CN1011379B - Technique for aquatic animals living through winter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an overwintering technology for aquatic animals by a solar ecological system, particularly to an overwintering and germchit protecting technology for aquatic animals, which belongs to the technical field of aquiculture. A solar sea water pool is built at a leeward and sunward place, a plastic tunnel is erected on the pool, and low light irradiation needed by aquatic animals (prawns) at an overwintering period is controlled by controlling the density of phytoplankton in pool water and adjusting the transparency of the water; the safe overwintering of the aquatic animals is ensured by adopting a dynamic water machine to enhance oxygen in dynamic water, adjusting heat quantity and oxygen distribution and controlling feeding quantity. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of simple device, less investment, safety, no fuel use, low cost and good economic benefits.

Description

Technique for aquatic animals living through winter

The invention belongs to the aquaculture of aquatic animal technical field, particularly the overwintering technology of seawater aquatic livestock.

Prawn, grey mullet, river Puffer, swimming crab etc. all are precious aquatic livestock kinds, are valuable aquatic livestock resources.Along with the development of propagating industry artificially, the coastal and salt water lake in the temperate zone particularly for the parent of breeding seed, and is improved and is cultured specification, and the winter issue of these aquatic livestocks more and more causes people's attention.The aquatic livestock of prior art survives the winter, and generally all is to carry out in modern moist closet.For example: the prawn relative shrimp overwintering, need control illumination with the shady deal shading with boiler or electrical heat tracing water, the timing start-up blowing aeration, the medical treatment disease is generally thrown the abundance of food and is higher than requirement, also needs regularly blowdown.The wintering method of this aquatic livestock, technology and facility complexity, the investment cost height wastes energy, and economic benefit is low, and inconvenient penetration and promotion is used.

The U.S.'s disclosed patent No. on February 17th, 1970 is 3,495, " culturing the method and the setting of pompaso and other light saltwater fishes " patent of 572, the pond of one lengthening is provided, be built in tidewater near, utilize the fresh seawater that contains aerobic, organic matter and natural biological of mobile introduction of rising tide water, the dirt in the mobile removing pond of utilization ebb water.This method can only be suitable for temperature when higher, utilizes the situation of pond culture, can not be applicable to surviving the winter of aquatic livestock.In addition, also provide in the pond and deep well has been set on every side, when cold weather, injected the method for warm water to the pond.This method need be beaten darker well, the expense height.Simultaneously, the warm water of deep-well is fresh water, fits in light salt water with seawater, can only be suitable for light salt water aquatic livestock, and for the seawater aquatic livestock, particularly require the higher aquatic livestock of salinity, and for example surviving the winter of oriental prawn parent shrimp is unfavorable.

Task of the present invention is the above-mentioned shortcoming that has the aquatic livestock overwintering technology now for overcoming, and a kind of solar energy sea water pond aquatic livestock wintering method of less expensive is provided.

Technical scheme main points of the present invention are: build the solar energy sea water pond, set up the transparent plastic booth on it; The density of phytoplankton in the control sea pond; Adopt the moving water oxygenation of submersible pump, improve bottom water temperature; The control daily ration, feeding quantity.Bring up a good environment of surviving the winter, make seawater aquatic livestock safe overwintering.

Fig. 1 is the plane in solar energy sea water pond.

Fig. 2 is an A-A profile among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a B-B profile among Fig. 1.

Following substep describes technical scheme of the present invention in detail:

One, the construction in solar energy sea water pond:

