the parent shrimps. The parent shrimps need to be sprinkled with water before being put into the case; ice bags are needed to be added to lower the temperature when the parent shrimps are put into the transportation case; the parent shrimps are stocked in the temporary raising pond, and are temporarily raised by sprinkling water; weak shrimps, ill shrimps or dead shrimps are required to be removed after the parent shrimps are stocked, and the aquatic and bait are put into the pond; the parent shrimps are needed to be disinfected after being temporarily raised, and strong and invigorating parent shrimps are selected out to be transferred into a spawn pond for copulating, spawning and hatching. Using the temporary shallow water plus sprinkled water stocking method, the invention can improve the survival rate of the parent shrimps of the Procambarus clarkia, and can increase the yield of the shrimp fries, is beneficial for reducing the producing cost as well as improving the economic profit of the shrimp fries production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate, specifically belong to the cultural method of economic freshwater shrimps.
Background technology
Procambius clarkii originates in North America, is commonly called as freshwater crayfish, belongs to the sufficient order crayfish of Arthropoda Crustacea Malacostraca ten section in classification, and nineteen twenty-nine flow into China, has been distributed widely in stream, pond and each the big water system of China at present.Because apparent consumption and the export processing quantity of Procambius clarkii increase fast, its wild resource quantity sharply reduces, therefore, the output that increases Procambius clarkii by the method for propagating artificially has become one of important channel of satisfying export processing and consumer market demand.At present, culture required Procambius clarkii seed mainly from natural waters, along with the decline of natural resources quantity, the artificial propagation Procambius clarkii has become inexorable trend.
Prepare in the pond, the transportation of close shrimp, close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed with the shrimp seedling from numerous be the important technical links of artificial breeding Procambius clarkii, comprising the pond trimming, anti-ly escape, pond sterilization, pond water inlet, close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed and the shrimp seedling such as breeds at step.The pond of wherein breeding the shrimp seedling mostly is Tu Chi, the depth of water is 0.8-2.0 rice, close shrimp transportation and putting in a suitable place to breed comprises that then close shrimp fishes for or purchase, adds the ice bag cooling and put in a suitable place to breed, its method is: the close shrimp that will purchase or catch places transport case, add the ice bag cooling in the case, transport the back back with 3% disinfecting with salt solution or directly close shrimp being put in a suitable place to breed to the breed pond.The survival rate of putting in a suitable place to breed of this method parent shrimp has only 30%-50% usually, and its reason is: 1, close shrimp is injured in transit or dehydration is serious; 2, directly put in a suitable place to breed in the pond after close shrimp is transported back, because the pond water level is darker, add of the agitaion of close shrimp to the bottom, water transparency is lower, therefore the dead shrimp after putting in a suitable place to breed can't in time be pulled out from the pond, the water quality deterioration that dead shrimp causes will cause more close shrimp death, and the vicious circle of Xing Chenging reduces the survival rate of putting in a suitable place to breed of close shrimp significantly thus; The defective that the close shrimp mode of putting in a suitable place to breed in this seedling raising process exists is: 1, the close shrimp that will fish for or buy is directly put into and cultures the pond, and the close shrimp of the injured or serious dehydration of part will mortality in 1-5 days; 2, directly close shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in spawning pond, because Chi Shui is darker, can't be dragged for and remove weak shrimp and sick shrimp in heaven or soon dead, the dead shrimp in the pond will be caused water hypoxia, and oxious components such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite raise, the ecological deterioration easily in waters; 3, after the close shrimp mortality, the close shrimp in the pond is because of having the characteristic of living in caves, and volume residual is difficult to measuring and calculating and holds, and is unfavorable for the formulation of the production schedule; 4, the mortality of close shrimp reduces the output of growing seedlings significantly, and production cost increases; 5, for preventing the breeding in a large number in breeding process of harmful germ and parasite, influence the survival rate of close shrimp and the rate of growing seedlings, need close shrimp is carried out disinfection.But the close shrimp dehydration through long-distance transport is very serious, carries out disinfection immediately and will its dehydration be increased the weight of, and lethality improves.Because the existence of above-mentioned defective, cause that existing Procambius clarkii artificial propagation cost is higher, output is lower and benefit is not ideal enough.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned weak point, thereby a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate is provided, it adds the mode of putting in a suitable place to breed that trickle is supported temporarily by shallow water, with survival rate that improves Procambius clarkii parent shrimp and the output that increases the shrimp seedling.
