CN101128219B - 改进的n4螯合剂缀合物 - Google Patents
改进的n4螯合剂缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101128219B CN101128219B CN2005800297360A CN200580029736A CN101128219B CN 101128219 B CN101128219 B CN 101128219B CN 2005800297360 A CN2005800297360 A CN 2005800297360A CN 200580029736 A CN200580029736 A CN 200580029736A CN 101128219 B CN101128219 B CN 101128219B
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Classifications
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- C07F13/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 7 or 17 of the Periodic Table
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Abstract
本发明提供了具有生物靶向部分并通过连接基团连接的四胺螯合剂缀合物及其锝络合物,它们用作放射性药物。连接基团是使得螯合剂在桥头位置单官能化并且提供柔韧性和芳基缺乏,使亲脂性和空间体积最小化。提供了螯合剂的保护形式,使其可以与各种各样的靶向分子缀合,而不干扰与四胺螯合剂的胺氮反应。描述了官能化螯合剂的合成以及双官能螯合物前体。描述了包含本发明的锝金属络合物的放射性药物组合物,以及用于制备这类放射性药物的非放射性药盒。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及改进的具有生物靶向分子的四胺螯合剂缀合物,该缀合物适于与放射性金属99mTc形成金属络合物。该放射性金属络合物可用作99mTc放射性药物。也提供了药盒和前体。
发明背景
US 5489425(Dow Chemical)公开了各种开链和大环官能化四胺螯合剂,其可用于络合金属,特别是放射性和非放射性铑络合物,尤其是105Rh或101mRh放射性金属络合物。所公开的具体四胺包括:
已经描述了可用于与单克隆抗体或其片段缀合的双官能螯合剂,供治疗或诊断用。US 5489425公开了(实施例21、22a和23)抗体-放射性金属络合螯合剂缀合物的制备方法:先形成105Rh金属络合物,再与抗体反应,最后进行纯化。US 5489425没有公开非络合的抗体-螯合剂缀合物,即没有配位的放射性金属。US 5489425没有教导如何区别这样的抗体缀合反应中螯合剂的侧链胺(pendant amine)与四个胺。US 5489425声称双官能螯合剂“也可用于络合锝和铼”,但没有公开如何进行,也没有公开任何实际的锝络合物。
US 5650134公开了一系列螯合剂的促生长素抑制素肽-螯合剂缀合物。实施例1描述了6-(对异硫氰酸基苄基)-1,4,8,11-四氮杂十一烷与奥曲肽(octreotide)的缀合。
EP 1181936 A1公开了四胺螯合剂的铃蟾肽(即十四肽)缀合物(是用双官能螯合剂BBN-1和BBN-2制备的)及其99mTc络合物:
其中Boc=叔丁氧羰基保护基。
据说99mTc络合物能够从鼠体内经肾脏和泌尿系统快速清除。然而,EP 1181936 A1对BBN-1或BBN-2的合成并未提供任何说明或参考,仅仅提供了将它们与铃蟾肽N-端缀合的步骤。Nock等[Eur.J.Nucl.Med.,30(2),247-258(2003)]也已介绍了将BBN-2与铃蟾肽缀合并用99mTc标记,得到潜在的肿瘤造影用放射性药物。与现有的铃蟾肽-螯合物缀合物相比,据说99mTc络合物能得到改进的亲水性,因此有望促进经肾脏和泌尿系统的排泄。
Maina等介绍了将BBN-1与奥曲肽缀合并用99mTc标记,得到潜在的肿瘤造影用放射性药物,用于人类患者[Eur.J.Nucl.Med.,30(9),1211-1219(2003)]。上述BBN-1或BBN-2的出版物都未能提供BBN-1或BBN-2的任何合成方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了具有生物靶向部分并通过连接基团连接的四胺螯合剂缀合物及其锝络合物,它们用作放射性药物。连接基团是使得螯合剂在桥头位置单官能化并且提供柔韧性和芳基缺乏,使亲脂性和空间体积最小化。提供了螯合剂的合适保护形式,使其可以与各种各样的靶向分子缀合,而不干扰与四胺螯合剂的胺氮反应。描述了官能化螯合剂的合成以及双官能螯合物前体。
描述了包含本发明的锝金属络合物的放射性药物组合物,以及用于制备这类放射性药物的非放射性药盒。
发明详述
在第一个实施方案中,本发明提供下式(I)的阳离子99mTc锝络合物:
其中:
X为-NR-、-CO2-、-CO-、-NR(C=S)-、-NR(C=O)-、-CONR-或Q基团;
每个Y独立地为D-氨基酸、L-氨基酸、-CH2-、-CH2OCH2-或-OCH2CH2O-或X基团;
Z为合成生物靶向部分;
n为1-8的整数;
m为0-30的整数;
R为H、C1-4烷基、C2-4烷氧基烷基、C1-4羟基烷基或C1-4氟代烷基;
Q为
A为抗衡离子;
前提条件是X1-(Y)m链中的原子缺乏键,其中一个杂原子直接与另一个杂原子键合。
锝放射性同位素可以是适于PET造影的γ-发射体(例如99mTc)或正电子发射体(例如94mTc)。优选的锝放射性同位素是99mTc或94mTc,最优选99mTc。
X优选为-CONR-、-NR(C=O)-或Q基团。X最优选为-CONR-或-NR(C=O)-,其中特别优选-CONH-和-NH(C=O)-。
选择式I的连接基团-(CH2)n-X-(Y)m-,使得X1-(Y)m链中的原子缺乏键,其中一个杂原子直接与另一个杂原子键合,其中术语“杂原子”是指非碳原子,例如氮、氧或硫。这意味着链中缺乏O-O、N-N或O-N等键。
人们认为,式I的连接基团-(CH2)n-X-(Y)m-的作用是将锝络合物与体内生物靶向部分(Z)的活性结合部位间隔开。这有助于确保相对庞大的锝络合物在空间上不会阻碍与体内活性部位的结合。亚烷基-(CH2)n-的优势是与缀合的生物靶向部分(Z)没有明显的氢键相互作用,使得连接基不会包裹在Z上。优选的亚烷基的n=1-6,最优选2-4,其中特别优选2。
本发明的连接基团缺乏芳环。这有助于尽量降低锝络合物+连接基团的亲脂性,该连接基团与缀合物的生物靶向部分(Z)结合。连接基团(以及锝络合物)的空间体积和分子量也要最小化,同时保持键的柔韧性。
连接基团的特性也可用于改变造影剂的生物分布。因此,例如将醚基团引入-(Y)m-将有助于使血浆蛋白结合最小化。当-(Y)m-包括聚乙二醇(PEG)结构单元或1-10个氨基酸残基的肽链时,连接基团可起到在体内改变造影剂的药代动力学和血液清除率的作用。这类“生物改性剂”连接基团有助于将锝造影剂从背景组织(例如肌肉或肝脏)和/或从血液中清除出去,因而得到更好的诊断影像,因为降低了背景干扰。生物改性剂连接基团也可用于促进特定的排泄途径,例如通过肾脏,而不是肝脏。或者,它们可延长血液滞留时间,允许更多造影剂在体内靶部位蓄积。
当-(Y)m-包含氨基酸残基肽链时,这些氨基酸残基优选选自甘氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸或丝氨酸。肽链中氨基酸的数量优选为1-10,最优选1-3。
当-(Y)m-包含PEG部分时,它优选包含式(-OCH2CH2O-)w的基团,其中w为3-25的整数。整数w优选为6-22。一个特别优选的含PEG的-(Y)m-基团是衍生自单分散性PEG样结构聚合的单元,即下式IV的17-氨基-5-氧代-6-氮杂-3,9,12,15-四氧杂十七烷酸:
其中p为1-10的整数。
术语“氟代烷基”是指具有至少一个氟取代基的烷基,即该术语包括从一氟代烷基(例如-CH2F)至全氟代烷基(例如CF3)的基团。
-(Y)m-基团优选包括二乙醇酸部分、马来酰亚胺部分、戊二酸、琥珀酸、基于聚乙二醇的单元或式IV的PEG样单元。
术语“合成”是指该术语的常规含义,即人造的,而不是从天然来源(例如哺乳动物体内)分离得到的。这类化合物的优势是可以完全控制它们的制备和杂质分布型。因此,单克隆抗体及其片段未落入本发明权利要求书的范围。
术语“生物靶向部分”是指3-100聚体肽或肽类似物,其可以是线状肽或环状肽或其组合;或酶底物、酶拮抗剂或酶抑制剂;合成受体-结合化合物;寡核苷酸或寡DNA或寡RNA片段。
术语“环肽”是指两个末端氨基酸通过共价键连接在一起的5-15个氨基酸的序列,该共价键可以是肽键或二硫键或合成非肽键(例如硫醚键、磷酸二酯键、二甲硅醚键或尿烷键)。术语“氨基酸”是指L-氨基酸、D-氨基酸、氨基酸类似物或氨基酸模拟物,它们可以任选是旋光纯的(即为单一对映体,因此为手性的)或为对映体的混合物。优选的本发明氨基酸是旋光纯的。术语“氨基酸模拟物”是指天然存在氨基酸的合成类似物,它们是等构物,即经设计以模拟天然化合物的空间和电子结构。这类等构物是本领域技术人员众所周知的,包括但不限于缩肽类、逆-倒位肽类(retro-inverso peptides)、硫代酰胺类、环烷烃类或1,5-二取代的四唑[参见M.Goodman,Biopolymers,24,137,(1985)]。
用于本发明的合适肽包括:
-促生长素抑制素、奥曲肽和类似物。
-与ST受体结合的肽,其中ST是指由大肠杆菌(E.coli)和其它微生物产生的热稳定毒素;
-层粘连蛋白片段,例如YIGSR、PDSGR、IKVAV、LRE和KCQAGTFALRGDPQG,
-靶向白细胞累积部位的N-甲酰基肽,
-血小板因子4(PF4)及其片段,
