CN101107767B - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Rotating electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101107767B
CN101107767B CN2006800025074A CN200680002507A CN101107767B CN 101107767 B CN101107767 B CN 101107767B CN 2006800025074 A CN2006800025074 A CN 2006800025074A CN 200680002507 A CN200680002507 A CN 200680002507A CN 101107767 B CN101107767 B CN 101107767B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
coil
stator core
oil
fluid
stator
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2006800025074A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101107767A (en
Inventor
竹纲靖治
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil

Abstract

A rotating electric machine (50), comprising a stator (1), a rotor (32), a case (34) storing the stator (1) and the rotor (32), and an oil pump (36). Oil discharge ports (51, 52) are formed at the terminal part of an oil discharge passage (48) of the case (34), and a cooling oil is supplied to the upper cutout parts of the stator (1). A groove part is covered by a cover to form a closed flow passage. Since the cooling oil is sufficiently applied to the portion of a coil exposed to the inside of the flow passage, a cooling efficiency is increased. Also the cooling oil is guided to an orifice on the lower side in the gravitational direction. Accordingly, since the cooling oil does not flow in an air gap between the rotor (32) and the stator (1), a power loss can be prevented from occurring.

Description

Electric rotating machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric rotating machine, body more more relates to and has cooling with the flow electric rotating machine of the coolant flow channel that passes through of fluid.
Background technology
In order under harsh loading condition, to make electric rotating machine (motor, generator or motor generator) rotation, perhaps in order to reduce the size of electric rotating machine, needs promptly distribute the heat of coil or stator core generation.If the temperature of stator raises, then the enamel coating of the enamel line of coil perhaps can melt down the insulating paper of coil and stator insulation isolation.
Recently, introduced with engine or alternative engine and used the vehicle of electric rotating machine as drive source, for example motor vehicle, motor vehicle driven by mixed power and fuel-cell vehicle.Driving and the compact in size of electric rotating machine under harsh loading condition to being installed on the above-mentioned vehicle has high requirement.
In the prior art, knownly directly partly supply cooling fluid with the cooling coil temperature and prevent enamel coating or technology that insulating paper melts down to coil windings.For example, cooling fluid supply port is set on the top of the housing that holds electric rotating machine, and cooling fluid is sprayed to coil with cooling coil through cooling fluid supply port.
When cooling fluid was provided to coil and falls because of action of gravity then, 30% to about 60% the coil outer surface region of in fact only the having an appointment fluid that is cooled covered, and the remainder of coil surface is not cooled that fluid soaks into but by air cooling.Therefore, although compare by air cooled situation with coil all surfaces zone, it is lower that coil temperature becomes, and coil temperature still can raise in more harsh drive condition scope (high-speed range or big torque range).
The early stage publication number 2002-272041 of Japan Patent, 4-364343,2003-289650 and 2003-224945 have disclosed a kind of electric rotating machine with the enclosed type coolant flow channel that on the coil windings end surfaces partly of stator, is provided with.Simply be sprayed to the situation that coil and fluid flow down because of action of gravity with working as cooling fluid, said structure has improved the effect of cooling coil.
But in the structure that the prior art document the early stage publication number 2002-272041 such as Japan Patent is disclosed, cooling fluid is discharged from the top supply of electric rotating machine and in the bottom.In this structure, if cooling fluid supply is inadequate, cooling fluid even can not contact with the part on the coil windings end surfaces then in the part, cooling performance can not be satisfactory thus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric rotating machine that improves cooling performance that has.
In brief, the invention provides a kind of electric rotating machine, comprising: stator core; Twine the coil of said stator core; Coolant flow channel, said coolant flow channel are arranged such that at least a portion of the said coil that twines said stator core is submerged in the fluid that is used for cooling off; And the flow rate control unit, be used to control the supply or the discharge capacity of said fluid, make said coolant flow channel suitably be filled with said fluid.
Preferably, in said coolant flow channel, fluid supply port is set, and the fluid discharge port is set at the downside of said stator core at the upside of said stator core.Said flow rate control unit comprises the flow rate control valve that is mounted to said fluid discharge port.
Preferably, detecting unit is set, is used to detect the state of said electric rotating machine.Said flow rate control unit is according to the coil dipping level that changes the said fluid that is filled in the said coolant flow channel from the output of said detecting unit.
Preferably, this electric rotating machine also comprises the resin molded part of said coil stationary on stator.
According on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of electric rotating machine, comprising: stator core; Twine the coil of said stator core; And coolant flow channel, said coolant flow channel is arranged such that at least a portion of the said coil that twines said stator core is submerged in the fluid that is used for cooling off.In said coolant flow channel, at the downside of said stator core fluid supply port is set, and the fluid discharge port is set at the upside of said stator core.
Preferably, this electric rotating machine also comprises the unidirectional valve that is mounted to said fluid supply port.
Preferably, said fluid discharge port is set at a position, is provided to said stator core and holds the space between the housing of said stator core from the said fluid of said fluid discharge port discharging allowing.
Preferably, this electric rotating machine also comprises the resin molded part of said coil stationary on stator.
According to the present invention; Because adopted closed flow, so the major part of coil all can contact with cooling fluid, the heat exchange between cold oil and the coil increases thus; Can significantly reduce the thermal resistance between coil and the cold oil, and cooling motor more effectively.