Main solution of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate of the present invention, adopt following processing step: it comprises that the source of close shrimp, the transportation of close shrimp, close shrimp are supported temporarily and close shrimp changes pond four big steps, it is characterized in that:
1, the source of close shrimp:
Ground cage, lobster basket, diddle-net are set, do that catch in the pond or buy Procambius clarkii parent shrimp by the fairground, reject immature individuality of sexual gland and injured weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp, and before close shrimp vanning trickle;
2, close shrimp transportation:
To place transport case through the close shrimp of trickle, and add ice bag in the case, ice bag is seated in the top layer in the case, and close shrimp and ice bag are separated, and the temperature in the case is controlled at 10 ℃-22 ℃, haulage time: 2-5 hour;
3, close shrimp is supported temporarily:
The parent shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in storage pond, holding pond, adopts trickle to support temporarily; Close shrimp is put quantity in a suitable place to breed and is controlled at 50-300 tail/m in the storage pond, holding pond
3The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and rejects weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp every day, and throws in pasture and water and bait; The parent shrimp is supported after 2-5 days temporarily, in the storage pond, holding pond water body close shrimp is carried out disinfection, and stops watering during sterilization;
4, close shrimp changes the pond:
The parent shrimp was sterilized 8-12 minute before changeing the pond, selected the physique stalwartness after the sterilization, and energetic close shrimp relays mating in spawning pond, lays eggs and incubates the children.
The trickle time was controlled at 5-15 minute before the described close shrimp vanning, sucked enough moisture degree of being with close shrimp gill portion.
Described ice bag is to adopt ice cube to place the plastic sack or the container of sealing.
The high 20-100 of described storage pond, holding pond centimetre, cement pit smooth and that tilt to discharge outlet at the bottom of the pond, the gradient at the bottom of the pond is: 1%-2%.
Described storage pond, holding pond can be the single or multiple lift structure, and the sunshade booth is built in the storage pond, holding pond top, to prevent the sunlight direct projection.
Described input pasture and water are meant the pasture and water that placement can be survived in storage pond, holding pond under the trickle condition, pasture and water are water peanut and waterweed etc.
Described pasture and water injected volume accounts for storage pond, holding pond area 40%-60%; Described feed injected volume is the 3%-10% of shrimp body weight.
Water level in the described storage pond, holding pond is controlled at 5-15 centimetre, can increase the dissolved oxygen in the water; Increase the exchange rate of water body; Be convenient to carry out the operation that close shrimp selects; Be convenient to the soaking disinfection of close shrimp.
During supporting temporarily, described trickle utilizes the close shrimp watering of sparge pipe in the pond of storage pond, holding pond top.
Described close shrimp sterilization is that the liquor potassic permanganate with 10-30 mg/litre concentration soaked 5-10 minute in storage pond, holding pond.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the close shrimp of fishing for or buying does not directly enter spawning pond, supports temporarily but carry out earlier trickle in storage pond, holding pond, helps alleviating close shrimp and directly enter the caused stress reaction of spawning pond after transporting for long-distance; 2, can during supporting temporarily, reject weak shrimp and sick shrimp in heaven or soon dead, avoid of the pollution of dead shrimp spawning pond water quality; 3, can be during supporting temporarily to close shrimp disinfection, kill harmful germ and parasite help improving the survival rate of close shrimp egg-laying period and incubation period; 4, close shrimp is through after supporting temporarily, dead shrimp, weak shrimp and sick shrimp are disallowable, remaining close shrimp physique is restored, and the survival rate of therefore putting the close shrimp in back in a suitable place to breed obviously improves, and the close shrimp definite quantity of putting in a suitable place to breed help the growing seedlings estimation of output and the formulation of the production schedule of growing seedlings; 5, spawning pond water stabilization helps the raising of shrimp seedling output and survival rate; 6, disallowable weak shrimp edible still during supporting temporarily can reduce the loss that weak shrimp death is caused; 7, the raising of putting survival rate in a suitable place to breed of close shrimp helps reducing production costs.