-含有RGD(Arg-Gly-Asp)的肽,其可以例如靶向血管生成[R.Pasqualini等,Nat Biotechnol.1997年6月;15(6):542-6];[E.Ruoslahti,Kidney Int.1997年5月;51(5):1413-7]。
-α2-抗纤溶酶、纤连蛋白或β-酪蛋白的肽片段、血纤蛋白原或凝血栓蛋白。α2-抗纤溶酶、纤连蛋白、β-酪蛋白、血纤蛋白原和凝血栓蛋白的氨基酸序列可在以下文献中找到:α2-抗纤溶酶前体[M.Tone等,J.Biochem,102,1033,(1987)];β-酪蛋白[L.Hansson等,Gene,139,193,(1994)];纤连蛋白[A.Gutman等,FEBS Lett.,207,145,(1996)];凝血栓蛋白-1前体[V.Dixit等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,83,5449,(1986)];R.F.Doolittle,Ann.Rev.Biochem.,53,195,(1984);
-作为血管紧张素的底物或抑制剂的肽,所述血管紧张素例如:血管紧张素II Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe(E.C.Jorgensen等,J.Med.Chem.,1979,第22卷,9,1038-1044)[Sar,Ile]血管紧张素II:Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Ile(R.K.Turker等,Science,1972,177,1203)。
-血管紧张素I:Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu。
优选本发明的肽包括抗纤溶酶或血管紧张素II肽。抗纤溶酶肽包括取自以下的N端的氨基酸序列:
(i)α2-抗纤溶酶,
即NH2-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Ser-Pro-Leu-Thr-Leu-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-OH
或其变异体,其中一个或多个氨基酸已经替换、添加或去除,例如:
NH2-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Ser-Pro-Leu-Thr-Leu-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-Gly-OH,
NH2-Asn-Gln-Glu-Ala-Val-Ser-Pro-Leu-Thr-Leu-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-Gly-OH,
NH2-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Gly-OH;或
(ii)酪蛋白
即Ac-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gln-Ser-Lys-Val-Ile-Gly。
本发明的合成肽可通过常规固相合成而得到,参见P.Lloyd-Williams,F.Albericio和E.Girald;Chemical Approaches to the Synthesisof Peptides and Proteins,CRC Press,1997。
合适的酶底物、酶拮抗剂或酶抑制剂包括葡萄糖和葡萄糖类似物(例如氟代脱氧葡萄糖);脂肪酸或弹性蛋白酶,血管紧张素II或金属蛋白酶抑制剂。优选的非肽血管紧张素II拮抗剂是氯沙坦。
合适的合成受体-结合化合物包括雌二醇、雌激素、黄体激素、黄体酮和其它甾体激素;多巴胺D-1或D-2受体的配体,或多巴胺转运蛋白,例如托品烷;和5-羟色胺受体的配体。
生物靶向部分(Z)的优选分子量小于5000,最优选小于4000,理想的是小于3000。它的优势在于本发明四胺锝络合物的改进的生物特性可影响式I缀合物锝络合物体内总体分布,尤其是清除率。当n为3,X包括直接与(CH2)n基团键合的氮原子时,则选择Z为合成的,分子量小于4000。优选的生物靶向部分是3-20聚体肽或酶底物、酶拮抗剂或酶抑制剂。
抗衡离子(A-)代表等摩尔量存在的阴离子,因此可与式I的Tc(V)二氧代锝络合物上的正电荷平衡。阴离子(A)适宜带一个电荷或多个电荷,只要是电荷平衡量。阴离子适宜来自无机酸或有机酸。合适的阴离子的实例包括:卤素离子(例如氯离子或溴离子)、硫酸根、硝酸根、柠檬酸根、乙酸根、磷酸根和硼酸根。优选的阴离子是氯离子。
式I的锝络合物的优势在于它们在络合物形成后是稳定的,并包含一个优先将锝与生物靶向部分结合的活性螯合配体(avidcheland)。因此,锝络合物在体内不会经历与生物大分子或竞争性配体的螯合转移反应(transchelation reaction)。锝络合物体积小且结构紧密,可用于对缀合的生物靶向部分(Z)具有最小的空间影响。永久性的阳离子变化和Tc(V)二氧代核心意味着络合物也是亲水性的,因此在胞内不会分布到其它区室中,所以在体内可从背景器官和组织中更快地清除出去,例如从血流中清除出去。
按照下面第二个实施方案所述,可通过将合适来源的锝与式II螯合剂缀合物反应而制备式I的锝络合物。
在第二个实施方案中,本发明提供下式II的螯合剂缀合物:
其中:
X、Y、Z、n和m如上定义;
Q1-Q6独立地为Q基团,其中Q为H或氨基保护基。
螯合剂缀合物可用于制备第一个实施方案中的式I锝络合物。
术语“保护基”是指这样的基团:它能抑制或阻止不需要的化学反应,但又具有足够的反应性,能够在不修饰分子的其余部分的足够温和的条件下从所述官能团上切割下来。脱保护后,得到想要的产物。氨基保护基是本领域技术人员众所周知的,适宜选自:Boc(其中Boc为叔丁氧羰基)、Fmoc(其中Fmoc为芴基甲氧基羰基)、三氟乙酰基、烯丙氧基羰基、Dde[即1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二氧代亚环己基)乙基]或Npys(即3-硝基-2-吡啶亚磺酰基)。在某些情况下,保护基的性质可以是Q1/Q2或Q5/Q6基团,即在相连胺氮原子上没有NH键。更多的保护基的用途参见“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,Theorodora W.Greene和Peter G.M.Wuts,(John Wiley & Sons,1991)。优选的氨基保护基是Boc和Fmoc,最优选Boc。当采用Boc时,Q1和Q6均为H,而Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5各自为叔丁氧羰基。
在式II中,在与锝络合之前的合成化学反应过程中,氨基保护基主要用于保护四胺螯合剂的胺官能团。尽管生物靶向基团(Z)易于与伯胺和/或仲胺发生反应,但是这些保护基也可用于与锝络合之前防止在螯合剂胺与Z之间发生不需要的化学反应。
优选的式II缀合物具有至少一个未保护的胺氮(即Q3或Q4之一为H,或者Q1/Q2或Q5/Q6同时为H)。一个或多个游离胺基意味着缀合物更易溶于水性介质,这样的介质是制备式I锝络合物的优选溶剂。游离胺基也意味着与锝的络合反应更快速,因为络合不依赖于先前保护基的脱除,所述保护基也会阻止金属络合。当缀合的生物靶向基团(Z)不容易与胺发生进一步反应时,使用完全脱保护形式的式II缀合物(即Q1-Q6各自为H)是很方便的,特别优选式II的螯合剂缀合物。完全脱保护形式优选用于络合反应,以得到式I的锝络合物。
在合适的pH下,使合适的氧化态放射性金属的溶液与式II螯合剂缀合物发生反应,可制备本发明的式I锝络合物。溶液可任选含有与锝微弱络合的配体(例如葡萄糖酸盐或柠檬酸盐),即通过配体交换或螯合转移来制备锝络合物。这样的条件常用于防止不需要的副反应(例如锝离子水解),但是对本发明的螯合剂并不重要,因为它们与锝快速络合。尽管放射性同位素是99mTc,但是通常原料是来自99Mo发生器的高锝酸钠。在Tc(VII)氧化态下,锝以99mTc-高锝酸盐形式存在,该盐相对来说不活泼。因此,较低氧化态Tc(I)-Tc(V)的锝络合物的制备通常需要添加合适的药学上可接受的还原剂,例如连二亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、甲脒基亚磺酸、亚锡离子、Fe(II)或Cu(I),以促进络合。药学上可接受的还原剂优选为亚锡盐,最优选氯化亚锡、氟化亚锡或酒石酸亚锡。
按照下面第五个实施方案所述,使生物靶向分子(Z)与式III的双官能螯合剂缀合,可制备式II螯合剂缀合物。
在第三个实施方案中,本发明提供放射性药物,所述药物包含第一个实施方案中的锝络合物(其中A为药学上可接受的抗衡离子)以及适于人体给药形式的生物相容性载体。
短语“适于人体给药形式”是指无菌、无热原、不含产生毒性或副作用的化合物的组合物,并且所述组合物配制成生物相容的pH(约pH 4.0-10.5)。这类组合物不含可能在体内引起栓子的颗粒,并且将其配制成当与生物流体(例如血液)接触时不会产生沉淀。这类组合物也含有生物相容性赋形剂,优选等渗赋形剂。
“生物相容性载体”是放射性药物悬浮或优选溶于其中的流体,尤其是液体,使得组合物是生理上耐受的,即可以给予哺乳动物体内,而没有毒性或过度不适。生物相容性载体适宜为注射用载体液体,例如无菌、无热原的注射用水;水溶液,例如盐水(其可容易达到平衡,使得注射用终产物是等渗而不是低渗的);一种或多种张力调节物质的水溶液(例如具有生物相容性抗衡离子的血浆阳离子盐),糖(例如葡萄糖或蔗糖),糖醇(例如山梨醇或甘露醇),醇类(例如甘油)或其它非离子型多元醇物质(例如聚乙二醇、丙二醇等)。
