CN101154732B - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101154732B CN101154732B CN2007101532937A CN200710153293A CN101154732B CN 101154732 B CN101154732 B CN 101154732B CN 2007101532937 A CN2007101532937 A CN 2007101532937A CN 200710153293 A CN200710153293 A CN 200710153293A CN 101154732 B CN101154732 B CN 101154732B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a fuel cell system, including: fuel cell; gas supply-exhaust part, for supplying gas to the fuel cell; as well as ice-out device, for thawing bespeak part when the bespeak part of the gas supply-exhaust part is freezed.
Description
The explanation of dividing an application
The application be the applying date be November 21, application number in 2003 be 200310119679.8 and denomination of invention be the dividing an application of Chinese invention patent application of " control method of fuel cell system and this fuel cell system ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to control the technology of fuel cell start-up, this fuel cell system is by the which generate electricity by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen.
Background technology
Recently, as energy source of new generation, the fuel cell system that generates electricity by the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen has caused people's extensive concern.As everyone knows, in fuel cell system, aquatic products is born in electrochemical reaction, and these water are normally used for the inside of cooled fuel cell or are discharged to the outside by discharge tube.
But, when this fuel cell system for example places ambient temperature to be lower than the cryogenic conditions of solidifying point or uses under this cryogenic conditions, consider that the water in the valve of staying fuel cell system, pump, the pipe etc. will freeze, this can cause fuel cell system not work or shorten the useful life of fuel cell system.
Summary of the invention
Consider said circumstances, the invention provides a kind of fuel cell system and this fuel cell system corresponding method of operation, this system can avoid owing to the icing problem that causes in fuel cell system.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell system, it comprises fuel cell, gas supply-discharge unit, this part is used for supplying with the employed gas or be used for from fuel cell exhaust waste gas of generating electricity therein to fuel cell, and control device, this device is judged when the starting fluid battery system in the specific part that is included in the fuel cell system that comprises gas supply-discharge unit or the element and occur/is not occurred freezing, and freeze when in gas supply-discharge unit, detecting, even when just part is freezed, forbid the startup of fuel cell system.
According to a first aspect of the invention, before the operation of starting fluid battery system, may detect freezing in the gas supply-discharge unit.Therefore, can prevent to cause the fuel cell system degradation owing to using the fuel cell system generating be in the frozen state therefore avoid producing in the fuel cell system unusual or lost efficacy.
In fuel cell system according to first aspect, temperature-detecting device preferably is set, be used for detecting the temperature at least one part of fuel cell system or the element, if by this temperature-detecting device the temperature that measures is lower than reference value, then control device is suitable for judging and occurs freezing.This temperature-detecting device can detect ambient temperature, fuel gas temperature, coolant temperature or the like.And fuel cell system is suitable for making the relevant judgement that occur/does not occur freezing when detected temperature is higher than reference value.By this layout, can avoid delay to fuel cell start-up.
And, preferably, be provided for the pressure-detecting device of the pressure of detected gas supply-discharge unit, and control device occur/does not occur freezing according to being judged by the detected pressure of this pressure-detecting device.For example, supply with or the valve open of the gas flow of discharging if be used to regulate, and this valve opens the pressure that the back obtains in predetermined a period of time and be lower than reference value, then control device judges that at least one part or the element of fuel cell system freeze.And, also may distinguish fuel cell system element or frozen state and part frozen state partly by the variation of reference pressure.Herein, " part frozen state " refers to the state that a kind of valve does not freeze fully, and be unusual although valve can be operated performance.In this case, according to the position of operated valve and pressure sensor, can judge the particular location and the state that freeze in the fuel cell system.
And, preferably be provided with force (forcing) pump for example be used to supply with or the electric driving element of emission gases, control device is determined occur/not occur freezing according to the electric energy that supplies to this electric driving element.For example, control device occur/does not occur freezing by the target drives value of comparison electric driving element and the actual drive level judgement of this electric driving element operating period acquisition, and the target drives value of described electric driving element is by indicated with the corresponding driving command of the electric energy that supplies to electric driving element.And, can judge freezing degree according to the deviation between these values.