Embodiment
Following the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments:
Embodiment one:
A kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate of the present invention, adopt following processing step:
Ground cage and lobster basket at first are set, fish for Procambius clarkii parent shrimp from natural waters, reject immature individuality of sexual gland and injured weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp, and before close shrimp vanning trickle 10 minutes, make close shrimp gill portion suck enough moisture, to reduce the influence that close in transit shrimp dehydration is caused.To place transport case through the close shrimp of trickle, and add 2 ice bag coolings in the case, described ice bag is to adopt ice cube to place the plastic sack or the container of sealing.Ice bag is seated in the top layer in the case, and close shrimp and ice bag are separated, and makes the temperature in the case reduce to 18 ℃, to reduce the metabolism of close shrimp.The haulage time of summer high temperature phase parent shrimp is advisable to be no more than 2 hours, and be advisable to be no more than 5 hours autumn.The parent shrimp transports to be put in a suitable place to breed behind the destination in mean depth of water is 10 centimetres storage pond, holding pond, and opens the spray pipe watering of storage pond, holding pond top.Cement pit smooth and that tilt to discharge outlet at the bottom of the pond, the gradient at the bottom of the storage pond, holding pond pond is: 1%-2%.The density of close shrimp is controlled at 150 tails/m in the storage pond, holding pond
3The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and rejects weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp every day, and abort peanut and bait, and the water peanut injected volume accounts for storage pond, holding pond area 60%, and the feed injected volume is 5% of a shrimp body weight.During supporting temporarily, trickle utilize the close shrimp of sparge pipe in the pond of storage pond, holding pond top to keep continuous trickle.And utilize the gap of storage pond, holding pond that mean water level is controlled at about 10 centimetres.Support after 5 days temporarily, can close spray pipe, and to throw in concentration in water body be that the potassium permanganate of 20mg/L carries out disinfection to close shrimp, kill the bacterium and the parasite of close shrimp body surface, select the physique stalwartness after 10 minutes, energetic close shrimp relays mating in spawning pond, lays eggs and incubates the children.
Embodiment two: a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate of the present invention, adopt following processing step:
Ground cage and lobster basket are set from the fishpond, fish for Procambius clarkii parent shrimp, reject immature individuality of sexual gland and injured weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp, and before the vanning of close shrimp trickle 12 minutes, make close shrimp gill portion suck enough moisture, to reduce the influence that close in transit shrimp dewaters and caused.To place transport case through the close shrimp of trickle, and add 4 ice bag coolings in the case, ice bag is seated in the top layer in the case, and close shrimp and ice bag are separated, and makes the temperature in the case reduce to 12 ℃, to reduce the metabolism of close shrimp.The haulage time of summer high temperature phase parent shrimp is advisable to be no more than 2 hours, and be advisable to be no more than 5 hours autumn.The parent shrimp transports to be put in a suitable place to breed behind the destination in mean depth of water is 15 centimetres storage pond, holding pond, and opens the spray pipe watering of storage pond, holding pond top.Cement pit smooth and that tilt to discharge outlet at the bottom of the storage pond, holding pond pond, the gradient at the bottom of the pond is: 1%-2%.The density of close shrimp is controlled at 150 tails/m in the storage pond, holding pond
3The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and rejects weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp every day, and abort peanut and waterweed and bait, and the input ratio of water peanut and waterweed respectively accounts for 50%, and injected volume accounts for storage pond, holding pond area 50%, and the feed injected volume is 8% of a shrimp body weight.Utilize the close shrimp watering of sparge pipe in the pond of storage pond, holding pond top during supporting temporarily, and utilize the gap of storage pond, holding pond that mean water level is controlled at 15 centimetres.Support after 3 days temporarily, can close spray pipe, and to throw in concentration in water body be that the potassium permanganate of 20mg/L carries out disinfection to close shrimp, kill the bacterium and the parasite of close shrimp body surface, select the physique stalwartness after 15 minutes, energetic close shrimp relays mating in spawning pond, lays eggs and incubates the children.