术语“药学上可接受的抗衡离子”是指当给予哺乳动物体内时不产生毒性或副作用、并且与药物组合物的其它成分具有化学和/或毒理学相容性的阴离子(即负电性离子)。本发明的锝放射性药物的化学相容性,是指阴离子不能有效地与四胺螯合剂竞争锝。合适的这类阴离子包括但不限于:卤素离子(例如氯离子、碘离子和溴离子);C1-2烷基磺酸根(例如甲磺酸根或乙磺酸根);芳基磺酸根(例如苯磺酸根或甲苯磺酸根);C1-2烷基膦酸根;二(C1-2)烷基磷酸根(例如二甲基磷酸根、二乙基磷酸根或二甘油磷酸根);芳基膦酸根;芳基磷酸根;烷基芳基膦酸根;烷基芳基磷酸根;C1-2烷基羧酸根(例如乙酸根、丙酸根、谷氨酸根或甘油酸根);芳基羧酸根(例如苯甲酸根)等。优选的药学上可接受的抗衡离子为:氯离子、氟离子、乙酸根、酒石酸根、氢氧根和磷酸根。
这类放射性药物适于装在容器中,所述容器是密封的,适于用皮下针头(例如crimped-on septum seal closure(隔片密封闭合装置))单次或多次刺扎,同时保持绝对无菌。这类容器可装有单次或多次患者剂量。优选的多剂量容器包括一个整装瓶(例如体积10-30cm3),其中装有多次患者剂量,因此在不同的时间间隔,在制剂的有效期内,可以抽取单次患者剂量灌装到临床级注射器中,以适合临床情况。预灌装注射器被设计成装有单次人用剂量,因此优选是适于临床使用的一次性注射器或其它注射器。预灌装注射器可任选和注射器防护罩一起提供,以保护操作人员免遭放射性。合适的这类放射性药物的注射器防护罩是本领域已知的,优选包含铅或钨。
优选的本发明放射性药物包含锝放射性同位素99mTc或94mTc,最优选99mTc。当锝同位素是99mTc时,适于诊断造影用放射性药物的放射性含量范围为180-1500MBq 99mTc,这取决于体内造影的部位、摄取量和目标/本底比。
本发明的锝放射性药物可通过下述各方法来制备:
(i)无菌制备技术,其中按照上述第二个实施方案,在无菌室环境下制备锝络合物;
(ii)最终灭菌,其中不用无菌制备技术来制备锝络合物,然后在最后的步骤进行灭菌(例如通过γ辐射或高压灭菌);
(iii)药盒方法,其中冻干的无菌非放射性药盒制剂包含式II螯合剂缀合物和药学上可接受的还原剂以及其它任选的赋形剂,使其与来自99mTc发生器的无菌99mTc-高锝酸盐发生反应。
优选方法(iii),用于该方法的药盒在下面第四个实施方案中有描述。
在第四个实施方案中,本发明提供非放射性药盒,用于上述放射性药物组合物的制备,所述组合物包含式(II)的缀合物以及生物相容性还原剂。设计这类药盒,以得到适于人用的无菌放射性药物产品,例如通过直接注射到血流中。配体缀合物及其优选方面在以上第二个实施方案中有描述。
对于99mTc,药盒优选为冻干药盒,将其用来自99mTc放射性同位素发生器的无菌99mTc-高锝酸盐(TcO4 -)重建,得到无需进一步操作的适于人用的溶液。合适的药盒包括容器(例如隔片密封瓶(septum-sealed vial)),其中装有呈游离碱或酸式盐形式的螯合剂缀合物以及生物相容性还原剂(例如连二亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、甲脒基亚磺酸、亚锡离子、Fe(II)或Cu(I)。生物相容性还原剂优选为亚锡盐,例如氯化亚锡或酒石酸亚锡。或者,药盒可任选装有非放射性金属络合物,所述络合物中一旦加入锝时,会经历金属转移作用(即金属交换),得到所需产物。
非放射性药盒可任选还包括额外的成分,例如转移螯合剂、辐射防护剂、抗微生物防腐剂、pH调节剂或填充剂。“转移螯合剂”是这样的化合物:它与锝快速反应,形成弱络合物,再被螯合剂置换。这使还原型水解锝(RHT)的形成风险最小化,因为高锝酸盐快速还原与锝络合竞争。合适的这类转移螯合剂是带有生物相容性阳离子的弱有机酸(即有机酸的pKa范围为3-7)的盐。术语“生物相容性阳离子”是指带正电荷的抗衡离子,它可与电离的带负电荷的阴离子基团成盐,其中所述带正电荷的抗衡离子也是无毒的,因而适于给予哺乳动物体内,尤其适于人用。合适的生物相容性阳离子的实例包括:钠或钾等碱金属;钙和镁等碱土金属;和铵离子。优选的生物相容性阳离子是钠和钾,最优选钠。合适的这类弱有机酸是乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、葡糖酸、葡庚糖酸、苯甲酸、苯酚或膦酸。因此,合适的盐为乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯酚盐或膦酸盐。优选的这类盐为酒石酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡庚糖酸、苯甲酸盐或膦酸盐,最优选膦酸盐,最最优选二膦酸盐。优选的这类转移螯合剂是MDP盐,即亚甲基二磷酸与生物相容性阳离子的盐。
术语“辐射防护剂”是指这样的化合物:它抑制降解反应,例如氧化还原过程(redox process),即通过捕获高活性自由基,例如水的辐解所产生的含氧自由基。本发明的辐射防护剂适宜选自:抗坏血酸、对氨基苯甲酸(即4-氨基苯甲酸)、龙胆酸(即2,5-二羟基苯甲酸)及其与如上所述的生物相容性阳离子的盐。
术语“抗微生物防腐剂”是指抑制细菌、酵母或霉菌等潜在有害微生物的生长的试剂。抗微生物防腐剂也可表现出某些杀菌特性,这取决于剂量大小。本发明的抗微生物防腐剂的主要作用是在放射性药物组合物重建后(即在放射性诊断用产品中)抑制这些微生物的生长。然而,抗微生物防腐剂也任选用于在重建之前、在本发明的非放射性药盒的一种或多种成分中抑制潜在有害微生物的生长。合适的抗微生物防腐剂包括:对羟基苯甲酸酯类,即对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或对羟基苯甲酸丁酯或其混合物;苯甲醇;苯酚;甲酚;溴化十六烷基三甲铵和硫柳汞。优选的抗微生物防腐剂是对羟基苯甲酸酯类。
术语“pH调节剂”是指用于确保给予人或哺乳动物的重建药盒的pH在可接受限度内(约pH 4.0-10.5)的化合物或化合物的混合物。合适的这类pH调节剂包括药学上可接受的缓冲剂,例如N-三(羟甲基)氨基甘氨酸、磷酸盐或TRIS[即三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷];以及药学上可接受的碱,例如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或其混合物。当缀合物以酸式盐形式使用时,可任选提供装在单独小瓶或容器中的pH调节剂,使得药盒的使用者可调节pH,作为多步骤程序中的组成部分。
术语“填充剂”是指药学上可接受的增量剂,其可在生产和冻干过程中有助于材料的处理。合适的这类填充剂包括无机盐(例如氯化钠)和水溶性糖或糖醇(例如蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇或海藻糖)。
在第五个实施方案中,本发明提供下式III的化合物:
其中:Q1-Q6和n如上式I和II中定义;
E是适于与第一个实施方案中的生物靶向部分(Z)缀合的官能团;
前提条件是:
(i)当n=3时,Q1-Q6中的至少一个为氨基保护基;
(ii)当n=3或5时,E不为OH。
式III化合物是“双官能螯合剂”,即带有一个或多个官能团(E)的螯合剂。官能团E适于与生物靶向部分(Z)缀合。合适的这类官能团(E)包括:胺、硫氰酸酯、马来酰亚胺和活性酯。E优选不包括未活化的羟基(-OH)。术语“活性酯”是指羧酸的酯衍生物,它可以是良好的离去基团,因而使其更容易与生物靶向部分上存在的亲核试剂(例如胺)发生反应。合适的活性酯的实例是:N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)、五氟苯酚、五氟苯硫酚、对硝基苯酚、羟基苯并三唑和PyBOP(即六氟磷酸O-苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基鏻)。优选的活性酯是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺或五氟苯酚酯。
E优选为伯胺(-NH2)、-CO2M、-NCS、-NCO、马来酰亚胺或丙烯酰胺,其中M为H、阳离子、保护基或活性酯。E最优选为-NH2、-CO2M或马来酰亚胺,理想的是-NH2或-CO2M。
使式III化合物与生物靶向分子(Z)上合适的相应官能团反应,生成所需的式II缀合物。生物靶向分子上的这类合适官能团包括:
羧基(用于与胺官能化双官能螯合剂形成酰胺键);
氨基(用于与羧基官能化双官能螯合剂或活性酯官能化双官能螯合剂形成酰胺键);
卤素、甲磺酰氧基和甲苯磺酰氧基(用于胺官能化双官能螯合剂的N-烷基化)和
巯基(用于与马来酰亚胺官能化双官能螯合剂进行反应)。
当E为与生物靶向分子(Z)的氨基反应的基团(例如活性酯)时,显然可能会与螯合剂的胺发生不需要的副反应。对于这类E基团,优选选择式III中的Q1-Q6为氮保护基,使得四胺螯合剂的4个氮原子都被保护起来。当E为氨基时,与生物靶向分子(Z)的反应仅在E胺上发生,而不在四胺螯合剂的胺氮原子上发生,这一点显然很重要。因此,在这种情况下,式III中的Q1-Q6优选为氮保护基。氮保护基及其优选实例如以上第二个实施方案所述。
式III化合物可按流程1和2所述来制备。流程1提供羧基-官能化的N-保护的四胺螯合剂的一个灵活的合成路线,该路线可适合式III中的不同n值。带有-(CH2)5OH桥头取代基的Boc-保护的四胺类似物的合成参见Turpin等,J.Lab.Comp.Radiopharm.,45,379-393(2002)。流程2提供胺-官能化的N-保护的四胺螯合剂的一个灵活的合成路线,该路线可适合不同n值。可以按照Nock等[Eur.J.Nucl.Med.,30(2),247-258(2003)]和Maina等[Eur.J.Nucl.Med.,30(9),1211-1219(2003)]所描述的类似方法,进行生物靶向肽的缀合反应。
流程1:化合物1的合成
其中:
BOC=叔丁氧羰基保护基
IBX=1-羟基-1,2-苯并碘杂氧杂环戊烯-3(1H)-酮-1-氧化物