And, preferably, when determining that gas supply-discharge unit does not freeze and other element of fuel cell system or part when freezing, fuel cell start-up, and freeze element or part and adopt the electric power that generates in the power generation process or at least a the thawing in the heat.In this course of defrosting, preferably forbid or suspend other various functions or control, up to the end of thawing.
Description of drawings
The present invention aforesaid and/or other purpose, characteristics and advantage can become more obvious following in reference to the accompanying drawing description of preferred embodiments, and identical in the accompanying drawings label is used for representing components identical, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the view of the structure of fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 be illustrate a present embodiment control unit structure and from the view of the signal of these control unit input and output;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart, and the flow process that control unit is carried out is shown, and occur/does not occur freezing in the fuel cell system according to present embodiment so that judge;
Fig. 4 A is a curve chart to 4C, and the variation of each state downforce in the present embodiment is shown;
Fig. 5 A is a curve chart to 5C, and the variation of each state downforce in the present embodiment is shown;
Fig. 6 is a curve chart, and hydrogen pump change in rotational speed under each state is shown in the present embodiment;
Fig. 7 is a flow chart, and the flow process that control unit 100 is performed is shown when detecting in the present embodiment when freezing; With
Fig. 8 is a curve chart, is depicted as the increase of the step number that the valve opened in the modification of present embodiment takes.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the view of the structure of fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, fuel cell system is used as the power supply of the electric motor car that adopts motor driven.When the driver operated accelerator, vehicle generated electricity and uses the power drive that is produced.It should be noted that herein the present invention should be not limited to the fuel cell system in this car, it can form other various types of fuel cell systems that comprise the available fuel cell system.
With reference to Fig. 1, this fuel cell system comprises by mutually stacked its of battery (fuel cell) goes up the fuel-cell stack 10 of formation, in each battery, by the which generate electricity by electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and the oxygen.Each battery all has hydrogen lateral electrode (that is, anode) and oxygen lateral electrode (that is, negative electrode), and a dielectric film is set between them.This dielectric film is a solid polymer dielectric film, Nafion dielectric film (registered trade mark) for example, so each battery all forms the solid polymer type battery.Needless to say, other various types of fuel cells also can be used among other embodiment.
For the cathode side of fuel-cell stack 10, provide compressed air as oxygen-containing gas.Air sucks by filter 40, and by compressor 41 compressions.Compressed air arrives fuel-cell stack 10 by passage 35 at last by humidifier 42 humidifications then.Be provided with a temperature sensor 102 in the passage 35, be used to detect inlet temperature.The waste gas (hereinafter will be called " cathode exhaust gas ") of discharging from cathode side is discharged into the external world by passage 36 and muffler 43.The supply pressure of gas is detected by the pressure sensor 53 that is arranged in the passage 36, and is regulated according to self opening degree by adjuster valve 27.
On the other hand, be contained in hydrogen in the hydrogen gas tank 20 supplies to fuel-cell stack 10 by passage 32 anode-side.In another embodiment, can regenerate by alcohol, carbohydrate, acetaldehyde etc. and produce hydrogen, rather than adopt the hydrogen that is stored in this hydrogen gas tank.
Hydrogen keeps storage of higher pressures in hydrogen gas tank 20.When hydrogen was provided to the anode-side of fuel-cell stack 10, its pressure and amount were regulated with the shut off valve 21 that is arranged on hydrogen gas tank 20 outlets 21 downstreams, adjuster valve 22 and high pressure valve 23.The waste gas (hereinafter will be called " anode exhaust gas ") that derives from anode-side is discharged in the passage 33.And, be used to control supply pressure and the pressure sensor 51 of amount and the downstream that valve 25 is arranged on the outlet of fuel-cell stack 10 anode-side of hydrogen.
Because the more residual hydrogen that do not use in anode exhaust gas, when therefore the drain valve 26 in being arranged on discharge-channel 34 cut out, anode exhaust gas just passed through passage 32 recirculation in fuel-cell stack 10.Therefore, make anodic gas recirculation can effectively utilize this residual hydrogen.
