CN101126330A - 用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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CN101126330A
CN101126330A CNA2007101426497A CN200710142649A CN101126330A CN 101126330 A CN101126330 A CN 101126330A CN A2007101426497 A CNA2007101426497 A CN A2007101426497A CN 200710142649 A CN200710142649 A CN 200710142649A CN 101126330 A CN101126330 A CN 101126330A
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ring
passage
exhaust
diffuser
gas turbocharger
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CN101126330B (zh
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A·沃格斯
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel SE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14Casings modified therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/22Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一个用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器具有一个用于使离开内燃机发动机的废气流减压的涡轮机,并且具有一个用于压缩要输送到内燃机发动机的燃烧气体流的压缩机,其中该涡轮机具有一个进气壳(10)、一个喷嘴环(11)、一个涡轮机转子(12)和一个扩压器(13),它们定义涡轮机的一个废气通流通道,并且其中该进气壳(10)、喷嘴环(11)和扩压器(13)还定义一个环通道(20)。按照本发明在进气壳(10)中组合至少一个通道(21),它使环通道(20)与涡轮机周围连接,并且在扩压器(13)或者在径向向外限定涡轮机转子(12)的遮盖环(15)里面组合至少一个通道(22),它使环通道(20)与由扩压器(13)提供的废气通流通道区段(19)连接。

Description

用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器。
背景技术
为了提高内燃机效率已知,内燃机配有一个废气涡轮增压器。在废气增压或涡轮增压时使由发动机排出的废气在废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机中减压,其中该涡轮机驱动废气涡轮增压器的一个压缩机,在其中压缩输送到发动机的燃烧气体。通过这种废气增压或者涡轮增压可以提高内燃机的效率。
由DE 101 25 250 C1已知一个内燃机废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机,它包括一个进气壳、一个扩压器、一个喷嘴环以及一个涡轮机转子,它们限制涡轮机的一个废气通流通道。该喷嘴环顺流进气壳设置,该涡轮机转子顺流喷嘴环设置而扩压器顺流涡轮机转子设置,其中该涡轮机转子径向向外由一个遮盖环限制,该遮盖环完成在喷嘴环与扩压器之间的废气通流通道的径向外置壁体。所述进气壳以及扩压器与喷嘴环和遮盖环一起限定一个环通道,它与废气通流通道分开并且在废气通流通道的轴向部位径向向外包围废气通流通道。
在废气涡轮增压器运行中限定废气通流通道的这些结构组件或结构组件区段承受高温,因此由现有技术已知,这些结构组件或结构组件区段要冷却或隔热。目前对此使用由独立装置构成的冷却装置,由此引起相对复杂的废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机结构。
发明内容
由此本发明的目的是,提供新型的用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器。
这个目的通过按照权利要求1的用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器得以实现。按照本发明在进气壳中组合至少一个通道,该通道使环通道与涡轮机周围环境连接,其中在扩压器或者在径向向外限定涡轮机转子的遮盖环里面组合至少一个通道,它使环通道与由扩压器提供的废气流通道区段连接。
通过组合在进气壳以及扩压器里面的通道可以通过相对简单的构造措施实现废气涡轮增压器涡轮机的热的结构部件或结构部件区段的有效冷却。如果在涡轮机或废气涡轮增压器处要产生不密封性,则必要时吸出聚积在涡轮机周围的废气并且输送到废气涡轮增压器的扩压器。
由从属权利要求和下面的描述给出本发明的优选改进方案。借助于附图详细描述本发明的一个实施例,但是本发明不局限于此。
附图说明
附图中:
图1示出一个按照本发明的用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机的局部示意横截面图。
具体实施方式
下面以一个废气涡轮增压器为例描述本发明,该废气涡轮增压器包括一个由轴流式涡轮机构成的涡轮机。已由DE 101 25 250 C1已知一个废气涡轮增压器的轴流式涡轮机的原理结构,其公开内容在这里作为引用。在这里还要指出,本发明也可以用于径流式的涡轮机。
图1示出一个按照本发明的废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机在一个轴向延伸的废气流通道的径向外置端部上的局部,该废气流通道由一个进气壳10、一个喷嘴环11、一个涡轮机转子12和一个扩压器13构成。关于涡轮机转子12在图1中示出一个叶片14的径向外置的区段,其中该涡轮机转子12或其叶片14在废气流通道的径向外置端部上由一个遮盖环15限制,该遮盖环定位在喷嘴环11与扩压器13之间并且径向向外补充废气流通道的壁体。
因此在轴向上延伸的涡轮机废气流通道由总共四个区段组成,其中第一区段16由进气壳10提供,第二区段17由喷嘴环11提供,第三区段18由涡轮机转子12及遮盖环15提供而第四区段19由扩压器13提供。
如同由图1可以看到的那样,所述进气壳10、扩压器13、喷嘴环11以及遮盖环15还限定一个环通道20,它在由现有技术已知的废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机中完全与废气流通道分开并且在废气通流通道的一个轴向部位中径向向外包围废气通流通道。
就本发明而言至少一个通道21组合到进气壳10里面,该通道使环通道20与涡轮机周围连接。
此外在扩压器13或者在遮盖环15里面组合至少一个通道22,它使环通道20与由扩压器13提供的废气通流通道区段19连接。
在运行中在由扩压器13提供的废气流通道区段19中相对于废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机的环境压力处于一个负压,因此在图1所示箭头的方向上环境空气通过该通道或每个通道21抽到环通道20中的并从环通道20通过该通道或每个通道22抽到扩压器13的废气通流通道区段19中。
通过吸入的、相对较冷的环境空气可以冷却喷嘴环11的以及遮盖环15的特别部分。然后,当废气涡轮增压器具有不密封性时,并且在涡轮机周围聚积废气时,则抽吸所述废气并且输送到按照本发明的废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机的扩压器13。
附图标记清单
10    进气壳
11    喷嘴环
12    涡轮机转子
13    扩压器
14    转子叶片
15    遮盖环
16    第一废气流通道区段
17    第二废气流通道区段
18    第三废气流通道区段
19    第四废气流通道区段
20    环通道
21    通道
22    通道