NHS=N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺
Bz=苄基
流程2:化合物2的合成
其中:
Ts=对甲苯磺酰基
下面的非限制性实例用于说明本发明。实施例1提供化合物1的合成,化合物1是本发明的羧基-官能化N-保护的四胺螯合剂。实施例2提供化合物2的合成,化合物2是本发明的胺-官能化N-保护的四胺螯合剂。实施例3提供化合物3的合成,化合物3是化合物1与胺(苄胺)缀合的化合物。实施例4描述化合物6的合成,举例说明化合物2与羧酸活性酯的缀合。实施例5描述化合物4的合成,化合物4是本发明的螯合剂与氯沙坦(losaratan)衍生物的缀合物。实施例6提供包含PEG连接基团的氯沙坦(losartan)螯合剂缀合物的合成。实施例7描述化合物8的合成,化合物8是本发明的螯合剂的血管紧张素肽缀合物。实施例8描述本发明的几种螯合剂的99mTc放射性标记。实施例9描述本发明的不同99mTc络合物的亲脂(logP)值的测定法,表明络合物相对亲水。实施例10描述本发明的几种99mTc络合物的生物分布结果,表明中等肝脏背景和高的泌尿系统清除率。实施例11提供化合物1的较高产量合成。实施例12提供缀合有活性酯的本发明受保护的四胺螯合剂(化合物9)的合成。
实施例1:化合物1的合成
步骤(a):[2-(苄氧基)乙基]丙二酸二乙酯
按照Ramalingam等,Tetrahedron,51,2875-2894(1995)的改进方法制备标题化合物。因此,在氩气氛下,将钠(1.20g)溶于无水乙醇(25ml)中。加入丙二酸二乙酯(14.00g),将混合物回流30分钟。加入苄基溴乙基醚(10g),将混合物回流搅拌16小时。旋转蒸发除去乙醇,残余物在乙醚(100ml)和水(50ml)之间分配。乙醚层用水(3x50ml)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。旋转蒸发除去乙醚,残余物真空蒸馏。弃去在40-55℃蒸馏的部分(未反应的丙二酸二乙酯)。产物在140-150℃(1mm)馏出,[lit.bp 138-140℃(1mm)]。产量为12.60g无色油状物。
1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=7.28(m,5H C6H5),4.47(s,2H,CH2-Ph),4.16(m,4H,COOCH2),3.58(t,1H,CH),3.50(t,2H,O-CH2-CH2),2.21(t,2H,O-CH2-CH2),1.20(t,6H,COOCH2-CH3).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=169.20(CO),138.10,128.60,127.80(芳族),73.00(CH2Ph),67.30(O-CH2-CH2),61.70(COOCH2),49.10(CH),28.90(O-CH2-CH2),14.10(COOCH2CH3).
步骤(b):N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基-乙基)丙二酰胺
将[2-(苄氧基)乙基]丙二酸二乙酯(4.00g)加入到乙二胺(30ml)中,所得溶液在室温下搅拌2天。旋转蒸发除去过量乙二胺,残余物经高真空度干燥2天,得到黄色油状物(4.28g),静置结晶。经NMR谱检测,产物仍含有痕量乙二胺。
1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=7.74(br t,2H,CO-NH),7.32(m,5H,C6H5),4.46(s,2H,CH2-Ph),3.50(t,2H,OCH2-CH2-),3.33(t 1H,CH),3.23(m,4H,CO-NH-CH2),2.74(t,4H,CH2-NH2)2.18(q,2H,O-CH2-CH2-)1.55(br s 4H,NH2).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=171.10(CO),138.20,128.30,127.70(芳族),73.00(CH2-Ph),67.80(O-CH2-CH2),51.40(CH),42.40(CO-NH-CH2),41.20(CH2-NH2),31.90(O-CH2-CH2-).
步骤(c):N,N′-双(2-氨基-乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基乙基)-1,3-二氨基丙烷
将N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基-乙基)丙二酰胺(3.80g)溶于THF(20ml)中,将烧瓶浸入冰浴中。烧瓶用氩气吹扫,通过注射器加入THF硼烷络合物(80ml,1M THF溶液)。让反应混合物升至室温,在40℃搅拌2天,回流1小时。滴加甲醇(50ml),将溶液在40℃搅拌过夜。用旋转蒸发器除去溶剂,残余物溶于甲醇(20ml)中。加入氢氧化钠(10g/15ml水),将甲醇蒸发掉。由此分离得到的无色油状物用CH2Cl2(3x50ml)萃取。溶液经Na2SO4干燥。除去溶剂,得到3.40g无色油状物。
1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=7.34(m,5H,C6H5),4.49(s,2H,CH2-Ph),3.55(t,2H,OCH2-CH2-),2.76(t,4H,N-CH2),2.63(m,8H,N-CH2),1.84(m,1H,CH),1.58(m,2H,CH-CH2-CH2-O),1.41(br s,6H,NH).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=138.60,128.30,127.60(芳族),72.80(CH2-Ph),68.70(O-CH2-CH2),53.50(N-CH2),52.80(N-CH2),41.60(N-CH2)36.40(CH),31.30(CH-CH2-CH2-O).MS-EI:295[M+H]+,(计算值295.2).
步骤(d):N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基乙基)-1,3-二(叔
丁氧羰基氨基)丙烷
将N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基-乙基)-1,3-二氨基丙烷(3.30g)溶于CH2Cl2(100ml)和三乙胺(5.40g)中,加入二碳酸叔丁酯(10.30g)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2天。混合物用水(100ml)、柠檬酸溶液(100ml,10%的水溶液)和水(2x100ml)洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到黄色油状物,在高真空度下干燥至恒重。粗产物(7.70g)在硅胶柱上纯化(250g,230-400目,CH2Cl2,CH2Cl2-Et2O 1∶1),得到6.10g(78.3%,透明油状物)。
1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=7.32(m,5H,C6H5),5.12(br d,2H,NH),4.47(s,2H,CH2-Ph),3.49(t,2H,OCH2-CH2-),3.24(br,12H,N-CH2),2.14(br,1H,CH),1.59(m,2H,CH-CH2-CH2-O)1.45(s,18H,t-Bu),1.42(s,18H,t-Bu).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=155.90(NH-CO),138.20,128.30127.60,127.50(芳族),79.90,78.90(CMe3),72.80(CH2-Ph),68.00(O-CH2-CH2),50.00(br,N-CH2),46.90(bt,N-CH2),39.20(N-CH2),34.40(br,CH),29.80(CH-CH2-CH2-O),28.30(t-Bu).MS-EI:695[M+H]+,(计算值695.5)
步骤(e):N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-二(叔丁
氧羰基氨基)丙烷
将N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-苄氧基-乙基)-1,3-二(叔丁氧羰基氨基)丙烷(3.16g)溶于无水乙醇(100ml)中,加入披钯活性炭(1.00g,无水,10%)。将混合物在Parr氢化装置(35psi)中氢化2天。滤出催化剂,用乙醇(3x20ml)洗涤。旋转蒸发除去乙醇,得到无色油状物,在高真空度下干燥至恒重(2.67g,97.1%)。
1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=5.25(br d,2H,NH),3.69(t,2H,OCH2-CH2-),3.28(br,12H,N-CH2),2.71(br,OH),2.23(br,1H,CH),1.56(肩峰,m,2H,CH-CH2-CH2-O)1.48(s,18H,t-Bu),1.44(s,18H,t-Bu).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=156.10(NHCO),80.00,79.20(CMe3),59.60(O-CH2-CH2),49.90(br,N-CH2),47.00(br,N-CH2),39.34(N-CH2),33.80(CH),32.30(CH-CH2-CH2-O),28.30(t-Bu).MS-EI:605[M+H]+,(计算值605.4).