In addition, because heat dissipation path allows from the coil to the cold oil, directly to dispel the heat, thus can significantly reduce the thermal resistance between coil and the cold oil, and cooling motor effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of the stator 1 of use in the embodiments of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that the line II-II along Fig. 1 is got.
Fig. 3 is the view of getting from the direction of the III-III of Fig. 2, has wherein removed capping 60.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of structure that is used for oil is supplied to the notch portion at the place, top that is arranged on stator 1.
Fig. 5 shows the another kind of structure that is used to supply oil.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view that the line VI-VI along Fig. 5 is got.
Fig. 7 shows flowing of cold oil.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram, shows the structure according to the electric rotating machine 200 of embodiment 3.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart, and the control of controller 204 execution of cold oil discharge capacity is controlled in expression by as shown in Figure 8 being used to.
Figure 10 is a flow chart, the control that expression is carried out by controller 204 according to embodiment 4.
Figure 11 is a flow chart, the control that expression is carried out by controller 204 according to embodiment 5.
Figure 12 is a block diagram, shows the structure according to the electric rotating machine 300 of embodiment 6.
Figure 13 is a flow chart, and the processing of coil temperature is estimated in expression by coil temperature estimation unit 306.
Figure 14 is a flow chart, the processing that expression is carried out by controller shown in Figure 12 204.
Figure 15 is the front view of the stator 400 of use among the embodiment 7.
Figure 16 is the cutaway view that the line XVI-XVI along Figure 15 is got.
Figure 17 is the front view of the stator 500 of use among the embodiment 8.
Figure 18 is the cutaway view that the line XVIII-XVIII along Figure 17 is got.
Figure 19 shows cold oil from overflowing the situation of port infiltration.
Figure 20 illustrates flowing from the oil that overflows the port discharging.
Embodiment
Below, will be described in detail embodiments of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing.Represent identical or corresponding part by identical label, and will no longer repeat description it.
[embodiment 1]
Embodiment 1 has proposed a kind of motor cooling structure, and through direct liquid cools coil, it can be worked under harsh loading condition, and can reduce wherein to be molded with the size of motor of the coiler part of stator.
Fig. 1 is the front view of the stator 1 of use in embodiments of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that the line II-II along Fig. 1 is got.
With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, stator 1 is cylindrical, wherein accommodates rotor, and on the opposite flank, has capping 60 and 79.Capping 60 through be arranged in the bolt 61 to 67 on the outer circumferential side and be arranged in bolt 70 to 77 on all sides be fixed on the moulded resin part 2 of stator.
Fig. 3 be corresponding to Fig. 2, along the view that the direction of III-III is got, wherein removed capping 60.
Referring to figs. 2 and 3; Stator 1 comprises stator core 8, the coil 11 to 22 that twines around the core of stator core 8 respectively and the resin part 2 of wherein holding rotor in the form of a ring, and this resin part 2 is fixing and be supported on the stator core 8 with coil 11 to 22 through moulded resin.
Fig. 3 show stator on/following section and cylindrical shape inner surface.On the cylindrical shape inner surface, the head of visible stator core 8A to 8E.
On the surface perpendicular to rotor and rotating shaft of resin part 2, be provided with the groove 30 that is used for to coil 11 to 22 guiding cold oils.Groove 30 is formed by the wall portion of stretching out from resin part 23 and 5.In motor vehicle driven by mixed power, use ATF (automatic transmission liquid) usually as cold oil.
The part of coil 11 to 22 exposes and is not embedded in the resin part from the inwall of groove 30.Expose portion is the coiler part that on the rotating shaft front side, twines stator core 8.Because cold oil directly contacts coil, thus can be successfully with the heat transferred of coil to cold oil, can realize raising thus to cooling effect.
Groove 30 is an annular, and forms in the wall portion of grooves 30 in resin part 2, is provided with to be used to the notch portion 6 introducing the notch portion 7 of cold oil and be used to draw cold oil.Notch portion 7 is set to greater than notch portion 6, and cold oil is tending towards the bottom of accumulation at groove thus, and coil then is tending towards being immersed in the cold oil.Therefore, can further improve cooling effect.
Stator core is set to coil and is inserted into mould then, and (injectionmolding) forms resin part 2 through injection molding.In molded, make resin partly have recessed section shape, form groove 30 thus as the cold oil passage.
Upside place on the action of gravity direction is from notch portion 7 supply cold oils; Cold oil flows through the path that is formed by cannelure on the molding 30 and capping 60; Cooling coil 11 to 22 is located to be discharged as the aperture 78 of discharge port through the bottom that is arranged on action of gravity direction upper cover 60 subsequently simultaneously.
In groove 30 through molded formation, when tank 30, one or more projections can be set, be used for suitably guiding cold oil to improve the heat exchange from the coil to the cold oil.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, show exemplary configurations, wherein the part of coil is exposed and expose from the outer surface of resin molded body.But, through following structure, can under the situation that does not expose coil, realize the effect of cooling coil to a certain extent, groove is set so that cold oil is guided near coil in resin molded body in this structure.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of structure that is used for oil is supplied to the notch portion at the place, top that is arranged on stator 1.
With reference to figure 4, electric rotating machine 50 comprises stator 1, be arranged in rotor 32 in the stator 1, hold stator 1 and rotor 32 housing 34, be fixed on the housing 34 and the ball bearing 38 of the rotating shaft 42 of support rotor 32 rotatably and 40 and be attached to rotating shaft 42 and be installed in the oil pump 36 of the outside of housing 34.Stator 1 is fixed on the housing 34 through bolt 53.