Select the leeward place that faces south, if there is not leeward condition, windproof barrier can be set, the spoil pond is as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3.Tu Chi is the rectangle pond of east-west direction layout preferably.Also can utilize former breed pond transformation, grout with brick or stone all around, can handle by general waterproofing work.Pool wall 1 is above ground level slightly, prevents that rainwater from flowing into.The area of Tu Chi is greater than 40 square metres, and preferably less than 1 mu, for ease of building and management, native pool area is comparatively suitable with 100-400 square metre; The pond is dark more than 1.5 meters, generally can be at 2-3 rice; Build up domatic, a low end at the bottom of the pond and establish a gate 7, logical collecting pit 6; After cleaning was soaked, it was husky to repave one deck cleaning, improves pool bottom environment, is convenient to aquatic livestock and perches at the bottom of the pond.A high-wall 5 is established in the north side of Tu Chi, and embrasure is all established in the thing both sides, embrasure the North and the north side high-wall is contour joins, and the south is above ground level slightly, and is corresponding with pool wall 1.Uniform some concrete columns 2 in the pond, concrete column top all are on the plane that thing wall two inclined-planes are determined, the horizontal purlin 3 of thing is set up on top, the fixing lumps of wood bar 4 of North and South direction on the purlin, and full pond is sealed with transparent plastic film.The set high-wall in the north side of Tu Chi leaves pool wall, stays a walkway, and an end is opened a wicket 8, so that enter the bait throwing in management.After Tu Chi builds up, fill the seawater through filtering, then the solar energy sea water pond is built up.

Two, the density of phytoplankton in the control sea pond:

The pond maritime interior waters is under the insulation effect of sunray irradiation and plastic tunnel, and the water temperature rising also remains in the temperature range that the aquatic livestock phase of surviving the winter can grow.Simultaneously, also constantly breeding growth of the phytoplankton in the water.The density of phytoplankton mainly shows the water colour aspect.Various aquatic livestocks all need the illumination condition of certain limit, and illumination all is unfavorable for growing of aquatic livestock too by force or too.The present invention utilizes the density of control phytoplankton to control and guarantee the aquatic livestock phase low light photograph of surviving the winter.For example prawn can be controlled at phytoplankton in the water in 10,000-200,000 cells/ml scopes, and is comparatively suitable with 20,000-100,000 cells/ml, forms water colour, can guarantee that the survive the winter low light of phase of prawn shines.When phytoplankton density is too high, can in the pond, emit the part seawater, replenish the suitable fresh seawater of portion temperature again; When phytoplankton density is low excessively, can not guarantee prawn survive the winter the phase low light according to the time, also can emit the part seawater, mend the high seawater inoculation of part phytoplankton density again, to adjust the density of phytoplankton in the control seawater pond.

Three, adopt the moving water of submersible pump:

Static seawater in the solar energy sea water pond, daytime upper strata temperature height, phytoplankton is made oxygen, the dissolved oxygen abundance, near-bottom temperature is low, dissolved oxygen lacks, and heat, oxygen lamination occur.And to night, top layer heat energy scatters and disappears easily.When skin temperature is higher at noon, adopt moving water machinery, as moving water such as submersible pump, aerators, adjust Chi Zhongre, oxygen distribution, improve bottom water temperature, increase the oxygen content in the water of whole ponds, reduce the heat energy dissipation at night, heat energy accumulation is provided, guarantees that aquatic livestock has suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen at bottom.

Four, control daily ration, feeding quantity:

When entering winter, the nature seawater temperature is low excessively, in the time of can not adapting to the aquatic livestock life, aquatic livestock is put into the solar energy sea water pond, and bait throwing in is fed.With the prawn is example, coastal in the north latitude 35.5 degree left and right sides, and in 11 months, the last ten-days period, the nature seawater temperature can not adapt to its life, at this moment the prawn that survives the winter of selecting and remain can be put into the solar energy sea water pond.Prawn is little in the phase metabolism amount of surviving the winter, and daily ration, feeding quantity is too much, on the one hand Chi Shui is polluted, and increases oxygen demand, reduces the level of dissolved oxygen, causes the waste of bait simultaneously.Thereby daily ration, feeding quantity should be a little less than requirement, and the 1/2-2/3 that generally is controlled at existing daily ration, feeding quantity is comparatively suitable, can satisfy the normal development of prawn fully, guarantees its safe overwintering.