步骤(f):N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-羧基甲基)-1,3-二(叔丁
氧羰基氨基)丙烷(化合物1)
采用Mazitschek等(Ang.Chem.Int.Ed.,41,4059-4061(2002)]的方法。因此,将N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-二(叔丁氧羰基氨基)丙烷(2.60g)溶于DMSO(15ml)中,加入1-羟基-1,2-苯并碘杂氧杂环戊烯-3(1H)-酮-1-氧化物(IBX,3.50g)。混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,再加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(2.50g)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2天。加入氢氧化钠溶液(2M,40ml),将混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。将溶液浸入冰浴中,用2M盐酸酸化至pH 2。水层用乙醚(4x100ml)萃取,合并的乙醚萃取液用水(3x50ml)洗涤。乙醚层经Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到黄色固体残余物,其中含有产物和2-亚碘酰基苯甲酸。从氯仿-己烷(1∶3)(80ml)结晶除去大部分亚碘酰基苯甲酸(2.1g)。蒸发氯仿-己烷母液,得到黄色油状物(3g),上样到硅胶柱(300g,CH2Cl2-Et2O,1∶1)上。剩余亚碘酰基苯甲酸用乙醚洗脱。产物用乙醚-甲醇(9∶1)洗脱。合并含有产物的流分,除去溶剂,得到浅黄色油状物(1.5g)。将其在硅胶柱上再次进行色谱纯化(50g,Et2O)。产物用乙醚-乙酸(95∶5)洗脱。合并含有产物的流分,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到油状物,在高真空度下干燥。产量为1.10g(41.3%)。1H NMR(270MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=7.61(br s,1H,COOH),5.19(br d,2H,NH),3.22(br,12H,N-CH2),2.47(br m,1H,CH),2.26(br,2H,CH-CH2-COOH),1.41(s,18H,t-Bu),1.37(s,18H,t-Bu).13C NMR(67.5MHz,CDCl3,25℃,TMS)δ=175.90(COOH),156.10(NHCO),80.40,79.10(CMe3),49.50(N-CH2),46.80(N-CH2),39.00(N-CH2),34.70(CH-CH2-COOH),34.20(CH-CH2-COOH),28.30,28.20(t-Bu).MS-EI:619[M+H]+,(计算值619.4).
实施例2:(8-氨基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-
辛基)-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(化合物2)的合成
步骤(a):2-(6-氯-己氧基)四氢吡喃
将6-氯己醇(6.85g,10mmol)和对甲苯磺酸(500mg)溶于无水乙醚(75ml)中,在冰浴中冷却至0-5℃。滴加二氢吡喃(4.3g,10mmol)的无水乙醚(25ml)溶液,同时持续搅拌30分钟。滴加完成后,除去冷却浴,继续搅拌16小时。溶液用水(50mlx2)萃取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,减压蒸发除去溶剂,得到浅黄色油状物。该油状物经13C NMR谱显示足够纯,无需纯化就可用于后续反应。产量10.1g(91%)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ19.7(CH2),25.5(CH2),25.6((CH2),26.7(CH2),29.6(CH2),30.8(CH2),32.6(CH2),45.0(CH2Cl),62.3(OCH2),67.4(OCH2),98.8(OCHO).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.30-1.71(14H,m,CH2x7),3.24-3.32(1H 3.41-3.48(3H,m CH和CH2),3.60-3.67(1H,m,CH),3.72-3.82(1H,bm,CH),4.44-4.49(1H,bm,OCHO).
步骤(b):2-[6-(四氢-吡喃-2-基氧基)-己基]-丙二酸二乙酯
在干燥氮气氛下,将少量钠(1.13g,49mmol)溶于无水乙醇(100ml)中,同时持续搅拌。一次性加入丙二酸二乙酯(8.0g,50mmol),将溶液在60℃加热1小时。一次性加入2-(6-氯-己氧基)-四氢吡喃(9.3g,42.2mmol),温度上升至75-80℃并在此水平保持24小时。冷却后,过滤除去无机固体,从滤液中蒸发溶剂。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2(50ml)中,用水(30mlx2)萃取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,除去挥发物,得到浅黄色油状物。该油状物进行硅胶色谱,用石油醚(pet ether)40∶60/乙醚(200∶40)作为洗脱液。洗脱的所需产物的rf=0.15,经分离得到无色油状物。产量8.7g,(60%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ14.0(CH3x2),19.6(CH2),25.5(CH2),27.2(CH2),28.6(CH2),29.0(CH2),29.6((CH2),30.0(CH2),30.8(CH2),52.0(CH),61.2(OCH2x2),62.2(OCH2),67.4(OCH2),98.8(OCHO),169.4(C=Ox2).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.10-1.25(14H,m,CH3x2,CH2x4),1.36-1.50(6H,bm,CH2x3),1.70-1.81(2H,bm,CH2),3.17-3.28(2H,m,CH2),3,56-3.66(1H,m,CH),3.70-3.80(1H,m,OCH),4.04-4.16(4H,m,OCH2x2),4.03-4.08(1H,m,OCHO).
步骤(c):N,N′-双-(2-氨基-乙基)-2-[6-(四氢-吡喃-2-基氧基)-己基]-丙
二酰胺
将2-[6-(四氢-吡喃-2-基氧基)-己基]-丙二酸二乙酯(5.1g,14.8mmol)溶于1,2-二氨基乙烷(10g,167mmol)中,在室温下搅拌16小时。真空除去挥发物(40-50℃,0.01mm Hg),得到浅绿色粘稠残余物,将其进行柱色谱,用CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH(50∶50∶5)洗脱。洗脱的标题化合物的rf=0.2,经收集得到浅绿色粘稠油状物,静置时固化。(产量3.9g,71%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ19.8(CH2),25.5(CH2),26.0(CH2),27.5(CH2),29.2(CH2),29.7(CH2),30.8(CH2),31.9(CH2),41.0(NCH2x2),41.9(NCH2x2),54.6(CH),62.5(OCH2),67.5(OCH2),98.9(OCHO),171.6(C=Ox2).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.15-1.28(6H,bs,CH2x3),1.39-1.44(6H,bm,CH2x3),1.69-1.74(4H,bm,CH2x2),2.64(4H,bs,NH2x2),2.734H,t,J=6Hz,CH2x2),3.08-3.29(6H,m,CH2x3),3.35-3.41(1H,m CH),3.55-3.63(1H,m,CH),3.70-3.78(1H,m,CH),4.43(1H,bt,J=4Hz,OCHO),7.78(2H,bt,J=5Hz,OCNHx2)
IR(薄膜)cm-1:-3417,3082,2936,2862,1663,1558,1439,1354,1323,1261,1200,1189,1076,1026,956,907,867,810.
步骤(d):N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-(6-羟基-己基)-丙二酰胺
将N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-[6-(四氢-吡喃-2-基氧基)-己基]-丙二酰胺(3.9g,10.6mmol)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(8.5g,3mmol)和乙醇(50ml)在70-75℃回流加热16小时。冷却后,滴加浓氢氧化铵(.880),直到pH稳定为9。经硅藻土过滤除去析出的白色固体,滤饼用乙醇(30ml)洗涤。减压除去乙醇(15mm Hg,40℃),得到半固体蜡。该残余物进行硅胶色谱,用CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH(100∶50∶10)洗脱,标题化合物的rf=0.2。收集该产物,与乙醇(100mlx3)共蒸发,除去残余水分。得到淡绿色粘稠残余物,静置时固化。(产量2.1g,69%)。
13C NMR(CD3OD):δ25.4(CH2),27.3(CH2),28.9(CH2),30.4(CH2),32.2(CH2),40.6(NCH2x2),41.7(NCH2x2),54.1(CH),61.6(CH2OH),171.7(C=Ox2).
1H NMR(CD3OD):δ1.28-1.38(6H,bs,CH2x 3),1.46-1.55(2H,bm,CH2),1.79-1.87(2H,bm,CH2),2.73(4H,t,J=6Hz,H2NCH2x2),3.13(1H t,J=7Hz,CH),3.27(4H,dt,J=6 and 2Hz,HNCH2x2),3.53(2H t,J=7Hz OCH2).
IR(薄膜)cm-1:-3364,2932,2862,2527,1663,1558,1462,1327,1223,1192,1034.