On housing 34, be provided with the suction passage 46 that the oil sump 44 that is used in the housing sucks oil and be used for the oil from oil pump 36 is supplied to the oil drain passage 48 of stator 1 to be used to cool off.At the end of oil drain passage 48, be provided with discharge port 51 and 52, and cold oil is provided to the middle body of the notch portion 7 of stator 1.
Cold oil is at first inhaled by oil pump 36 pumps from the oil sump 44 that is positioned at lower housing portion, through being arranged on the suction passage 46 in the housing 34 and passing through oil pump 36 and oil drain passage 48, is provided to the notch portion 7 of stator then.The cold oil of supply cools off stator 1, falls to being back to oil sump 44 because of action of gravity then.Can between oil sump 44 and oil pump 36, insert oil cooler.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, groove 30 is surrounded by wall portion 3 and 5 and capped 60 coverings.Therefore, cold oil has covered most of expose portion of coil 11 to 22, and is led to the aperture 78 at the downside place that is positioned on the gravity direction.Therefore, cold oil can not flow to the air gap between rotor 32 and the stator 1 shown in Figure 3.
If cold oil gets into the air gap between stator 1 and the rotor 32, then can cause power loss because of the cutting cold oil.Can prevent above-mentioned power loss through wall portion 5 is set.
Fig. 5 shows the another kind of structure that is used to supply oil.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view that the line VI-VI along Fig. 5 is got.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the structure of the electric rotating machine 5 that comprises stator shown in Figure 41 and rotor 32, are used for substituting oil pump 36 and attaching the housing of being loaded on 34 outsides and supply cold oil.
In the rotating shaft 42 of rotor 32, be fixed with output gear 152.Gear 150 is formed has the bigger diameter of specific output gear 152, and said gear is engaged with each other in electric machine casing 34 outsides.The bottom of gear 150 is immersed in the lubricating oil that is stored in first oil pocket 154.
First oil pocket 154 is separated forming second oil pocket 158 by barrier film 156, and in each oil pocket, all stores lubricating oil.Second oil pocket 158 is communicated with oil sump 44 shown in Figure 4.Barrier film 156 has narrow oil circuit (aperture) 160 in the central portion office along its height, and therefore the lubricating oil in being stored in second oil pocket 158 is to be supplied to first oil pocket 154 by the flow rate of narrow oil circuit 160 restrictions.
In addition, receive oiled-plate method 162 approximate horizontal above output gear 152 and arrange, and in the space 166 between this plate and gear box 164, be provided with a pair of cold oil supply port 118.
Therefore, along with the rotating shaft of rotor 32 42 rotations and with the gear wheel in large diameter 150 of output gear 152 engagements when horizontally extending rotating shaft 168 rotations, the lubricating oil that is stored in first oil pocket is promoted by gear wheel in large diameter 150.
Then, lubricating oil is supplied to space 166 and is provided to electric machine casing 34 as cold oil through cold oil supply port 118.Particularly, in electric rotating machine,, thus electric rotating machine itself is cooled off along with the cold oil in first oil pocket 154 is supplied in rotating shaft 42 rotations.Here, cold oil supply port 118 is corresponding to oil drain passage shown in Figure 4 48.
When its underpart was immersed in gear wheel in large diameter 150 in the oil and rotates along with the rotation of rotating shaft 42, the lubricating oil that are stored in first oil pocket 154 were raised, and oil is supplied to electric machine casing 34.The amount that is supplied to the lubricating oil of first oil pocket 154 from second oil pocket 158 receives the restriction that is arranged on the narrow oil circuit 160 on the barrier film 156.Therefore; The amount that is stored in the lubricating oil in first oil pocket keeps constant; And can be used for stably cooling off electric rotating machine to the lubricating oil of electric machine casing 34 supply q.s, suppressed the loss that meeting is caused by the stirring resistance that is immersed in the gear wheel in large diameter 150 in the too much lubricating oil under reverse situation simultaneously.
As stated; In embodiment 1; For the motor with resin molded stator adopts stator structure, a part of wherein twining the coil of stator core exposes from the outer surface of molding shown in Figure 3, and in the moulded resin part, forms runner can directly coil being cooled off through cold oil.
Form runner through sealing the groove that is formed in the molding part by capping 60 and 79.On gravity direction, discharge cold oil from upside supply cold oil and from downside.In order to make coil exposed, aperture 78 is arranged on cold oil discharge port place all being immersed in the cold oil by the part in the runner of capping 60 and 79 sealings.
The architectural feature of embodiment 1 is described below.
(a) part of the winding stator core of coil is barish and exposes from the outer surface of moulded resin part 2.
(b) be set at the upside of lower edge action of gravity direction under user mode of resin molded body as the notch portion 7 of cold oil supply port.Also can notch be arranged on capping 60 or 79 places rather than resin molded body place.
(c) capping 60 and 79 is provided with the cold oil discharge port.As discharge port, can when molded, be formed on the place, bottom on the action of gravity direction of molding.
(d) resin molded body that has a recessed section shape through formation is provided for guiding the groove of cold oil.