But during the anode exhaust gas re-circulation, exogenous impurity (that is, the material except hydrogen, for example nitrogen) is not consumed in generating.Therefore, this material concentration when carrying out recirculation of staying in the recycle gas increases.Therefore, according to present embodiment, when the concentration of exogenous impurity was increased to specific degrees, drain valve 26 was opened, so anode exhaust gas is sent in the diluter 44 by discharge-channel 34.Through dilution in diluter 44, anode exhaust gas finally is discharged into the external world, thereby the exogenous impurity of recirculation reduces.But hydrogen also is discharged with other material simultaneously, therefore preferably sets the aperture of drain valve 26 as far as possible little from the angle of fuel economy.Be provided with a heater 47 near the drain valve 26, be used for when drain valve 26 freezes, it being thawed.The heat that produces in electric power that pump 46 employing fuel-cell stacks 10 produce or the power generation process thaws valve 26.
Cooling agent supplies to fuel-cell stack 10 with hydrogen and oxygen.Cooling agent is sent to fuel-cell stack 10 by pump 46 by passage 37, simultaneously along being cooled in the radiator 38 of same channels setting.And the temperature sensor 103 that is used to detect coolant temperature is placed on the exit of fuel-cell stack 10.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the structure of the control unit 100 that is used to control fuel cell system is shown.Control unit 100 is the microcomputers that comprise CPU, RAM, ROM etc., according to the operation that is stored in the program control fuel cell system among the ROM.With reference to Fig. 2, on behalf of control unit 100, each arrow receive or output to the signal of each element from each element.For example, these signals comprise the output signal that outputs to shut off valve 21, drain valve 26, compressor 41, hydrogen pump 45, heater 47 and display 60.Display 60 is set so that display message is notified the user, for example, the startup of fuel cell system 10 is under an embargo, or fuel cell system thaws.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart, and the flow process that control unit 100 is carried out is shown, so that when the driver carries out the operation of starting fluid battery system, judges in the fuel cell system occur/not occur freezing.Suitable hereinafter place will call this flow process " freezing decision process ".
When starting this flow process, control unit 100 is opened shut off valve 21, adjuster valve 22, high pressure valve 23 and low pressure valve 24, so hydrogen supplies to fuel-cell stack 10 (step S10) from hydrogen gas tank 20 by passage 32.Then, control unit 100 reads ambient temperature (step S11) by temperature sensor 102.
If detected ambient temperature is higher than a reference value (step S12: be), then do not freeze in the control unit 100 judgement fuel cell systems.Therefore, in this case, control unit 100 is carried out the normal start-up operation (step S16) of fuel cell system.Judge that for carrying out this control unit 100 can be additionally or alternatively with reference to the record by temperature sensor 102 detected ambient temperatures." reference value " equals a temperature that is higher than the solidifying point of water at least.
If detected ambient temperature is not higher than reference value (step S12: not), then occur probably in the fuel cell system freezing.Therefore, control unit 100 is carried out one and is used to judge appearance/the do not occur this program of freezing (step S13).Five elements of operation in this program, and be used in behind each element of operation or the six kinds of states of parameter evaluation that obtain in the operating process, occur/do not occur freezing so that determine.
Hereinafter with reference to the assessment of explaining in detail at the form shown in the frame of step S13 these six kinds of states.At first assess first kind of state, open the back in predetermined a period of time at shut off valve 21, control unit 100 obtains pressure by pressure sensor 51.When not freezing in the fuel cell system, pressure can increase owing to the hydrogen of supplying with.Therefore in this assessment,, then have in the control unit 100 judgement fuel cell systems and freeze if the pressure that obtains is lower than reference value.In this case, can think one or more freezing in shut off valve 21, adjuster 22, high pressure valve 23, the low pressure valve 24 etc.