质谱(Fabs)m/e:C13H29N4O3(M+H)的计算值:289,实测值:289。
步骤(e):(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨
基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-8-羟基-辛基)-碳酸叔丁酯
在干燥氮气氛下,通过注射器将纯净甲硼烷-二甲硫加合物(15ml,150mmol)滴加到N,N′-双(2-氨基乙基)-2-(6-羟基己基)丙二酰胺(2.1g,7.3mmol)和二噁烷(50ml)的搅拌混合物中。完成加入后,将混合物在回流下在110℃缓慢加热5天。在此期间,生成一些白色固体。冷却后,减压除去挥发物,得到白色固体,向其中滴加甲醇(50ml),得到无色溶液。溶液在回流下加热3小时,冷却,加入浓HCl(5ml),在回流下在70-75℃继续加热48小时。除去溶剂,得到绿色粘稠残余物,将其与甲醇(100mlx3)共蒸发,得到浅绿色固体。该固体再溶于无水甲醇和无水碳酸钾(4.0g,30mmol)中,再加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(7.0g,32mmol)。混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。通过硅藻土过滤除去无机固体,从滤液中蒸发掉溶剂,得到粘稠残余物。该残余物与水(50ml)混合,用CH2Cl2(50mlx3)萃取。合并有机部分,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到浅黄色残余物。
注意:此时用13C NMR监测反应很方便。
残余物进行硅胶色谱,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(95∶5)作为洗脱液。洗脱的标题化合物的rf=0.41,分离出无色粘稠油状物(产量2.5g,52%)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ25.6(CH2),26.4(CH2),28.4(CH3x12),29.8(CH2x2),32.6(CH2),36.5(极宽峰,CH),39.2(NCH2x2,相邻CH),46.9(宽单蜂,HNCH2x2),50.0(宽单蜂,NCH2x2),62.4(HOCH2),79.0(OCx2),79.9(OCx2),156.4(宽单蜂C=Ox4)
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.05-1.18(8H,bs,CH2x4),1.27(18h,s,CH3x6,叔丁基),1.31(18H,s,CH3x6,叔丁基),1.41(2H,m,CH2),1.81(1H bs,CH),2.63(1H,bs,OH),2.98(4H,bs,NCH2x2),3.11(8H,bs,NCH2x4),3.44(2H,t,J=8Hz,CH2O),5.2(2H,bs,NHx2)
IR(薄膜)cm-1:3350,2976,2931,2859,1674,1516,1455,1418,1393,1260,1250,1165,1069,965,871,775。
质谱(Fabs)m/e:C33H65N4O9(M+H)的计算值:661,实测值:661。
步骤(f):甲苯-4-磺酸8-[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基-氨基]-
7-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-辛酯
在室温下,将(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基乙基)氨基]-甲基}-8-羟基辛基)-碳酸叔丁酯(2.52g,3.82mmol)、对甲苯磺酰氯(1.0g,5.2mmol)、三乙胺(1.3g,12.8mmol)和CH2Cl2(30ml)进行搅拌,同时缓慢蒸发溶剂。用碳NMR监测反应,3天后,残留极少量原料。用CH2Cl2将反应体积补充到30ml,用水(50mlx3)萃取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到褐色残余物。该残余物进行硅胶色谱,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(100∶5)作为洗脱液。洗脱下来的第一化合物为未反应的甲苯磺酰氯,其rf=0.95。洗脱下来的标题化合物的rf=0.2,将其分离出来,为浅黄色粘稠油状物。产量(1.20g,39%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ21.7(CH3甲苯磺酰基),25.3(CH2),26.3(CH2),28.5(CH3x12),28.8(CH2),29.5(CH2),29.9(CH2),36.5(CH极宽峰),39.4(NCH2x2),47.0(宽峰,NCH2x2),50.5(宽峰,NCH2x2),70.6(TsOCH2),79.1(OCx2),80.0(OCx2),127.9(CHx2),129.9(CHx2),133.2(C),144.7(C-S Ts),156.1(宽峰,C=Ox4)。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ1.16(8H,bs,CH2x4),1.35(18H,s,CH3x6),1.39(18H,s,CH3x6),1.88(1H,bs,CH),2.38(3H,s,CH3甲苯磺酰基),3.10-3.12(4H,bs,NCH2x2),3.19(8H,bs,NCH2x4),3.93(2H,t,J=7Hz,CH2OTs),5.0(1H,bs,NH),5.08(1H,bs,NH),7.29(2H,d,J=8Hz,CHx2,Ar),7.72(2H,d,J=8Hz CHx2,Ar)IR(薄膜)cm-1:336O,2974,2932,2862,1693,1516,1479,1418,1391,1366,1250,1177,1069,959,816,775。
质谱(Fabs)m/e:C40H71N4O11S(M+H)的计算值:815,实测值815。
步骤(g):(8-叠氮基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-
辛基)-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将甲苯-4-磺酸8-[叔丁氧基羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基乙基-氨基]-7-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基乙基)氨基]甲基}-辛酯(1.105g,1.36mmol)、叠氮化钠(350mg,5.4mmol)和甲醇(10ml)在70-75℃回流加热16小时。冷却后,在室温下减压除去甲醇,直到残留约1-2ml。该残余物用水(25ml)稀释,用CH2Cl2(25mlx4)萃取。合并有机萃取液,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,在室温下使挥发物蒸发(注意:叠氮化物具有潜在爆炸性,该步骤应在安全罩后面进行),得到浅黄色粘稠残余物,是纯净状态的所需化合物。(产量820mg,88%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ26.3(CH2),26.5(CH2),28.3(CH3x12),28.7(CH2),29.6(CH2),29.8(CH2),36.8(宽峰,CH),39.3(NCH2x2),46.9(宽峰,NCH2x2),50.0(宽峰,NCH2x2),51.3(CH2N3),79.0(OCx2),79.8(OCx2),156.0(C=Ox4).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.16(8H,bs,CH2x4),1.29(18H,s CH3x6),1.33(18H,s,CH3x6),1.47(2H,bt,J=6.5Hz CH2相邻CH),1.86(1H,bs,CH),2.95-3.05(4H,bs,NCH2x2),3.05-3.20(10H,bs,NCH2x4和CH2N3),5.09(2H,bs,NHx2)
IR(薄膜)cm-1:-3350,2974,2932,2860,2097(强带N3),1694,1520,1470,1418,1391,1366,1250,1167,1069,870,777.
步骤(h):(8-氨基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-
辛基)-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(化合物2)
在30个大气压下,在室温下,将(8-叠氮基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-甲基}-辛基)-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(820mg,1.20mmol)、10%披钯碳(100mg)和甲醇(10ml)用氢气处理16小时。通过硅藻土过滤除去固体,滤饼用甲醇(50ml)洗涤。从滤液中除去挥发物,得到粘稠油状物,为纯净状态的所需物质。(产量700mg,89%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ26.4(CH2),26.6(CH2),28.4(CH3x12),32.9(CH2x2),36.8(宽峰,CH).39.2(NCH2x2),41.8(H2NCH2),46.9(宽峰,NCH2x2),49.8(宽峰,NCH2x2),78.9(OCx2),79.7(OCx2),156.0(C=Ox4).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.08(8H,bs,CH2x4),1.23(18H,s,CH3x6),1.27(20H,bs,CH3x6和CH2),1.77(1H,bs,CH),2.40(2H,bs,NH2),2.50(2H,t,J=7Hz,CH2NH2),2.97(4H,bm,NCH2x2),3.00-3.16(8H,bm,NCH2x4),5.21(1H,bs,NH),5.30(1H,bs,NH).
IR(薄膜)cm-1:-3360,1693,1520,1459,1418,1392,1367,1250,1170,1068,964,922,871,775,733.
质谱(Fabs)m/e:C33H66N5O8(M+H)的计算值660,实测值660。
实施例3:化含物3的合成
步骤(a):化合物1与苄胺偶联
在一个(50ml)圆底烧瓶中,将化合物1(61.8mg,0.1mmol)的CH2Cl2(5ml)用苄胺(10.7mmol)、二苯基次膦酰氯(25.9mg)和二异丙酰胺(29mg 0.22mmol)在20℃处理18小时。再将反应物用CH2Cl2(20ml)稀释,用1N盐酸(5ml)和饱和碳酸钾水溶液(5ml)洗涤。分离CH2Cl2层,干燥(Na2SO4)和真空浓缩,得到胶状物(~50mg)。粗产物进行硅胶色谱,用乙酸乙酯/石油梯度(各100ml,50%、70%和90%)洗脱。收集少量快速流出的杂质,紧接着是主要流分。
1H和13C NMR谱在CDCl3中进行。这表明主要流分是所需的纯化合物。
步骤(b):Boc保护基的脱保护
将步骤(a)的产物(27.8mg,0.039mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)用三氟乙酸(0.5ml)处理,让反应物在室温下静置3小时。再将反应混合物真空浓缩成胶状物,以除去过量的酸,并称重(53mg)。1H和13C NMR(CDCl3)表明Boc基团已经完全脱除。将称重的化合物2样品溶于水中,得到10mM的TFA盐溶液,用于放射性标记实验。
实施例4:化合物6的合成
