CN101112567A - Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis - Google Patents
Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101112567A CN101112567A CNA2007101209067A CN200710120906A CN101112567A CN 101112567 A CN101112567 A CN 101112567A CN A2007101209067 A CNA2007101209067 A CN A2007101209067A CN 200710120906 A CN200710120906 A CN 200710120906A CN 101112567 A CN101112567 A CN 101112567A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- chinese medicine
- radix
- traditional chinese
- rhizoma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating bacterial vaginosis, which takes more than 10 Chinese herbal medicines of common anemarrhena rhizome, amur corktree bark, radix rehmanniae preparata, common yam rhizome etc. as the raw materials. The present invention has the effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, killing parasites and stopping itch. Based on the differential treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine, the invention is developed by combining the latest scientific research results with the traditional Chinese medicine. The present invention aims at providing the traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating bacterial vaginosis. The present invention is characterized by accurate efficacy, safety, convenience, no toxicity or side effects and low price.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis, is that a kind of bacterial vaginitis for the treatment of is the Chinese medicine preparation of raw material with the Chinese herbal medicine.Belong to the field of Chinese medicines.
Background technology
The generation of bacterial vaginitis, dirty and wind, cold, wet, the hot heresy in liver,spleen,kidney three of the many duties of the traditional Chinese medical science.According to the clinical manifestation of bacterial vaginitis, can be diagnosed as " leukorrheal diseases " " pudendal pruritus " of the traditional Chinese medical science etc. respectively, examine because of opinion and control, the damp invasion of lower energizer person controls with clearing away heat-damp and promoting diuresis; The stagnated heat of liver channel person, then suitable soothing the liver heat clearing away; The then suitable nourishing the liver and kidney of hepatic and renal YIN deficiency person; The noxious dampness person then answers heat-clearing and toxic substances removing.But when facing card, still answer " giving consideration to both the incidental and fundamental ", pudendal pruritus person should hold concurrently with antipruritic, and the many persons of leukorrhagia should drink and add leukorrhagia stopping.Take the circumstances into consideration simultaneously in conjunction with fumigation and wash method, the method for external treatment such as medicine received, then effect is better.The traditional Chinese medical science is divided disease type Coryza Treated by Syndrome Differentiation such as the hepatic and renal YIN deficiency, stagnation of liver-QI spleen wet, damp invasion of lower energizer clinically, obtains very good effect.Invent a kind of not only safety but also effective Chinese medicine preparation, be significant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention develops in conjunction with the latest modern technological scientific achievement on the basis of traditional tcm syndrome differentiation and treatment.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis.Have determined curative effect, safe ready, have no side effect, cheap characteristics.
The present invention is made by following raw materials by weight proportions:
1.0～4 parts of 1.0～4 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
1.0～4 parts of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
0.1～2 part of 0.1～2 part of Cortex Moutan of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
0.1～2 part of 0.1～2 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 1.0～4 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
The weight proportion of each crude drug of optimization formula of the present invention is:
1.5～2.5 parts of 1.5～2.5 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
1.5～2.5 parts of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
0.5～1.5 part of 0.5～1.5 part of Cortex Moutan of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
0.5～1.5 part of 0.5～1.5 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
The weight proportion of each crude drug of optimum formula of the present invention is:
2 parts of 2 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 2 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
2 parts of 2 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 2 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
1 part of 1 part of Cortex Moutan of 2 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
1 part of 1 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 2 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
Drug action mechanism among the present invention is as follows:
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae property of medicine hardship, cold.Return lung, stomach, kidney channel.Has clearing away heat-fire, nourishing yin and moistening dryness.Can treat epidemic febrile disease hyperpyrexia excessive thirst, the cough due to lung-heat, osteopyrexia and fever, seminal emission, night sweat, restlessness of asrhenia type and insomnia is quenched one's thirst etc.(the 1924th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