Embodiment three: a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate of the present invention, adopt following processing step:
Buy Procambius clarkii parent shrimp by the fairground, reject immature individuality of sexual gland and injured weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp, and before close shrimp vanning trickle 15 minutes, make close shrimp gill portion suck enough moisture, to reduce the influence that close in transit shrimp dewaters and caused.To place transport case through the close shrimp of trickle, and add 3 ice bag coolings in the case, ice bag is seated in the top layer in the case, and close shrimp and ice bag are separated, and makes the temperature in the case reduce to 15 ℃, to reduce the metabolism of close shrimp.The haulage time of summer high temperature phase parent shrimp is advisable to be no more than 2 hours, and be advisable to be no more than 5 hours autumn.The parent shrimp transports to be put in a suitable place to breed behind the destination in mean depth of water is 6 centimetres storage pond, holding pond, and opens the spray pipe watering of storage pond, holding pond top.Cement pit smooth and that tilt to discharge outlet at the bottom of the pond, the gradient at the bottom of the storage pond, holding pond pond is: 1%-2%.The density of close shrimp is controlled at 100 tails/m in the storage pond, holding pond
3The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and rejects weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp every day, and throws in waterweed and bait, and the waterweed injected volume accounts for storage pond, holding pond area 40%, and the feed injected volume is 5% of a shrimp body weight.Keep continuous trickle during supporting temporarily, and utilize the gap of storage pond, holding pond that mean water level is controlled at 12 centimetres.Support after 5 days temporarily, can close liquid distribution, and to throw in concentration in water body be that the potassium permanganate of 20mg/L carries out disinfection to close shrimp, kill the bacterium and the parasite of close shrimp body surface, select the physique stalwartness after 12 minutes, energetic close shrimp relays mating in spawning pond, lays eggs and incubates the children.
Claims (8)
1. method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate, adopt following processing step: comprise that the source of close shrimp, the transportation of close shrimp, close shrimp are supported temporarily and close shrimp changes pond four big steps, it is characterized in that:
(1), the source of close shrimp:
Ground cage, lobster basket, diddle-net are set, do that catch in the pond or buy Procambius clarkii parent shrimp by the fairground, reject immature individuality of sexual gland and injured weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp, and before close shrimp vanning trickle, the trickle time is: 5-15 minute;
(2), close shrimp transportation:
To place transport case through the close shrimp of trickle, and add ice bag in the case, ice bag is seated in the top layer in the case, and close shrimp and ice bag are separated, and the temperature inside the box is: 10 ℃-22 ℃, haulage time is: 2-5 hour;
(3), close shrimp is supported temporarily:
The parent shrimp is put in a suitable place to breed in storage pond, holding pond, adopts trickle to support temporarily; Close shrimp is put quantity in a suitable place to breed and is controlled at 50 1 300 tails/m in the storage pond, holding pond
3The parent shrimp is put the back in a suitable place to breed and rejects weak shrimp, sick shrimp or dead shrimp every day, and throws in pasture and water and bait; The parent shrimp is supported after 2-5 days temporarily, and close shrimp is carried out disinfection, and stops trickle during sterilization;
(4), close shrimp changes the pond:
Select the physique stalwartness after the sterilization of parent shrimp, energetic close shrimp relays mating in spawning pond, lays eggs and incubates the children.
2. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high 20-100 of described storage pond, holding pond centimetre, and the gradient at the bottom of the pond is: 1% one 2%.
3. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that described storage pond, holding pond is the single or multiple lift structure.
4. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pasture and water are water peanut and waterweed.
5. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pasture and water injected volume accounts for 40% one 60% of storage pond, holding pond area.
6. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water level in the described storage pond, holding pond is controlled at 5-15 centimetre.
7. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is the close shrimp watering of sparge pipe in the pond that utilizes the storage pond, holding pond top to be provided with that described trickle is supported temporarily.
8. a kind of method that improves Krause's crayfish breeding survival rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that described close shrimp sterilization is to use the liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection of 10-30 mg/litre concentration 8-12 minute in storage pond, holding pond.
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| CN101946729B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-02-13 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | Method for estimating total output of procambrus clarkii cultured in pond |
| CN102349457B (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-12-19 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for improving pond entry survival rate of parent Exopalaemon modestus |
| CN103563807B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北强农水产食品有限责任公司 | Fresh-preserving transportation method for ricefield eels |
| CN115486397B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-07-07 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for improving growth speed and stress resistance of young litopenaeus vannamei |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101016105A (en) * | 2007-02-25 | 2007-08-15 | 福建师范大学 | Temperature control dry transportation technique for living south America white prawn |
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| CN101016105A (en) * | 2007-02-25 | 2007-08-15 | 福建师范大学 | Temperature control dry transportation technique for living south America white prawn |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 杨保国.亲虾的收集与运输.云南科技报 3.2005,(3), |
| 杨保国.亲虾的收集与运输.云南科技报 3.2005,(3), * |
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