步骤(a):(8-苯甲酰基氨基-2-{[叔丁氧羰基-(2-叔羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基]-
甲基}-辛基)-(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将苯甲酸2,5-二氧代-吡咯烷-1-基酯(20mg,0.091mmol)的无水CH2Cl2一次性加入到化合物2(50mg,0.08mmol)的CH2Cl2(1ml)溶液中,将所得溶液在室温下搅拌16小时。反应物用CH2Cl2(10ml)稀释,用水(15mlx2)萃取,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂。剩下的残余物用硅胶色谱法纯化,用CH2Cl2/甲醇94∶6(rf=0.23)作为洗脱液,得到无色粘稠油状物。(产量25mg,41%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δ26.4(CH2),26.8(CH2),28.5(CH3x12),29.6(CH2x2),29.7(CH2),29.9(CH2),36.6(宽峰,CH),39.4(NCH2x2),40.0(O=CNCH2x2),47.0(宽峰,NCH2x2),49.8(NCH2x2),79.7(OCx2),80.0(OCx2),127.0(Ar CHx2),128.5(Ar CHx2),131.3(Ar CH),134.9(Ar C),156.1(C=Ox4),167.6(ArC=O)。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.28(8H,bs,CH2x4),1.38(18H,s,CH3x6),1.42(20H,bs,CH3x6和CH2),1.95(1H,bs,CH),3.1(4H,bs,NCH2x2)3.22(8H,bs,NCH2x4),3.42(2H,bq,,J=6Hz,CH2N-苯甲酰基),5.08(2H,bs,NHx2),6.18(1H,bs,HN-苯甲酰基),7.38-7.45(3H,m,Ar CHx3),7.74(2H,bd,J=7Hz,Ar CHx2),
IR(薄膜)cm-1:3350,2976,2932,2859,1693(宽峰),1652,1520,1419,1391,1367,1251,1166,732
质谱(Fabs)m/e:C40H70N5O9(M+H)的计算值764,实测值764。
步骤(b):Boc保护基的脱保护
将步骤(a)的Boc四胺苯甲酰胺(42mg,0.056mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)用三氟乙酸(0.5ml)处理,让反应物在室温下静置3小时。再将反应物真空浓缩,以除去过量酸,得到胶状物。预期重量(45mg),实测重量(45.7mg)。1H和13C NMR(CD3OD)表明Boc基团已经完全脱除,它含有所需化合物。将称重的化合物溶于水中,得到10mM的TFA盐溶液(56μmol/5.6ml),用于放射性标记。
实施例5:化合物4的合成
所有反应均在人工氮气发生器(bubbler apparatus)中进行。
步骤(a):氯沙坦与三苯甲基衍生化固体支持物的连接
将氯沙坦(MSD,0.236g,0.558mmol)和三乙胺(Fluka,0.233ml,1.67mmol)加入到三苯甲基氯树脂(Novabiochem,susbstitution1.24mmol/g,0.300g)的DMF(5ml)悬浮液中。4天后,排干树脂并洗涤。裂解一份树脂(二氯甲烷/TFA/三异丙基硅烷,92.5∶5.0∶2.5,15min)。HPLC分析(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)3μm 4.6x50mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%TFA,B=乙腈/0.1%TFA;梯度10-40%B,10min;流速2.0ml/min,UV检测214nm和254nm),得到一个对应于氯沙坦的峰,其tR为6.7分钟。树脂用二氯甲烷/甲醇/二异丙基乙胺溶液(17∶2∶1,20ml,1小时)处理,用二氯甲烷洗涤并干燥。
步骤(b):用叠氮基置换羟基
将二苯氧基磷酰叠氮(Aldrich,0.481ml,2.23mmol)和DBU(0.611ml,4.09mmol)加入到步骤(a)的连接树脂的氯沙坦(0.372mmol)的THF(10ml)悬浮液中。让反应物过夜。如步骤(a)所述,裂解一份树脂。经LC-MS分析(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)3μm 50x4.60mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%TFA,B=乙腈/0.1%TFA;梯度20-80%B,10min;流速1ml/min,UV检测214nm,ESI-MS),得到一个峰,tR为7.3分钟,对应于该结构的m/z为448.1(MH+)。
步骤(c):将叠氮基团还原成胺
向步骤(b)的树脂的THF(4ml)的悬浮液中,加入氯化锡(II)(Acros,0.141g,0.744mmol)、苯硫酚(Fluka,0.304ml,2.976mmol)和三乙胺(Fluka,0.311ml,2.23mmol)。1.5小时后,如a)所述裂解一份树脂。LC-MS分析(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)3μm 50x4.60mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%TFA,B=乙腈/0.1%TFA;梯度20-80%B,10min;流速1ml/min,UV检测214nm,ESI-MS),在1.9分钟得到一个峰,其m/z422.2(MH+),正如所预期的胺。
步骤(d):氯沙坦-Leu-四胺螯合剂(化合物4)
用标准偶联剂(HATU和DIEA)和标准Fmoc-裂解方案(20%哌啶/DMF),将Fmoc-Leu-OH(Novabiochem,0.030g,0.084mmol)与一份步骤(c)的结合树脂的氨基-氯沙坦(0.042mmol)的DMF偶联。用标准Kaiser试验检查偶联是否完成。再用同样的偶联剂(HATU和DIEA)的DMF,将化合物1(0.026g,0.042mmol)偶联到树脂上。4小时后,裂解产物,在同一步骤(二氯甲烷/TFA/三异丙基硅烷,47.5∶50∶2.5溶液,1小时)中除去树脂和Boc基团。过滤溶液,浓缩并通过制备型HPLC纯化(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)5μm 21.2x250mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%TFA,B=乙腈/0.1%TFA;梯度20-40%B,60min;流速10.0ml/min,UV检测214nm),冻干后得到5mg产物。LC-MS分析(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)3μm 50x4.60mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%TFA,B=乙腈/0.1%TFA;梯度10-80%B,10min;流速0.3ml/min,UV检测214nm和254nm,ESI-MS)tR5.1分钟,m/z 735.4(MH+))证实其结构。
实施例6:化合物5的合成
按照实施例4所述,在固体支持物上合成该化合物。
用标准偶联剂(HATU和DIEA)和标准Fmoc-裂解方案(20%哌啶/DMF),将Fmoc-Leu-OH(Novabiochem,0.033g,0.092mmol)和Fmoc-氨基PEG二乙醇酸(Polypure,0.049mg,0.092mmol)相继与一份实施例4(c)的连接树脂的氨基-氯沙坦(0.046mmol)的DMF偶联。用标准Kaiser试验检查偶联是否完成。再用同样的偶联剂(HATU和DIEA)的DMF,将化合物1(0.029g,0.046mmol)偶联到树脂上。让反应物过夜,再将产物从树脂上裂解,在同一步骤(二氯甲烷/TFA/三异丙基硅烷,47.5∶50∶2.5溶液,1小时)中除去Boc基团。过滤溶液,浓缩并用制备型HPLC纯化(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)5μm 21.2x250mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%HCOOH,B=乙腈/0.1%HCOOH;梯度10-40%B,60min;流速10.0ml/min,UV检测214nm),冻干后得到3.5mg产物。LC-MS分析(柱子Phenomenex Luna C18(2)3μm 50x4.60mm,溶剂:A=水/0.1%HCOOH,B=乙腈/0.1%HCOOH;梯度10-40%B,10min;流速0.3ml/min,UV检测214nm和254nm,ESI-MS)tR 4.7分钟,m/z1025.4(MH+))证实其结构。
实施例7:化合物8的合成
步骤(a):N-Boc-N-[FmocNH-CH
2
CH
2
]-Gly-OH的合成
将1g N-[FmocNH-CH2CH2]-Gly-OtBu.HCl(Fluka 09660)用20ml50%三氟乙酸(TFA)的二氯甲烷(含有0.5ml三异丙基硅烷)处理60min。真空蒸发所得混合物,残余物再溶于20ml 50%四氢呋喃/水中。加入2.6g叔丁氧羰基酐和1.2ml N-甲基吗啉,将所得混合物搅拌4天。然后真空蒸发四氢呋喃,将残余物再溶于二氯甲烷中。有机层用水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥。真空蒸发二氯甲烷,残余物再溶于5ml二甲基甲酰胺中。二甲基甲酰胺溶液用400ml 60%乙腈/水稀释,再泵入制备型RP-HPLC柱中进行纯化(30-80%B,40min,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA,流速50ml/min,在PhenomenexLuna 10μ C18(2)250x50mm柱上),得到450mg纯产物。产物用分析型HPLC分析(梯度:20-70%B,10min,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA;流速:0.3ml/min;柱子:Phenomenex Luna 3μC18(2)50x2mm;检测:UV 214nm;产物保留时间:8.66min)。产物用电喷雾质谱法进一步表征(MH+计算值:441.2;MH+实测值:440.8)。
步骤(b):N-((CH
2
)
2
-NHCOCH
2
-四胺)-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-
Ile-OH(化合物8)的合成
在Applied Biosystems 433A肽合成仪上,从0.1mmol Fmoc-Ile-Wang树脂开始,合成血管紧张素II的肽类似物。过量的1mmol预先活化的氨基酸[用六氟磷酸O-苯并三唑-1-基-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲鎓(HBTU)]用于偶联步骤,加到精氨酸上。将123mg N-Boc-N-[FmocNH-CH2CH2]-Gly-OH、114mg六氟磷酸N-[(二甲氨基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-1-基亚甲基]-N-甲铵N-氧化物(HATU)和60μL N-甲基吗啉溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌5min,然后在氮气发生器中加入到树脂中。2小时后除去试剂,树脂用二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷洗涤。树脂用20%哌啶/二甲基甲酰胺(3x10ml)处理,再用二甲基甲酰胺洗涤。将23mg化合物1、14mg HATU和7.5μL N-甲基吗啉溶于二甲基甲酰胺中长达10min,加入到树脂中。4小时后除去试剂,树脂用二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷洗涤。在10ml三氟乙酸(含有2.5%三异丙基硅烷和2.5%水)中,同时脱除侧链保护基并从树脂上裂解肽达90分钟。真空除去三氟乙酸,将乙醚加入到残余物中,沉淀的产物用乙醚洗涤并风干。