Cortex Phellodendri property of medicine hardship, cold.Return kidney, bladder, large intestine channel.Has heat clearing and damp drying, the effect of eliminating fire and detoxication.Can treat hygropyretic dysentery, have loose bowels, jaundice, nocturnal emission, stranguria with turbid discharge, leukorrhagia, hectic fever due to YIN-deficiency consumptive fever ， Wei Bi, and aphtha of the mouth and tongue, conjunctival congestion and swelling pain, skin sore, skin eczema etc.(the 2823rd page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The Rhizoma Dioscoreae property of medicine is sweet, flat.Return spleen, lung, kidney channel.Have spleen reinforcing, support lung, reinforce the kidney, the effect that benefit is smart.Can treat diarrhea due to hypofunction of the spleen, the lack of appetite edema, cough and asthma due to lung deficiency is quenched one's thirst, seminal emission, leukorrhagia, the frequent micturition of suffering from a deficiency of the kidney.Carbuncle is controlled in external, scrofula etc.(the 218th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The Rhizoma Alismatis property of medicine is sweet, light, and is cold.Return kidney, urinary bladder channel.Have promoting diuresis to eliminate damp pathogen, treating stranguria effect expels the heat-evil.Can treat dysuria, the puckery pain of pyretic stranguria, the edema distension is had loose bowels, dizziness due to fluid-retention, seminal emission etc.(the 2067th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
Radix Scutellariae property of medicine hardship, cold.Return lung, the heart, liver, gallbladder, large intestine channel.Has clearing away heat-fire, dampness detoxifcation, hemostasis, antiabortive effect.Can treat the cough due to lung-heat, the calentura unconsciousness due to high fever, the liver-fire headache, conjunctival congestion and swelling pain, jaundice due to damp-heat, dysentery, pyretic stranguria is told nosebleed, metrorrhagia, excessive fetal movement due to heat in pregnancy, carbuncle furuncle etc.(the 2808th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The Radix Angelicae Sinensis property of medicine is sweet, hot, bitter, temperature.Return liver, the heart, spleen channel.Having enriches blood invigorates blood circulation, menstruction regulating and pain relieving, the effect of moisturizing laxation.Can treat all cards of blood deficiency, menoxenia, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea ， mass in the abdomen knot is poly-, metrorrhagia, asthenia cold abdominalgia, flaccidity syndrome and arthralgia syndrome, numbness of the skin, the dryness of the intestine dyschezia, heavy after the bloody dysentery, ulcer sores, injury from falling down etc.(the 1210th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The little hardship of the Herba Artemisiae Scopariae property of medicine, little suffering are slightly cold.Return spleen, stomach, urinary bladder channel.Has clearing away heat-damp and promoting diuresis, the effect of jaundice eliminating.Can treat jaundice, dysuria, eczema pruritus etc.(the 2146th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The Radix Rehmanniae Preparata sweet in the mouth, slightly warm in nature.Have nourishing YIN and supplementing blood, beneficial essence is filled out the effect of marrow.Can treat soreness of the waist and knees, osteopyrexia and fever, the night sweat seminal emission, interior-heat is quenched one's thirst, severe palpitation, menoxenia, metrostaxis, dizzy, tinnitus, early whitening of beard and hair, anemia etc.(the 197th page of chief editor such as the firm Xiao Ying of party " Chinese medicine and health food development and exploitation " People's Health Publisher).
Radix Bupleuri nature and flavor hardship, be slightly cold.Return liver, gallbladder meridian.Effect with reconciling superficies and interior, soothing the liver, yang invigorating.Can treat alternate attack of chill and fever, fullness in the chest and hypochondriac pain, deafness, headache and dizziness, malaria, dysentery proctoptosis, menoxenia, uterine prolapse, flu, upper respiratory tract infection, hepatitis, cholecystitis etc.(Ji Yubin chief editor " Chinese medicine medicine for preventing pharmacology and application " Heilungkiang science tech publishing house 1999 version the 1004th page).
Radix Stemonae property of medicine hardship, little sweet, tepor.Return lung meridian.Has nourishing the lung to arrest cough, the effect of parasite killing delousing.Can treat new chronic cough and cough, pulmonary tuberculosis, pertussis, enterobiasis, body louse, tinea scabies etc.(the 1179th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
Cortex Moutan property of medicine hardship, suffering are slightly cold.GUIXIN, liver, kidney channel.Has clearing away heat and cooling blood, the effect of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.Can treat the epidemic febrile disease pathogenic heat attacking blood system in febrile diseases, send out speckle, tell nosebleed, the calentura later stage, hot Fu Yin divided heating, osteopyrexia and fever, and amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood, dysmenorrhea, mass in the abdomen, carbuncle sore tumefacting virus falls and pounces on the pain of injury, rheumatic arthralgia etc.(the 1578th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The Semen Plantaginis property of medicine is sweet, light, is slightly cold.Return lung, liver, kidney, urinary bladder channel.Have heat clearing away, diuresis makes eye bright, the expectorant effect.Can treat urinary obstruction, stranguria with turbid discharge, leukorrhagia, edema, the heat-damp in summer dysentery, conjunctival congestion is hidden from view, and the expectorant heat syndrome cough is breathed heavily etc.(the 539th page of Shanghai science tech publishing house second edition write by " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
The present invention follows the principles of formulating prescriptions of the traditional Chinese medical science " monarch ", is monarch drug with Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Scutellariae and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae; With the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Alismatis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and the Radix Stemonae is ministerial drug; With Cortex Moutan, Semen Plantaginis and Radix Bupleuri is adjuvant.All medicines are harmonious, and are total to the tool clearing away heat-damp and promoting diuresis, the effect of killing parasites for relieving itching.The treatment bacterial vaginitis has determined curative effect, has no side effect taking convenience, cheap characteristics.