(e) when being arranged in 2 last times of moulded resin portion, capping 60 and 79 forms the runner of enclosed construction.Preferably, O ring or packing ring are set and are used for sealing between moulded resin part 2 and capping 60 and 79.When cold oil from along the top of action of gravity direction during supply, oil falls, the expose portion of cooling coil simultaneously, and discharge cold oil from the port along the bottom of action of gravity.
(f) at the discharge port place aperture 78 is set, makes overhang thorough impregnation or be immersed in the cold oil.
When molded, can as the runner that (e) is provided with is inboard forms single or a plurality of haunched members, make lubricating oil cover coil as far as possible equably and increase the area that is used between coil and cold oil, carrying out heat exchange.
In addition, according to the level of required cooling performance, form runner and make cold oil mobile enough, and need not be exposed to the winding part of the exposed coil of molding outer surface near coil.
Because this structure forms heat dissipation path, it allows from the coil to the cold oil, directly to carry out heat exchange, therefore can reduce the thermal resistance between coil and the cold oil significantly, and can cool off motor effectively.
In addition, because adopted closed runner and be provided with the aperture,, therefore increased the heat exchange area between cold oil and the coil so the whole zone of coil exposed part all contacts with cold oil.Therefore, can reduce the thermal resistance between coil and the cold oil significantly, and can more effectively cool off motor.
In addition, because runner is molded resin part 2 and capping 60 and 79 sealings,, therefore can prevent the power loss that causes because of rotor 32 cutting cold oils so cold oil is difficult to get into the air gap between stator 1 and the rotor 32.
[embodiment 2]
Embodiment 2 is corresponding to the structure according to the electric rotating machine of embodiment 1; According to this embodiment, the shape of the supply of cold oil, runner and the cross-sectional area that is arranged at the aperture 78 at cold oil discharge port place are arranged so that the in large supply in (> of cold oil) discharge capacity.
Fig. 7 shows flowing of cold oil.
With reference to figure 7, from notch portion 7 supply cold oils, and cold oil flows through runner and discharges through aperture 78 shown in arrow among Fig. 7.
Use Qin to represent that cold oil supply, D1 represent to flood that height, C represent that flow rate coefficient, G represent that acceleration of gravity, h0 represent the elemental height of pasta and B representes the cross-sectional area in aperture 78.Confirm that these values are to satisfy the represented relation of following formula (1).
Qin≥D1·C·(G/2h0) 1/2·B...(1)
Particularly, for the flow channel space that cold oil is filled up by moulded resin portion 2 and capping 60 and 79 sealings makes coil be immersed in fully in the cold oil, must satisfy the relation of Qin >=Qout.Provide oil mass through aperture 78 dischargings that are used to discharge cold oil on the right side of above-mentioned formula (1).Therefore, when the concrete parameter of having confirmed cooling structure of stator when satisfying the concerning of formula (1), coil is immersed in the cold oil fully, and can further improve the stator cooling performance.
Therefore,,, also can be successfully the whole zone of coil all be immersed in the cold oil, therefore can further reduces coil temperature even hour in the cold oil supply according to embodiment 2.
[embodiment 3]
In embodiment 1 and 2, through being immersed in from the resin molded body exposed portions of coil improved cooling performance the cold oil.But; Note; When the motor component such as enamel line and insulating paper impregnated in the cold oil, reaching higher temperature, these parts can be because of the low amounts of water hydrolysis that comprises in the cold oil, and the result understands the mechanical strength and the dielectric strength of these parts of deterioration.
Therefore, coil is immersed in as much as possible in the cold oil with when improving cooling performance, needs to improve enamel line or insulating paper resistance (to the resistance of hydrolysis), thereby increased the material cost of these parts oil at needs.
Embodiment 3 has proposed a kind of motor; Through adjusting wherein coil changeably directly by the coil dipping level in the oil cooled motor; Need not to force the resistance of the parts of raising such as enamel line and insulating paper, and allow under harsh loading condition, to work and allow to reduce size oil.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram, shows the structure according to the electric rotating machine 200 of embodiment 3.
With reference to figure 8, electric rotating machine 200 comprises the horizontal variable stator of coil dipping 202, is used to control controller 204, oil pump 36 and the oil sump 44 of cold oil discharge capacity.
The horizontal variable stator 202 of coil dipping comprise the encapsulated coil structure that has described in the embodiment 1 stator 1, be used to detect coil temperature detecting unit 206 and the electromagnetically operated valve 208 that is attached to the oily discharge port place of stator 1 of the stator coil temperature of stator 1 with encapsulated coil structure with encapsulated coil structure.
Through temperature sensor being embedded near the coil with encapsulated coil structure as shown in Figure 3 or coil temperature detecting unit 206 is set between the coil, and the integrally moulded of utilization and resin molded body is fixed.Electromagnetically operated valve 208 is mounted to the cold oil discharge port in the aperture 78 that substitutes capping 60 shown in Figure 1, and when electromagnetically operated valve 208 access failures, opens and when valve is connected, close (often opening).
When from along the top of action of gravity direction during the supply cold oil, oil along runner to coil exposed and exposed portions cool off, and oil discharges from the port along the bottom of action of gravity direction.At the discharge port place; Installation electromagnetically operated valve 208 is used to control the discharge capacity of cold oil; And in response to the temperature sensor signal TCOIL from coil temperature detecting unit 206, slave controller 204 is used to control the discharge capacity of cold oil to electromagnetically operated valve 208 output opening/closing (ON/OFF) signals.Through the adjustment open/closed signal, can adjust the coil dipping level of cold oil changeably.