用制备型RP-HPLC纯化(0-30%B,40min,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA,流速10ml/min,在Phenomenex Luna 10μC18(2)250x21.20mm柱上)产物,得到32mg纯的螯合物-肽缀合物。产物通过分析型HPLC分析(梯度,5-50%B,20min,其中A=H2O/0.1%TFA,B=CH3CN/0.1%TFA;流速:1ml/min;柱子,Phenomenex Luna3μ C18(2)50x2mm;检测,UV 214nm;产物保留时间5.22min)。产物用电喷雾质谱法进一步表征(MH+计算值,1197.8;MH+实测值:1197.8)。
实施例8:化合物3-7的
99m
Tc放射性标记
制备含有下列成分的冻干药盒(“Chelakit A plus”):
成分 | 分子量 | mg |
SnCl2.2H2O | 225.63 | 0.016 |
MDP(H4) | 176.00 | 0.025 |
NaHCO3 | 84.01 | 4.5 |
Na2CO3 | 105.99 | 0.6 |
NaPABA | 159.12 | 0.200 |
将25-50μg待标记化合物(溶于25-50μL溶剂)依次加入到CHELAKIT-A plus、发生器洗出液(generator eluate)(99mTcO4 -/盐水,1.0ml)中。将溶液混合,让其在室温下放置20-30分钟。
在室温下,在pH 9,给化合物3和化合物6用锝进行标记,得到高产量的相应阳离子99mTc络合物(RCP>90%)。四胺络合物用HPLC纯化(流动相:0.1%TFA/水,0.1%TFA/乙腈;XTERRA RP183.5μm 4.6x150mm柱),在50mM磷酸缓冲液中,在37℃稳定2小时(2小时后经HPLC,RCP>95%)。
实施例9:
99m
Tc络合物亲脂性(LogP)的测定
实施例8的99mTc络合物的辛醇-水分配系数(LogP)测定如下:
在离心管中,将10μL实施例8的经HPLC纯化的99mTc络合物与1-辛醇(2ml)和50mM磷酸缓冲液(pH=7.4,2.0ml)混合在一起。将该管在室温下涡旋振荡1分钟,然后高速离心60min。将两相各0.1ml样品移入其它试管中,小心避免两相间交叉污染,然后在WallacWizzardγ计数器上计数。测定重复3次。
分配系数P计算如下:
P=(辛醇中的cpm-背景cpm)/(水中的cpm-背景cpm)。
通常最终分配系数值用log P表示。
结果见表1:
表1:锝络合物四胺化合物的Log P值
化合物编号的99mTc络合物 | Log P(辛醇/50mM磷酸缓冲液) |
3 | <-2 |
4 | +0.6 |
5 | -0.1 |
6 | -1.8 |
7 | <-2 |
实施例10:
99m
Tc络合物的生物分布
按照实施例8,制备化合物4、5和7的99mTc络合物。在正常雄性Wistar大鼠(180-220g)中,注射(p.i.)试验品后,在两个预定时间点(2分钟和120分钟)进行实验。动物用氟烷(6%氧)麻醉,注射0.1ml(500MBq/ml)试验品(Test Item),处死,解剖,测定样品的放射性。结果见表1:
表1:99mTc络合物的生物分布
%ID/G | 化合物4 | 化合物5 | 化合物7 |
血5min | 3.26 | 1.5 | 0.84 |
血120min | 0.91 | 0.26 | 0.05 |
肌肉120min | 0.34 | 0.9 | 0.1 |
肝脏120min | 6.52 | 3.53 | 1.55 |
肺120min | 1.84 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
心脏120min | 0.44 | 0.13 | 0.1 |
心脏/血 | 0.49 | 0.5 | 2 |
心赃/肺 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.25 |
心脏/肝脏 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
心脏/肌肉 | 1.3 | 1.44 | 1 |
2小时内%滞留 | |||
清除率(%ID) | |||
尿(K,B,U)120min | 21.13 | 14.45 | 64.26 |
HBS 120min | 74.65 | 54.21 | 19.63 |
Log P | 0.6 | -0.1 | <-2 |
实施例11:化合物1的替代制备方法
将实施例1步骤(e)的N,N′-双(2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-乙基)-2-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-二(叔丁氧羰基氨基)丙烷溶于四氯化碳(14ml)和乙腈(14ml)中。加入水(21ml),得到两相混合物,再加入高碘酸钠(4.5g,21mmol)和氯化钌水合物(35mg,0.026mmol)。所得深褐色溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,再用CH2Cl2(40ml)稀释。分离有机层,水相用更多CH2Cl2(40mlx3)萃取。合并所有有机萃取液,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,减压蒸发挥发物,得到化合物1的钠盐,为黑色粘稠残余物,无需进一步纯化就可使用(4.15g,96%)。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δC 28.2(x12)(CH3),34.1(CH2),34.4(CH),38.6(x2)(NCH2),46.8(x2)(NCH2),49.3(x2)(NCH2),79.0(x2)(OC),80.2(x2)(OC),155.9(x4)(C=O),175.4(COOH).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δH 1.29(18H,s,CH3x6),1.35(18H,s,CH3x6),2.19(1H,br,CH),2.40(2H,br,CH2),3.05-3.23(12H,br,NCH2x6),5.10-5.24(2H,br,NHx2)
质谱(ESI)m/e:(M+Na)C29H54O10N4Na的计算值:641.3738,实测值:641.3787。
实施例12:化合物9的制备
将1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC;2.16g,10.5mmol)一次性加入到化合物1(4.15g,6.90mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(1.81g,15.7mmol)的无水THF(30ml)的搅拌溶液中。所得混合物在室温下搅拌16小时,过滤除去沉淀的DCU(1,3-二环己基脲)。从滤液中蒸发挥发物,得到蜡状残余物,向其中加入无水乙醚(50ml),沉淀更多DCU,并用过滤除去。乙醚溶液用水(25mlx2)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压蒸发溶剂,得到蜡状固体。该固体用硅胶色谱法纯化,用CH2Cl2/乙醚混合物(1∶1)洗脱,直到除去未反应的DCC。洗脱液换成乙醚,分离得到所需产物(rf=0.4,DCM/Et2O 1∶1),为无色固体(2.7g,57%)。m p66-68℃。
13C NMR(CDCl3):δC 25.6(x2)(CH2),28.4(x 12)(CH3),31.8(CH2),35.2(CH),39.3(x2)(NCH2),47.1(x2)(NCH2),49.1(x2)(NCH2),79.9(x2)(OC),80.5(x2)(OC),156.1(x4)(C=O),167.7(C=O),169.1(x2)(C=O).
1H NMR(CDCl3):δH 1.35(18H,s,CH3x6),1.41(18H,s,CH3x6),2.52(3H,brs,CH &CH2),2.77(4H,s,CH2x2),3.10-3.35(12H,brs,NCH2x6),5.08(2H,brsNHx2)
质谱(ESI)m/e:(M+Na)C33H54N5O12Na的计算值:738.3896,实测值:738.3893。
Claims (21)
1.一种下式(I)的锝络合物:
其中:
X为-NR-、-CO2-、-CO-、-NR(C=S)-、-NR(C=O)-、-CONR-或Q基团;
每个Y独立地为D-氨基酸、L-氨基酸、-CH2-、-CH2OCH2-或-OCH2CH2O-或X基团;
Z为合成生物靶向部分,其选自3-100聚体肽,其可以是线状肽或环状肽或其组合;或酶底物、酶拮抗剂或酶抑制剂;受体-结合化合物;寡核苷酸或寡DNA或寡RNA片段;
n为1-8的整数;
m为0-30的整数;
R为H、C1-4烷基、C2-4烷氧基烷基、C1-4羟基烷基或C1-4氟代烷基;
Q为
A为抗衡离子;
前提条件是X-(Y)m连接缺乏O-O、N-N或O-N键。
2.权利要求1的锝络合物,其中所述锝放射性同位素是99mTc或94mTc 。
3.权利要求1或2的锝络合物,其中n为1-6,X为-CONR-或-NR(C=O)-。
4.权利要求3的锝络合物,其中X为-CONH-或-NH(C=O)-。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的锝络合物,其中-(Y)m-包括式(-CH2CH2O-)w的PEG基团,其中w为3-25的整数。
6.权利要求5的锝络合物,其中w为6-22。
7.权利要求1-4中任一项的锝络合物,其中-(Y)m-包含1-10个氨基酸。
8.权利要求7的锝络合物,其中所述氨基酸独立选自甘氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸或丝氨酸。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的锝络合物,其中Z选自:
(i)3-30聚体肽;
(ii)酶底物、酶拮抗剂或酶抑制剂。
11.权利要求10的螯合剂缀合物,其中Q1-Q6都为H。
12.权利要求10的螯合剂缀合物,其中Q1和Q6都为H,Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5各自为叔丁氧羰基。
13.一种放射性药物,所述药物包含适于人体给药形式的权利要求1-9中任一项的式I锝络合物以及生物相容性载体,其中所述式I锝络合物中的A为药学上可接受的抗衡离子。
14.权利要求13的放射性药物,其中所述锝放射性同位素是99mTc或94mTc。
15.一种药盒,所述药盒用于制备权利要求13或14的放射性药物,所述药盒包括:
(i)权利要求10-12中任一项的螯合剂缀合物;
(ii)生物相容性还原剂。
16.权利要求15的药盒,其中所述生物相容性还原剂包括亚锡离子。
17.权利要求15或16的药盒,其中Q1-Q6都为H。
18.权利要求15-17中任一项的药盒,其中Z如权利要求9中定义。
19.一种下式III的化合物:
其中:Q1-Q6和n如权利要求10中定义;
E为适于与权利要求1-9中任一项的生物靶向部分Z缀合的官能团,且选自-NH2、-CO2M、-NCS、-NCO、马来酰亚胺或丙烯酰胺,
其中M为H、阳离子、保护基或活性酯;
前提条件是:
a.当n=3时,Q1-Q6中的至少一个为氮保护基;
b.当n=3或5时,E不为OH;
c.当E=-NH2时,Q1-Q6都为氮保护基。
20.权利要求19的化合物,其中E为-NH2或-CO2M。
21.权利要求19或20的化合物,其中n为1-6。
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