Clinical drug of the present invention uses the result to show that following advantage is arranged:
1, the Chinese herbal medicine each component selected for use of the present invention meets the regulation of The Drug Administration Law of People's Republic of China, utilizes the comprehensive function treatment bacterial vaginitis of the Chinese medicine of respectively distinguishing the flavor of, and is nontoxic to human body.Show that through the acute and chronic toxicity test of animal the animal of being tested does not see any toxic reaction, its main organs does not have tangible change yet, and safety of medicine is reliable.
2, rich in proteins in the medicine of the present invention, glucose, glucuronic acid, volatile oil, pectin, fructose, organic acid, lecithin, vitamin, aminoacid also contains various trace elements such as Saponin, plant sterol and calcium, is beneficial to absorption of human body, health invigorating.
3, the present invention not only can effectively treat bacterial vaginitis, and the prevention of bacterial vaginitis is also had good effect, and the treatment bacterial vaginitis has determined curative effect, has no side effect taking convenience, cheap characteristics.
For showing the therapeutic effect of medicine of the present invention, as follows through clinical test results to the treatment bacterial vaginitis; Treatment bacterial vaginitis patient 25 examples.Take the embodiment decoction, each 1 bag, two to three times on the one, take half an hour ante cibum.Two weeks is a course of treatment, take continuously three the course of treatment observe the curative effect.11 examples of fully recovering account for 44%, and 11 examples that take a turn for the better account for 44%, and invalid 3 examples account for 12%, and total effective rate reaches 88%.After three course of therapy, patient does not have any untoward reaction, and three big routine tests and hepatic and renal function detect no abnormal.
The specific embodiment
The embodiment decoction is pressed following weight weighting raw materials:
2 parts of 2 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 2 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
2 parts of 2 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 2 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
1 part of 1 part of Cortex Moutan of 2 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
1 part of 1 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 2 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
Preparation method is to get the above-mentioned raw materials medicine to clean roguing, dries, and is ground into granule, soaks 1 hour, puts and decocts with water secondary in the multi-function extractor, adds up the water of 10 times of amounts of medical material for the first time, decocts 1.5～2 hours, gets decocting liquid, filters.Add up for the second time the water of 7 times of amounts of medical material, decocted 1～1.2 hour, get decocting liquid twice, filter, in the heat-sealing bag, 105 ℃ of high temperature sterilizes, packing is promptly.The decoction of the treatment bacterial vaginitis that the present invention makes is that plastic packaging is packed, and every bag of 210ml is oral, one time one bag, every day two to three times.Two weeks is a course of treatment.