Although by oil pump 36 supply, can also use following structure at cold oil shown in Fig. 8, wherein the cold oil of accumulation at place, electric machine casing bottom promoted by gear and falls through being arranged on the runner in the housing, like Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6 because of action of gravity.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart, and the control of controller 204 execution of cold oil discharge capacity is controlled in expression by as shown in Figure 8 being used to.
With reference to figure 9, at first at step S1, controller 204 obtains temperature sensor signal TCOIL from coil temperature detecting unit 206, and measures coil temperature T 1.At step S2, controller 204 judges whether coil temperature T1 is not less than threshold temperature T then *
Confirm and provide threshold value T through the temperature upper limit of motor component with following formula (2) *
T *=T0-α...(2)
Here, T0 representes the temperature upper limit of motor component (enamel line, insulating paper), and α representes tolerance limit.
If obtain coil temperature T1>=T at step S2 *, then handle and proceed to step S3.If do not satisfy T1>=T *, then handle and be back to step S1.
At step S3, controller 204 will be connected (ON) instruction and be sent to electromagnetically operated valve 208.Therefore, electromagnetically operated valve 208 is set to closed condition, and coil dipping level begins to raise.Then, at step S4, the timer in the controller 204 is started working.Time started measures thus.
Then, handle and proceed to step S5, and judge whether measurement time t is not shorter than the threshold value t1 of Measuring Time.
According to following formula (3), the supply Q through cold oil and the volume V of enclosure portion confirm the threshold value t1 of Measuring Time.
t1=V/Q...(3)
Processing is waited at step S5 and is reached threshold value t1 until Measuring Time, when Measuring Time surpasses threshold value t1, handles proceeding to step S6.
At step S6, controller 204 obtains temperature sensor signal TCOIL from coil temperature detecting unit 206 once more, and measures coil temperature T 2.
After the measurement of step S6 finishes, handle and proceed to step S7, and judge the threshold value T whether coil temperature T2 provides less than following formula (4) *
T **=T *-β...(4)
Here, T *Be the threshold value that obtains according to above-mentioned formula (2), and β is a tolerance limit.
At step S7, if coil temperature T2 is not less than threshold value T *, then handle and proceed to step S3, here electromagnetically operated valve is switched on and is arranged to closed condition, and coil dipping level thus raises.
If be lower than threshold value T at step S7 coil temperature *, then handle and proceed to step S8.At step S8, electromagnetically operated valve turn-offs and is set to open mode, reduces coil dipping level thus.After step S8 finishes, handle proceeding to step S9, and accomplish the processing of one-period.
Suppose T0=160 ℃, α=20 ℃ and β=40 ℃.Then,, connect the electromagnetically operated valve that is used to control the cold oil discharge capacity, can cool off with the state of complete submergence thus when coil temperature is 140 ℃ or when higher.When coil temperature is reduced to 120 ℃ or when lower, turn-offs the electromagnetically operated valve of the discharge capacity that is used to control cold oil, and the state of cooling is back to initial condition.
Adjust coil dipping level through carrying out processing shown in Figure 9 in each specified time period.In embodiment 3, electromagnetically operated valve 208 is attached to the stator 1 of the cooling structure with embodiment 1.The coil temperature of measuring when coil temperature detecting unit 206 surpasses threshold value T *The time, the part of closed electromagnetic valve and enclosed construction is full of cold oil fully.When coil temperature is not higher than threshold value T *The time, electromagnetically operated valve is opened, and cold oil falls through end winding because of action of gravity simply, does not store cold oil in the case.
As stated, in the electric rotating machine that embodiment 3 describes, can change the state that dipping exposes coiler part according to coil temperature.Therefore, can change cooling performance.Only the ability coil is set to complete submerged state when coil temperature is higher; Then only simply come cooling coil because of action of gravity is dirty at other times, thus the only short period of the component exposed such as enamel line and insulating paper to cold oil through cold oil.The deterioration that therefore, can suppress machinery and dielectric strength.In addition, do not need enamel line or insulating paper that oil is had very high resistance, therefore can reduce the cost of parts.
[embodiment 4]
In embodiment 4, control the electromagnetically operated valve of being controlled by the controller 204 of embodiment 3 by different way.
Figure 10 is a flow chart, the control that expression is carried out by controller 204 according to embodiment 4.
With reference to Figure 10, at first handle beginning at step S11, controller 204 obtains the temperature sensor signal TCOIL by 206 outputs of coil temperature detecting unit, and measures coil temperature T i.Then, handle and proceed to step S12, judge at step S12 whether coil temperature Ti is not less than coil temperature threshold value T *Utilized the formula (2) among the embodiment 3 to describe coil temperature threshold value T *, therefore will no longer repeat description to it.If S12 satisfies Ti>=T in step *, then handle and proceed to step S13.If do not satisfy Ti>=T at step S12 *, then handle and proceed to step S21.
At step S21, controller 204 startups are included in timer wherein.Begin measurement time t thus.
Then at step S22, judge whether overtime threshold value t2 of Measuring Time, wait for until satisfying t >=t2 and handle.