The pond maritime interior waters is under the insulation effect of solar irradiation and transparent plastic booth, ocean temperature rises to the temperature required scope of aquatic livestock, phytoplankton breeding growth, ight soil that aquatic livestock is discharged and harmful substance are absorbed and used as the fertilizer of phytoplankton, and the oxygen that phytoplankton is made by photosynthesis, the product animal of supplying water again utilizes; Simultaneously, phytoplankton forms water colour, provides low light according to condition for prawn survives the winter, and this has just brought up a good ecosystem, feeds by bait throwing in, makes the aquatic livestock safe overwintering.

Utilize method of the present invention, after for example prawn survives the winter, also can carry out prawn seedling cultivation early in the pond, this is the shrimp raising technology measure of wideling popularize at present.After the temperature rises naturally, prawn early seedling went out the pond, removes plastic tunnel, can be used as again to culture the pond use.So a pond three usefulness in 1 year, can be accomplished in this solar energy sea water pond, fully improve the pond availability, increase economic efficiency.

In order to improve the density of surviving the winter of solar energy sea water of the present invention pond aquatic livestock, also can attachedly build one " seawater solar pond " (low-solids water solar pond), thermophilic water with deposit oxygen abundance, at severe winter, carry out a large amount of water body exchanges with the solar energy sea water pond, fresh thermophilic seawater is provided, improves water quality.In order to alleviate the phase pool water pollution of surviving the winter, the bait of input is based on clam worm and the variegated clam meat of living, even the excessive situation of bait throwing in occurs, the clam worm that lives can not caused pool water pollution yet.

Seawater aquatic livestock wintering method of the present invention is than existing modernized moist closet overwintering technology, saving equipment and raw material, a large amount of capital expenditures of saving, utilize solar energy that thermal source is provided fully,, avoid environmental pollution without fuel, technical matters is easy, the aquatic livestock physique stalwartness of surviving the winter, egg laying amount and incubation rate height, pond and existing equipment availability height, cost is low, and is easy to utilize.

Embodiment: the inventor survives the winter year at 1987-1988, carry out the prawn experiment of surviving the winter, as shown in the figure, built up one of long 19.3 meter, wide 12.9 meters, dark 2 meters solar energy sea water pond, fill it up with seawater with the filtration of 80 eye mesh screens, two submersible pumps are installed, and late November is put into female shrimp 1391 tails, male shrimp 393 tails, clam worm and variegated clam meat are bait to live, daily ration, feeding quantity is half of prior art, and cold weather pool inner water temperature is generally at 7-9 ℃, and phytoplankton density generally remains on 3-7 ten thousand cells/ml.Discharged water on March 20th, 1988 and receive shrimp, parent shrimp survival rate reaches 70%, the shrimp seedling of its breeding, formed the prawn of big specification in 1988, be used to give over to close shrimp again, be invested in 6000 tails in 500 square metres the solar energy sea water pond on November 20, daily inspection in January 6 in 1989, parent's shrimp survival rate is nearly 90%, grows normal.

Claims (2)

1, the wintering method of a kind of seawater aquatic livestock comprises that building pond, bait throwing in feeds, improves water quality and control water temperature, it is characterized in that:

(1) the said pond of building is to build the solar energy sea water pond, puts on the shelf and be provided with plastic tunnel in the pond, is domatic at the bottom of the pond and to be covered with one deck cleaning husky;

(2) said bait throwing in is fed, and its daily ration, feeding quantity is controlled at the 1/2-2/3 of prior art daily ration, feeding quantity;

(3) said control water temperature is when surface temperature is higher at noon, adopts the moving water of moving water machinery;

(4) density of phytoplankton in the control seawater pond, when phytoplankton density is low excessively, illumination is crossed when strong, emits the part seawater from the pond, mends the high seawater inoculation of part phytoplankton density again, breeds; When phytoplankton density is too high, from the pond, emit the seawater of the high phytoplankton density of part, mend the part fresh seawater.

2, wintering method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said bait throwing in, is the bait of throwing in based on live clam worm and variegated clam meat.

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