Claims (4)

1.用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器,其具有用于使离开内燃机发动机的废气流减压的涡轮机并且具有用于压缩要输送到内燃机发动机的燃烧用空气流的压缩机,其中该涡轮机具有进气壳(10)、喷嘴环(11)、涡轮机转子(12)和扩压器(13),它们限定涡轮机的废气流通道,并且其中该进气壳(10)、喷嘴环(11)和扩压器(13)还限定环通道(20),其特征在于,在进气壳(10)中组合至少一个通道(21),该通道使环通道(20)与涡轮机周围环境连接,并且在扩压器(13)或者在径向向外限定涡轮机转子(12)的遮盖环(15)里面组合至少一个通道(22),该通道使环通道(20)与由扩压器(13)提供的废气流通道区段(19)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,通过在进气壳(10)和扩压器(13)或遮盖环(15)上施加的通道(21,22)能抽吸涡轮机的环境空气并且能通过环通道(20)导入到由扩压器(13)提供的废气流通道区段(19)。
3.如权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,由此可以冷却喷嘴环(11)的和安装部件的部分。
4.如权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,由此可以冷却涡轮机转子(12)的遮盖环(15)。
CN2007101426497A 2006-08-19 2007-08-20 用于内燃机的废气涡轮增压器 Expired - Fee Related CN101126330B (zh)

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DE102006039064.4 2006-08-19
DE102006039064.4A DE102006039064B4 (de) 2006-08-19 2006-08-19 Abgasturbolader für eine Brennkraftmaschine

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107461226A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-12 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 涡轮增压器的轴流式涡轮和涡轮增压器

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DE102016209911A1 (de) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-07 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Axialturbine

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DE869711C (de) 1943-11-10 1953-03-05 Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luftfahrt Anordnung zur Belueftung des Auspuffgehaeuses von Gas- oder Abgasturbinen
JPS59180032A (ja) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-12 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd 排気タ−ボ過給機の冷却装置
JPS62135802A (ja) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-18 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 光情報記録媒体の記録再生用対物レンズ
JPS62135802U (zh) * 1986-02-21 1987-08-26
DE10013335A1 (de) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-20 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Baden Leitapparat für eine axial durchströmte Abgasturbine
DE10125250C5 (de) 2001-05-23 2007-03-29 Man Diesel Se Axialturbine eines Abgastruboladers mit internem Berstschutz
EP1561909A1 (de) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Diffusor, Turbinenanlage und Verfahren zur Druckrückgewinnung bei einer Turbinenanlage

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107461226A (zh) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-12 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 涡轮增压器的轴流式涡轮和涡轮增压器

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DE102006039064B4 (de) 2020-06-25
JP2008045543A (ja) 2008-02-28
KR101319807B1 (ko) 2013-10-17
CN101126330B (zh) 2012-06-13
JP4943963B2 (ja) 2012-05-30
KR20080016774A (ko) 2008-02-22
CH700714B1 (de) 2010-10-15

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