Then, control unit 100 is by opening second kind of state of drain valve 26 assessments.When drain valve 26 was opened like this, anode exhaust gas was discharged into the external world through discharge-channel 34 and diluter 44, so the pressure around the drain valve 26 reduces.Therefore in this assessment, open the back in predetermined a period of time at drain valve 26, control unit 100 obtains pressure by pressure sensor 54.If the pressure that obtains is higher than reference value, then has in the control device 100 judgement fuel cell systems and freeze.In this case, can think one or more freezing in drain valve 26, the discharge-channel 34 etc.
Fig. 4 A is to be illustrated in drain valve 26 under each state to open the curve chart that back pressure changes to 4C.That is, Fig. 4 A relates to normal condition (that is, non-frozen state), and Fig. 4 B relates to the part frozen state, and Fig. 4 C relates to frozen state.In each curve chart, the ordinate representative pressure, abscissa is represented the time, in the Δ t time that the vertical line that two ends have an arrow is illustrated in drain valve 26 after opening by pressure sensor 54 detected pressure variety.
With reference to Fig. 4 A, in normal condition, pressure begins to reduce when drain valve 26 is opened, and reaches and be stabilized in horizontal C.This expression drain valve 26 has opened and anode exhaust gas has been discharged into the external world.With reference to Fig. 4 B, in the part frozen state, as in the above-mentioned normal condition, pressure begins to reduce when drain valve 26 is opened, but stops to reduce at the horizontal B that is higher than horizontal C.This shows that drain valve 26 part freezes, so it can not open fully, so the anode exhaust gas flow of discharging lacks than above-mentioned normal condition.With reference to Fig. 4 C, in frozen state, it is constant that pressure remains on horizontal A.This shows that drain valve 26 freezes, so its maintenance closed condition, does not allow the anode exhaust gaseous emission to extraneous.In this way, by being scheduled to detected pressure in a period of time, may judge occur/not occur in the fuel cell system freezing with reference to open the back at drain valve 26.
Get back to Fig. 3 and assess the third state, thus control unit 100 close drain valve 26 subsequently and stop the anode exhaust gas purging so that increase pressure.In this assessment, close the back in predetermined a period of time at drain valve 26, control unit 100 obtains pressure by pressure sensor 54.If the pressure that obtains is lower than reference value, then has in the control unit 100 judgement fuel cell systems and freeze.In this case, for example can think that drain valve 26 freezes.
Fig. 5 A is to be illustrated in drain valve 26 under each state to close the curve chart that back pressure changes to 5C.That is, Fig. 5 A relates to normal condition (that is, non-frozen state), and Fig. 5 B relates to the part frozen state, and Fig. 5 C relates to frozen state.In each curve chart, the ordinate representative pressure, abscissa is represented the time, in the Δ t time that the vertical line that two ends have an arrow is illustrated in drain valve 26 after opening by pressure sensor 54 detected pressure variety.According to this decision procedure that freezes, the assessment of the third state only do not detected in aforesaid second kind of state estimation make when freezing.
With reference to Fig. 5 A, in normal condition, pressure begins to increase from horizontal C when closing drain valve 26, and increases and be stabilized to horizontal A.This shows that drain valve 26 has been closed and anode exhaust gas stops discharging.With reference to Fig. 5 B, in the part frozen state, as in the above-mentioned normal condition, pressure begins to increase from horizontal C when drain valve 26 cuts out, but stops to increase at horizontal D.Herein, " part frozen state " relates to the state that drain valve 26 is partly freezed, so it is not by complete closed such as accumulated ice.In this state, anode exhaust gas partly is discharged into the external world, and therefore, the recruitment of pressure is less than above-mentioned normal condition.With reference to Fig. 5 C, in frozen state, it almost is the horizontal E of par that pressure only is increased to from horizontal C.As in above-mentioned part frozen state, this is because accumulated ice is formed on the opening/closing part of drain valve 26, though therefore receive from control unit 100 close the control signal of drain valve 25 time, it still keeps closing.Therefore, anode discharge gas is to extraneous, so pressure increases hardly.Therefore, by being scheduled to detected pressure in a period of time, may judge occur/not occur in the fuel cell system freezing with reference to close the back at drain valve 26.