Be given in the threshold value t2 of the employed Measuring Time of step S22 by formula (5) according to the volume V of cold oil supply Q and enclosure portion.
t2=V/Q...(5)
If S22 satisfies t >=t2 in step, then handle and proceed to step S23, measure coil temperature T i once more and obtain coil temperature Ti+1.
At step S24, calculate last coil temperature T i of measurement and the difference DELTA T between the coil temperature Ti+1 that step S23 measures then.At step S25, judge whether the change amount Δ T of coil temperature surpasses defined threshold Δ Tth then.
If do not satisfy Δ T >=Δ Tth, then handle and be back to step S11 at step S25.If satisfy Δ T >=Δ Tth, then handle and proceed to step S13 at step S25.
At step S13 to S19, carry out the similar processing of processing with the step S3 to S9 that describes with reference to figure 9.These processing are described, therefore no longer repeat description it with reference to figure 9.
As stated; In embodiment 4; Through the processing shown in the step S21 to S24, when the change amount Δ T of the coil temperature of being measured by coil temperature detecting unit 206 surpassed specific threshold Δ Tth, the runner that flow process proceeds to step S13 enclosed construction then was full of cold oil fully.Therefore improved cooling performance.Subsequently, if coil temperature reaches threshold value T *Or lower, then be set to open mode at step S18 electromagnetically operated valve, cold oil is then dirty because of action of gravity simply.
Through above-mentioned setting, can and when temperature significantly changes, promptly make coil be immersed in the cold oil when temperature surpasses setting and improve cooling performance, can prevent the meltdown of motor component thus.For example, when vehicle is upwards creeped the abrupt slope, or quicken rapidly when overtaking other vehicles when vehicle, promptly when to a large amount of electric energy of coil supply, temperature can significantly change.
[embodiment 5]
In embodiment 5, the controller 204 through embodiment illustrated in fig. 83 is different from the control of embodiment 3.
Figure 11 is a flow chart, the control that expression is carried out by controller 204 according to embodiment 5.
With reference to Figure 11, treatment step S31 to S39 corresponds respectively to the treatment step S1 to S9 of Fig. 9.
The difference of processing shown in Figure 9 and processing shown in Figure 11 is: when not satisfying temperature T 2 at step S37<t *The time execution in step S41 to S46 processing.Therefore, because described corresponding step S1 to S9, so will no longer repeat description to the processing of step S31 to S39 with reference to figure 9.
If the step S37 at Figure 11 does not satisfy temperature T 2<t *, then handle and proceed to step S41.At step S41, judge whether to satisfy coil temperature T2 >=TLIM.Here, TLIM is the threshold value of the coil temperature that provided by formula (6).
TLIM=T0-γ
Here, T0 is the temperature upper limit of motor component (enamel line, insulating paper), and γ is an accepted tolerance.
If do not satisfy T2 >=TLIM, then handle and be back to step S33 at step S41.If S41 satisfies T2 >=TLIM in step, then handle and proceed to step S42.At step S42, controller 204 as shown in Figure 8 begins stator 1 is carried out export-restriction control.
At step S43, controller 204 reduces the electric current limiting command value ICOIL of motor then.Electric current limiting command value ICOIL is illustrated in the limits value that this time point can flow through the maximum current of motor coil.At step S44, controller 204 obtains temperature sensor signal TCOIL from coil temperature detecting unit 206 then, and measures coil temperature T 3.
At step S45, coil temperature T3 and threshold value TLIM are compared then.If < TLIM then handles and is back to step S43, and further reduces the electric current limiting command value ICOIL of motor not satisfy T3 at step S45.
If < TLIM then handles and proceeds to step S46, and finishes export-restriction control to satisfy T3 at step S45.After the processing of step S46 finishes, handle proceeding to step S36, and measure coil temperature T 2.
Because of having described corresponding step S1 to S9, so will no longer repeat description to the processing of step S31 to S39 with reference to figure 9.
As stated, according to embodiment 5, if coil temperature surpasses according to the determined threshold value T of the temperature upper limit of motor component *, then electromagnetically operated valve being set to closed condition, the part of enclosed construction is full of cold oil fully thus.In addition, if surpass threshold value TLIM at this state coil temperature, then controller 204 reduces the electric flux that is supplied to stator coil, melts down in case principal vertical line circle temperature raises and prevents.
For example suppose T0=160 ℃, α=20 ℃, β=40 ℃ and γ=5 ℃.Then, if coil temperature is 140 ℃ or higher then electromagnetically operated valve 208 is set to closed condition, coil is cooled off with complete submerged state.When coil temperature is lower than 120 ℃ or when lower, turn-off the electromagnetically operated valve of the discharge capacity that is used to control cold oil, the state of cooling is back to initial condition.If coil temperature surpasses 150 ℃, then controller 204 starter motor export-restrictions control is flow through the electric current of the coil of stator 1 with restriction, to reduce the heating of himself.
In this way, in embodiment 5, can adjust coil dipping level changeably, can change cooling performance according to the coil state thus.In addition, if be immersed in the cooling performance of the raising that the state in the cold oil realizes fully when still insufficient, then limit motor output, so can prevent the meltdown of motor component well by coil wherein.
[embodiment 6]
In embodiment 3 to 5, the coil temperature transducer is arranged near the stator coil, thus the magnetic test coil temperature.From being lighted until coil temperature, raises and conduction detects through moulded resin and by temperature sensor time that electric current flows through coil, because of there are some time lags in the reason of heat through the response of resin conduction or temperature sensor.When predicting coil temperature in advance can raise the time, hope can improve the coil cooling performance as soon as possible.