Claims (3)
1. Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis is characterized in that it is made by following raw materials by weight proportions:
1.0～4 parts of 1.0～4 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
1.0～4 parts of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
0.1～2 part of 0.1～2 part of Cortex Moutan of 1.0～4 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
0.1～2 part of 0.1～2 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 1.0～4 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
2. a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis according to claim 1, wherein the weight proportion of each crude drug is:
1.5～2.5 parts of 1.5～2.5 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
1.5～2.5 parts of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
0.5～1.5 part of 0.5～1.5 part of Cortex Moutan of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
0.5～1.5 part of 0.5～1.5 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 1.5～2.5 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
3. a kind of Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of bacterial vaginitis according to claim 1, wherein the weight proportion of each crude drug is:
2 parts of 2 portions of Herba Artemisiae Scopariaes of 2 parts of Radix Scutellariaes of the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
2 parts of 2 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata of 2 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Cortex Phellodendri
1 part of 1 part of Cortex Moutan of 2 parts of Radix Bupleuri of Rhizoma Dioscoreae
1 part of 1 portion of Semen Plantaginis of 2 parts of Radixs Stemonae of Rhizoma Alismatis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101209067A CN101112567A (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2007-08-29 | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101209067A CN101112567A (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2007-08-29 | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101112567A true CN101112567A (en) | 2008-01-30 |
Family
ID=39021197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101209067A Pending CN101112567A (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2007-08-29 | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101112567A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102743595A (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2012-10-24 | 谷书华 | Preparation method of Chinese medicine irrigation solution for treating kidney-yin deficiency type trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN102743625A (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2012-10-24 | 邓梅 | Preparation method of Chinese medicine irrigation solution for treating yellow and turbid urine type trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN103611027A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-05 | 侯亭美 | Pharmaceutical composition for clinically preventing, nursing and treating trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN103893621A (en) * | 2014-03-22 | 2014-07-02 | 苑丕吉 | Traditional Chinese medicament for treating senile vaginitis |
| CN105194481A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2015-12-30 | 青岛麦瑞特医药技术有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating bacteroidal vagina diseases |
| CN105194210A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2015-12-30 | 贾颖洁 | Traditional Chinese medicine suppository for treating bacterial vaginitis and preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine suppository |
| CN105687626A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-22 | 李洪颜 | Medicine for treating bacterial vaginitis and preparation method |
-
2007
- 2007-08-29 CN CNA2007101209067A patent/CN101112567A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102743595A (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2012-10-24 | 谷书华 | Preparation method of Chinese medicine irrigation solution for treating kidney-yin deficiency type trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN102743625A (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2012-10-24 | 邓梅 | Preparation method of Chinese medicine irrigation solution for treating yellow and turbid urine type trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN103611027A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-05 | 侯亭美 | Pharmaceutical composition for clinically preventing, nursing and treating trichomonas vaginitis |
| CN103611027B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-03-16 | 孙运芳 | The pharmaceutical composition of a kind of clinical prevention, nursing and treatment trichomonal vaginitis |
| CN103893621A (en) * | 2014-03-22 | 2014-07-02 | 苑丕吉 | Traditional Chinese medicament for treating senile vaginitis |
| CN105194210A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2015-12-30 | 贾颖洁 | Traditional Chinese medicine suppository for treating bacterial vaginitis and preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine suppository |
| CN105194481A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2015-12-30 | 青岛麦瑞特医药技术有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating bacteroidal vagina diseases |
| CN105687626A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-22 | 李洪颜 | Medicine for treating bacterial vaginitis and preparation method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101112567A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating bacterial vaginitis | |
| CN101112528A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating postpartum constipation | |
| CN101129766A (en) | Chinese medicine preparation for treating constipation | |
| CN101095828A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine composition for treating diabetes constipation | |
| CN101112518A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating postpartum blood deficiency and fever | |
| CN101095780A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating diabetes fatty liver | |
| CN101112453A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine composition for treating bacchia | |
| CN101249151A (en) | Chinese medicine preparation for treating gout and rheumatism | |
| CN101129627A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine formulated product for treating post partum toxin fever | |
| CN101066338A (en) | Chinese medicine for treating wheal during menstruation | |
| CN101095907A (en) | Chinese patent drug for treating diabetes peripheral neuritis | |
| CN101085259A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine decoction for treating chronic nephritis | |
| CN101095816A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating diabetic neurogenic bladder | |
| CN101085281A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine for curing chronic nephritis | |
| CN101095829A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating diabetes constipation | |
| CN101112557A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine composition for treating diabetic aphtha | |
| CN101129876A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating bacchia | |
| CN101095776A (en) | Chinese patent drug for treating diabetes deafness | |
| CN101129724A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine formulated product for treating salpingitis | |
| CN101129719A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating bacteroidal colpitis | |
| CN100546623C (en) | The psoriatic Chinese medicine preparation of a kind of treatment | |
| CN101129938A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine formulated product for treating salpingitis | |
| CN101085213A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating nephrotic syndrome | |
| CN101112521A (en) | Chinese traditional medicine preparations for treating pregnancy aphonia | |
| CN101116719A (en) | Chinese medicine preparation for treating neurodermatitis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20080130 |