Get back to Fig. 3 and assess the 4th kind of state, control unit 100 starts hydrogen pump 45 subsequently so that pressurization anode exhaust gas.In this assessment, actual detected rotating speed departs from whether exceed predeterminated level to the instruction rotating speed of control unit 100 judgement hydrogen pump 45 mutually with it.If then have in the control unit 100 judgement fuel-cell stacks 10 and freeze.In this case, for example can think that hydrogen pump 45 freezes.Fig. 6 is the curve chart that is illustrated in the rotation speed change of hydrogen pump 45 under every kind of state.
More particularly, this curve chart is illustrated in control unit 100 and has sent after the order that starts hydrogen pump 45 observed hydrogen pump 45 change in rotational speed in the t3 time.Ordinate is represented rotating speed, and abscissa is represented the time.With reference to Fig. 6, curve X represents the instruction rotating speed of hydrogen pump 45, promptly outputs to the indicated rotating speed of target of command signal of hydrogen pump 45 from control unit 100.Simultaneously, curve Y represents the actual speed of hydrogen pump 45.If hydrogen pump 45 is freezed, then detected actual speed still is horizontal B in the time t3 after hydrogen pump 45 starts, although the instruction rotating speed of this time equals horizontal A.This shows that hydrogen pump 45 freezes, the bondd obstruction of accumulated ice thereon of the rotating speed of hydrogen pump 45.In this way, by the instruction rotating speed of reference hydrogen air pump 45 and the discrepancy delta R between the actual speed, may judge occur/not occur in the fuel cell system freezing.
Get back to Fig. 3 and assess the 5th kind of state, control unit 100 reuses hydrogen pump 45.Promptly, control unit 100 starts hydrogen pump 45 so that pressurization anode exhaust gas, and judge whether to have in the fuel cell system and freeze that wherein inlet pressure and outlet pressure are obtained by pressurization back as described above at anode exhaust gas according to the inlet pressure of hydrogen pump 45 and the difference between the outlet pressure.At this moment, control unit 100 obtains inlet pressure by pressure sensor 51, obtains outlet pressure by pressure sensor 54.If the measures of dispersion between two pressure is equal to or greater than reference value (amount), then has in the control device 100 judgement fuel cell systems and freeze.In this case, for example can think that check-valves 28 freezes.That is, after hydrogen pump 45 pressurizations, anode exhaust gas is regulated at check-valves 28 places, so its in normal condition (that is non-frozen state) flow in the passage 32.If but check-valves 28 freezes, then anode exhaust gas can not flow in the passage 32, so the outlet pressure of hydrogen pump 45 raises.
Next assess the 6th kind of state, control unit 100 starts compressor 41 so that supply with compressed air to fuel-cell stack 10, and obtains air fed pressure by pressure sensor 53.If the pressure that obtains is higher than reference value, then has in the control unit 100 judgement fuel cell systems and freeze.In this case, for example can think that adjuster valve 27 freezes.Adjuster valve 27 is used to regulate the air supply pressure by passage 36, so that make it remain on specified level.Therefore, when the pressure that obtains by pressure sensor 53 is higher than reference value, show that adjuster valve 27 freezes, so supply pressure can not be regulated correctly.
(step S14: not), then control unit 100 carries out normal running (step S16) if control unit 100 does not detect any freezing through various assessments described above.On the contrary, freeze (step S14: be) if control unit 100 detects, then control unit 100 carries out following operation.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart, illustrates when the flow process that detects the operation of carrying out corresponding to control unit 100 when freezing in said process.In this flow process, freeze if in step S14, determine to have in the fuel cell system, then control unit judges whether just drain valve 26 freezes (step S20).