Figure 12 is a block diagram, shows the structure according to the electric rotating machine 300 of embodiment 6.
With reference to Figure 12, electric rotating machine 300 comprises vehicle-state measuring transducer 304, coil temperature estimation unit 306, is used to control the controller 204 of cold oil discharge capacity, is used for to rotor 302 supply cold oils to allow that coil dipping level is carried out the oil pump 36 of variable adjustment and the oil sump 44 of cold oil to allow coil dipping level is carried out variable adjustment that reception is discharged from rotor 302.
Vehicle-state measuring transducer 304 comprises lubricating oil temperature detecting unit 308, shift pattern transducer 310, throttle sensor 312, vehicle speed sensor 314 and brake switch 316.The horizontal variable stator 302 of coil dipping comprises the stator 1 with encapsulated coil structure of describing according to embodiment 1, and the electromagnetically operated valve 208 that is combined in the discharge port place of the stator 1 that substitutes the aperture.
304 outputs of vehicle-state measuring transducer are by the signal STATE of the expression vehicle-state that is arranged on each inner sensor.Coil temperature estimation unit 306 receives signal STATE, and the signal TCOIL of coil temperature is estimated in the output expression.Electromagnetically operated valve 208 is connected/turn-offed to controller 204 according to calculating the coil temperature that obtains.Described the shape of the stator 1 of encapsulated coil structure, therefore will no longer repeat description it referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3.
Figure 13 is a flow chart, and expression is by the process of the estimation coil temperature of coil temperature estimation unit 306 execution.
Coil temperature estimation unit 306 calculates coil temperature based on the signal from the expression vehicle-state of the shift pattern transducer 310, throttle sensor 312, vehicle speed sensor 314, brake switch 316 and the lubricating oil temperature detecting unit 308 that usually in the obtainable vehicle of commerce, are provided with.In fact the coil temperature estimation unit is written as in the controller 204 or is used for the part of program of the controller of Electric Machine Control.But, understand for ease, be independent of controller 204 at the estimation unit of coil temperature shown in Figure 12 306.
With reference to Figure 13, at first coil temperature estimation unit 306 calculates the heat that is produced by motor at step S51 according to following formula (7).
Qin(T)=f(V(t),Trq(T))...(7)
Here, Qin representes heat that motor produces, V representes motor speed and Trq representes motor torque.The heat Qin that produces with the stored in form motor of scheming in advance, as the function of motor speed V and motor torque Trq, and function f is used for reading the heat that motor produces from figure.
Calculate the heat Qout that coil distributes at step S52 according to following formula (8) then.
Qout(t)=K2(Tcoil(t)-α(t))...(8)
Here, Qout representes the heat that distributes from coil, and K2 representes that electric heating constant, α represent the core temperature and Tcoil representes coil temperature.
Calculate the rise of coil temperature then according to following formula (9) at step S53.
ΔT(t)=(Qin(t)-Qout(t))/K1...(9)
Here, Δ T representes the rise of coil temperature, and Qout representes the heat that distributes from coil, and K1 representes the thermal capacitance of coil.
Calculate coil temperature Tcoil at step S54 according to following formula (10) then.
Tcoil=Ti+
Figure S06802507420070719D00016181650QIETU
T(t)...(10)
Here, Ti representes initial temperature.
At last, handle and proceed to step S55, and coil temperature estimates that processing finishes.Through repeating the processing of flow chart shown in Figure 13, can calculate current coil temperature Tcoil.
Figure 14 is a flow chart, the processing that expression is carried out by controller shown in Figure 12 204.
The step S61 to S75 of Figure 14 corresponds respectively to the step S11 to S25 of the flow chart of describing with reference to Figure 10.Difference between the flow chart of Figure 14 and the flow chart of Figure 10 is; At step S61; Through coil temperature estimation unit 306 rather than through the measurement of coil temperature being calculated initial coil temperature T i; And, calculate coil temperature Ti+1 through coil temperature estimation unit 306 in a similar fashion at step S73.Except above-mentioned several aspects, the processing of accomplishing according to the flow chart of Figure 14 is similar with the processing of each step of flow chart shown in Figure 10, so will no longer repeat the description to it.
As stated, in the electric rotating machine that embodiment 6 describes, at first can change the impregnation state of coil in oil, can change cooling performance thus according to coil temperature.Only the ability coil is set to complete submerged state when coil temperature is higher; And at other times only through coming cooling coil because of the simple dirty cold oil of action of gravity, the parts such as enamel line and insulating paper only are being exposed to cold oil in the period of lacking thus.The deterioration that therefore, can suppress machinery and dielectric strength.In addition, do not need enamel line or insulating paper that oil is had very high resistance, can reduce the cost of parts thus.
In addition, the thermistor that no longer needs to be used for detected temperatures is attached to coiler part, can reduce cost thus.In addition, eliminate the operating lag problem of the thermistor that is used for detected temperatures, can before the coil excessive temperature raises, promptly improve cooling performance thus.
[embodiment 7]
In embodiment 1 to 6, described wherein from discharge the structure of oil along the upside supply cold oil of action of gravity direction and from the discharge port that is positioned at downside.In embodiment 7, description is had wherein from along the downside supply cold oil of action of gravity direction and coil is immersed in the cold oil fully, and from the stator along the structure of the upside discharging oil of action of gravity direction.
