CN101142157B - 脂肪醇的脱水方法 - Google Patents

脂肪醇的脱水方法 Download PDF

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CN101142157B
CN101142157B CN2006800085431A CN200680008543A CN101142157B CN 101142157 B CN101142157 B CN 101142157B CN 2006800085431 A CN2006800085431 A CN 2006800085431A CN 200680008543 A CN200680008543 A CN 200680008543A CN 101142157 B CN101142157 B CN 101142157B
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马库斯·迪尔克
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    • C07C1/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C07C1/24Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
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    • C07C2531/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过伯醇脱水反应制备烃的方法,其间使用三氟甲磺酸作为脱水催化剂。

Description

脂肪醇的脱水方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过伯脂肪醇的脱水反应来制备烃的方法。
背景技术
烃在化妆组合物中使用早为人知。例如使用矿物油和石蜡油作为惰性油体。从感观来看,它们具有“沉重”的皮肤感觉以及展开性差的缺点。
从低聚化的短链烯烃出发制备烃的方法有很多。甲基支链化的链烷烃以及由格尔伯特(Guerbet)醇在烷基磺酸催化剂存在下制得的产品也已公开,如DE 3911004。使用具有改善展开性的不同烃的混合物也是已知的,所述烃可按如DE 10317781或DE 10324508所述的方法制备。这些混合物难以表征并含有许多不同的具有高寡聚物的单独组份。醇脱水的不同方法早已公开并且是教科书知识(参见Organikum)。然而,这些方法中很多往往需在很高的温度(如,GB 2181070)或在相对不常见的、昂贵的催化剂(如铌酸或钽酸)存在下才能反应(WO 97/03932)。
本发明的任务是提供一种制备烃的方法,其可在适度条件下进行,并且副反应(如热解或成醚反应)较少。令人惊奇地发现,使用三氟甲磺酸作为催化剂可以解决上述问题。
发明详述
本发明的主题是一种通过伯醇脱水反应来制备烃的方法,其中使用三氟甲磺酸作为脱水催化剂。适于作为伯醇的例子有己醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十一烷醇、十一烯醇、十二烷醇、十三烷醇、十四烷醇、十五烷醇、十六烷醇、十七烷醇、十八烷醇、十八烯醇、十九烷醇、二十烷醇、二十烯醇、二十一烷醇、二十二烷醇和二十二烯醇。本发明也可使用由天然脂肪和油经通用的脂肪化学方法获得的伯醇的工业混合物。此类醇包含有己醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、花生基醇、山萮醇、油醇、反油醇、亚油醇、鳕油醇、花生四烯醇、芥醇及巴西烯醇。
优选伯醇是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C6-C30醇;优选使用C6-C18伯醇,更优选C10-C14伯醇。使用C10-C14醇的反应产率特别好。在本发明方法的一个优选实施方案中,醇选自支链的C7-C13醇。此类醇包含有格尔伯特醇,如2-乙基己醇,以及特别是Exxon公司商标为
Figure G2006800085431D00021
的醇,如异庚醇
Figure G2006800085431D00022
异辛醇
Figure G2006800085431D00023
异壬醇异癸醇
Figure G2006800085431D00025
异十一烷醇
Figure G2006800085431D00026
异十三烷醇除了2-乙基己醇,本发明可使用的格尔伯特醇还有2-丙基庚醇、2-丁基辛醇和2-己基癸醇。
本发明方法的脱水反应通常是在190~260℃的温度范围,优选在200~250℃范围,更优选在220~250℃范围内进行。在本发明方法的另一个优选实施方案中,脱水反应是在减压下进行,从而反应温度可进一步降低,因此副反应更少,这对相对长链的醇是特别有利的。对本发明也有利的是,该反应是在惰性气体(如氮气或氩气)下进行。
本发明优选的实施例是,对于脱水反应使用基于醇量的0.5~3重量%的催化剂。
工业应用
根据本发明方法制备的烃可用于许多方面,例如,在化妆组合物、家具抛光剂、纺织处理剂等。相对长链C10-C30烃,特别是C10-C20烃,特别适用于制备用于体护理和体清洁的化妆组合物,并可在霜、洗液、可喷雾乳液,消除体味的产品、泡沫浴露和沐浴露、洗发水和护理冲洗液中使用。
实施例
一般的反应步骤:
醇与催化剂(0.5-3%)一起置于蒸馏装置中并在240℃加热几个小时。蒸馏出的离析物或产物可通过水分离器再返回反应容器。得到馏出液的有机相通过硫酸钠干燥,并通过过滤分离产物。所要烯烃的产率通常>80%。
实施例1:十二碳烯
将600.0g
Figure G2006800085431D00028
C12(十二烷醇,Cognis Dentsch land GmbH&Co.KG产品)和18.0g三氟甲磺酸(25重量%的水溶液)置于蒸馏装置中并在240℃加热4小时。所得馏出液的有机相(476.0g)经硫酸钠干燥并经过滤分离产物。产物含有93.3%十二碳烯、4.6%十二烷醇和1.1%的双十二烷基醚(GC-分析)。
实施例2:异十二碳烯
将300.0g
Figure G2006800085431D00031
123(异十二烷醇,Sasol的产品)和18.0g三氟甲磺酸(50重量%的水溶液)置于蒸馏装置中并在240℃加热1.5小时。所得馏出液的有机相(171.9g)经硫酸钠干燥并经过滤分离产物。产物含有91.5%异十二碳烯、7.5%
Figure G2006800085431D00032
123和1.0%的双十二烷基醚(GC-分析)。
实施例3:异十三碳烯
将1200.0g
Figure G2006800085431D00033
13(异十三烷醇,Exxon Mobile产品)和12.0g三氟甲磺酸(25重量%的水溶液)置于蒸馏装置中并在240℃加热5小时。所得馏出液的有机相(994.6g)经硫酸钠干燥并经过滤分离产物。产物含有94.0%异十三碳烯和6.0%的异十三烷醇(GC-分析)。
JZ(Kaufmann)=194、JZ(Wijs)=241、OHZ=22.5。
实施例4:十四烯碳
将600.0g
Figure G2006800085431D00034
C14(十四烷醇)和12.0g三氟甲磺酸(25重量%的水溶液)置于蒸馏装置中,并在240℃加热5小时。所得馏出液的有机相(308.0g)经硫酸钠干燥并经过滤分离产物。产物含有84.3%十四碳烯、10.8%十四烷醇和4.8%的双十四烷基醚(GC-分析)。

Claims (6)

1.通过伯醇脱水反应制备烃的方法,其特征在于,使用三氟甲磺酸作为脱水催化剂。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为伯醇使用直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C6-C30醇。
3.按照权利要求1或2中至少一个所述的方法,其特征在于,所述醇选自支链的C7-C13醇。
4.按照权利要求1至3中至少一个所述的方法,其特征在于,脱水反应是在200~250℃温度范围内进行。
5.按照权利要求1至4中至少之一所述的方法,其特征在于,脱水反应是在减压下进行。
6.按照权利要求1至5中至少之一所述的方法,其特征在于,对于脱水反应使用0.5~3重量%的催化剂。
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PCT/EP2006/002062 WO2006097222A1 (de) 2005-03-16 2006-03-07 Verfahren zur dehydratisierung von fettalkoholen

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KR20070112460A (ko) 2007-11-26
ES2567159T3 (es) 2016-04-20
EP1858828A1 (de) 2007-11-28
JP2008538206A (ja) 2008-10-16
EP1858828B1 (de) 2016-03-02
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JP5394732B2 (ja) 2014-01-22
US20080287722A1 (en) 2008-11-20

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