If control unit 100 starting fluid battery systems (step S23) then because provide air and hydrogen less than influence to fuel-cell stack 10, are increased to specific degrees up to the concentration of exogenous impurity.Subsequently, heater 47 is opened, and the electric power that adopts fuel cell system to produce makes drain valve 26 thaw (step S24).At this moment, the heat energy that generates by the fuel cell system generating drain valve 26 that can be used for thawing.As shown in Figure 7, in course of defrosting, control unit 100 is at a piece of news shown in the display 60, so that notify user system thaw (step S25).
Equally, if judging other element of fuel cell system or part in step S20 freezes, then control unit 100 is closed in the shut off valve of opening among the step S10 21, so that stop hydrogen supply (step S21), and forbid on display 60, a piece of news being shown so that the startup (step S22) of notifying the user to forbid system simultaneously by fuel cell start-up.This is because when other element except drain valve 26 or part when freezing, and air and hydrogen that can subtend fuel-cell stack 10 be supplied with some influences of generation.Therefore, if starting fluid battery system in this case probably makes the fuel cell system degradation.Therefore in this case, preferably forbid the startup of fuel cell system.
According to the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention, may before beginning operation, judge in the fuel cell system and occur/not occur freezing, and which element that can the fuel cell system or part freeze to control the startup of fuel cell system, thereby avoid the fuel cell system variation.And, as carrying out the above-mentioned prerequisite of freezing decision procedure, detect ambient temperature in advance, if under detected ambient temperature, can not freeze, then fuel cell system starts not carrying out under the situation that is used to detect any further operation of freezing, therefore can not cause any delay in the process of starting fluid battery system.And the message that is used to notify the user to carry out and thaws etc. is presented at display, so the user confirms that system is normal.It is more convenient that these features use fuel cell system.
Some modification examples according to the fuel cell system of the foregoing description will be described below.In the above-described embodiments, be used to judge appearance/do not occur and relevant the freezing of valve that comprises shut off valve 21 and drain valve 26 by the detected pressure of the pressure sensor that is arranged on the fuel cell system relevant position.But, for example be used to open the step number that valve takes and also can be used for identical judgement.Fig. 8 is a curve chart, illustrate when the valve maximum opening corresponding to the 5th when step, under various states, open the increase of the step number (abbreviating " step number " as) that valve takes in suitable place.In Fig. 8, the increase of solid line representative step number in normal condition (that is, non-frozen state), the increase of dotted line representative step number in frozen state.With reference to this figure, step number was increased to for the 5th step step by step in normal condition.On the contrary, in frozen state, step number stopped to increase before arriving for the 5th step, for example shown in Figure 8ly was increased to for the 2nd step.This shows that valve freezes, and therefore can not be opened.In this way, just can easily judge by the step number of reference valve and occur or do not occur freezing.
In the above-described embodiments, when only drain valve 26 freezed, fuel cell system can start, and the electric power and/or the heat that generate in the drain valve 26 usefulness fuel cell system power generation processes thaw.In another embodiment, can be additionally or adopt battery to thaw alternatively.
And in the above-described embodiments, in step S20, judge and whether have only drain valve 26 to freeze.But there is no need to carry out this judgement in another embodiment.That is, no matter which element of fuel cell system or part are freezed, and the startup of fuel cell system all is under an embargo.In this case, do not need to use heater in the fuel cell system.
And in the above-described embodiments, the relevant message (that is information) of thawing of carrying out offers the user by display in the course of defrosting.In another embodiment, this information can replace offering the user by the audio frequency prompting of for example voice message etc.
And in another embodiment, the determination step that freezes among the step S13 can be by the different order execution shown in the table.And, needn't carry out all steps, promptly only select the one or more execution in them.
And no matter occur in the fuel cell system or do not occur freezing, when transducer or the currency that is used for the motor of valve detect when unusual, the startup of fuel cell system also is under an embargo.
Although describe the present invention in detail with reference to example embodiment, be understood that the present invention is not limited only to the embodiment or the structure of example.On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and the equivalent arrangements in the scope of the invention.For example, to the above-mentioned control of fuel cell system available software algorithm not only, also the hardware element of available ad hoc structure and device are carried out.
Claims (9)
1. fuel cell system, this fuel cell system comprises:
Fuel cell;
Gas supply-discharge unit is used for supplying with the gas that uses at fuel cell to fuel cell;
Drain valve, described drain valve are located in the described gas supply-discharge unit, to discharge the gas that passes through described fuel cell;
Controller, described controller are judged in the specific part of the described fuel cell system that comprises described gas supplys-discharge unit and described drain valve or element appearance or are not occurred freezing; And
Heater is when described controller judges that when occurring freezing in the described drain valve, described heater thaws to described drain valve.
2. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of fuel cell system or element; And
Pressure detector is used for detecting the pressure with described drain valve adjacent areas;
Wherein, in the upstream of described drain valve and when described drain valve is closed, measure detected pressure, and when the normal pressure increase that takes place when closing fully once more after described drain valve is being opened compare described detected pressure only part increase and detected temperature when being lower than predetermined reference value, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
3. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of fuel cell system or element; And
Pressure detector is used for detecting the pressure with described drain valve adjacent areas;
Wherein, in the upstream of described drain valve and when described drain valve is closed, measure detected pressure, and when judging that described detected pressure does not have increase and detected temperature to be lower than predetermined reference value when closing described drain valve, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
4. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of fuel cell system or element; And
Pressure detector is used for detecting the pressure with the drain valve adjacent areas;
Wherein, in the upstream of described drain valve and when described drain valve is opened, measure detected pressure, and when the normal pressure that takes place when opening fully once more after described drain valve is being closed reduce compare described detected pressure only part reduce and detected temperature when being lower than predetermined reference value, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
5. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of fuel cell system or element; And
Pressure detector is used for detecting the pressure with the drain valve adjacent areas;
Wherein, in the upstream of described drain valve and when described drain valve is opened, measure detected pressure, and when judging that described detected pressure does not have reduction and detected temperature to be lower than predetermined reference value when opening described drain valve, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
6. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of described fuel cell system or element;
Pressure sensor, described pressure sensor is arranged in and described drain valve adjacent areas, and more detected pressure of described controller and the normal pressure that can take place after being operated and closing fully from described drain valve or opening fully change, to judge whether described drain valve freezes fully or part is freezed
Wherein, when judging that only described drain valve freezes and detected temperature when being lower than predetermined reference value, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
7. fuel cell system according to claim 1 also comprises:
At least one Temperature Detector is used for detecting the temperature of at least one part of described fuel cell system or element,
Wherein, described controller judges and occurs freezing in the described drain valve or do not occur freezing according to opening step number that described drain valve takes, and
When judging that only described drain valve freezes and detected temperature when being lower than predetermined reference value, described controller is carried out generating so that described drain valve is thawed.
8. fuel cell system according to claim 6 wherein, provides energy by generating electricity from fuel cell system to described heater.
9. fuel cell system according to claim 6 also comprises notifying device, is used for providing to the user at least a information of following two kinds of information: a) the relevant controlling device make about fuel cell system in the determination information that occurs or do not occur freezing; With b) according to the selected relevant information of thawing of carrying out of the result of same judgement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002338665A JP4179855B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2002-11-22 | Fuel cell system |
| JP338665/2002 | 2002-11-22 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101196798A Division CN100350662C (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2003-11-21 | Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same fuel cell system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101154732A CN101154732A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| CN101154732B true CN101154732B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2003101196798A Expired - Fee Related CN100350662C (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2003-11-21 | Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same fuel cell system |
| CN2007101532937A Expired - Fee Related CN101154732B (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2003-11-21 | Fuel cell system |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2003101196798A Expired - Fee Related CN100350662C (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2003-11-21 | Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same fuel cell system |
Country Status (5)
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| US (2) | US7354673B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1429409B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4179855B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100523197B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN100350662C (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100523197B1 (en) | 2005-10-24 |
| US20040106026A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| JP4179855B2 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
| JP2004172025A (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| CN101154732A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| CN1505194A (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| US20080075992A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| KR20040045349A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| CN100350662C (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| EP1429409A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| US7354673B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
| EP1429409B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| US7976999B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
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