Figure 15 is the front view of the stator 400 of use among the embodiment 7.
Figure 16 is the cutaway view that the line XVI-XVI along Figure 15 is got.
With reference to Figure 15 and Figure 16, the stator 400 that uses among the embodiment 7 has the structure of the stator of describing referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 31, wherein substitutes capping 60 and 79 by capping 406 and 408.Capping 406 has cold oil supply port at the part place corresponding to the aperture 78 of capping 60.In addition, place, the top on the action of gravity direction of capping 406 is provided with cold oil discharge port 402.
In addition, use resin part 410 instead of resins parts 2.The difference of resin part 410 and resin part 2 is not to be provided with the notch portion 7 of resin part 2 as shown in Figure 3, and wall portion 3 is continuous around periphery.Capping 408 has the structure of capping of being similar to 406.Except above-mentioned several aspects, therefore the structure of stator 400 will no longer repeat the description to it with identical referring to figs. 1 to the structure of the described stator 1 of Fig. 3.
In stator 400, the winding of coil part is exposed and expose from the outer surface of resin molded body by partly.Cold oil supply port is arranged at the bottom and the cold oil discharge port is arranged at the top of capping 406.Through moulded resin part 410 and capping 406 and 408, coiler part exposed and that expose is placed in the oily runner of enclosed construction.Preferably, O ring or packing ring are set at and are used for sealing between moulded resin part 410 and capping 406 and 408.
When from the bottom of action of gravity direction during the supply cold oil, oily runner is full of cold oil fully, and discharges cold oils from the discharge port 402 that is positioned at action of gravity direction top.Can also be through the resin molded resin portion 410 that forms, and the unidirectional valve 404 that is made up of ball and spring is set in cold oil supply port, even coil also is submerged in the state in the cold oil when the cold oil transfer pump is shut down to keep wherein.
In addition, according to the level of required cooling performance, cold oil is flowed maybe be just enough near coil, and do not need exposure coil portion as shown in Figure 3.
When the stator that adopts according to embodiment 7, the Zone Full of coil exposed part all contacts with cold oil, has increased the area that between cold oil and coil, carries out heat exchange thus.Therefore, can reduce the thermal resistance between coil and the cold oil significantly, and can more effectively cool off motor.
In addition, the runner that through resin molded body and capping cold oil is flow through has enclosed construction.Therefore, can prevent that cold oil from getting into the air gap between stator and the rotor, the power loss that therefore can reduce to cause thus.
In addition; Make oil flow to the structure of the discharge port that is positioned at the place, top from the supply port that is arranged in the bottom therein; Even it is less or when oil supplying often stopped in the supply of oily time per unit; Expose portion that also can hold-in winding is immersed in the cold oil fully, can further improve the motor cooling effect thus.
[embodiment 8]
Figure 17 is the front view of the stator 500 of use among the embodiment 8.
Figure 18 is the cutaway view that the line XVIII-XVIII along Figure 17 is got.
With reference to Figure 17 and Figure 18, stator 400 has the structure with reference to the stator 400 of Figure 15 and Figure 16 description, and has capping 502 and 504 alternative cappings 406 and 408.In addition, instead of resins part 410, it has referring to figs. 2 and 3 the resin part of describing 2.
Except above-mentioned several aspects, the stator of in embodiment 7, describing 400 has similar structure with the stator 500 according to embodiment 8, therefore will no longer repeat the description to it.
Capping 502 is not provided with the cold oil discharge port 402 that is provided with on like the capping 406 of Figure 15.Alternatively, at place, the top of resin part 2, be provided with otch and form and overflow port 506 and 508 and be used to discharge cold oil.
Figure 19 shows cold oil from overflowing the situation of port infiltration.
Shown in figure 19, stator 400 is contained in the housing, and between the top 510 of stator core and housing or bottom 512, has less space (about 70 μ m).Cold oil through overfall 506 and 508 dischargings is penetrated into the space between top 510 and the stator core.Therefore, be full of the situation of air compared to this space, can reduce the thermal resistance from the core to the housing.
Figure 20 illustrates flowing from the oil that overflows the port discharging.
Shown in figure 20, from the cold oil that overflows port 506 and 508 dischargings because gravity and falling along the outer cylinder of resin molded body surface.In the stator 500 according to embodiment 8, the coil windings part exposes from the outer surface part ground of molding as shown in Figure 3.In addition, through forming molding when the injection molding groove is set, and comes enclosed slot, the oily runner of enclosed construction is set thus through capping with recessed section.O ring or packing ring preferably are set between molding and capping are used for sealing.
In addition,, form kerf at the upside place of molding upper edge action of gravity direction through molded, and from its discharging oil.Can in enclosure portion, form otch.
In addition, the external diameter through capping is set to greater than (>) external diameter of resin molded body, can shown in figure 20ly successfully make the outer cylinder surface of the molding that the cold oil that overflows flows through.
When the bottom on the action of gravity direction supply cold oil, the expose portion of coil is immersed in the cold oil fully, and cold oil overflows from the otch that is positioned at the top on the action of gravity direction of molding.
A part is overflowed cold oil and is filled in the space between core and the housing through capillarity, and remainder then flows down, thus the outer cylinder of cooling molded body shown in figure 20 surface.In cold oil supply port; Preferably be provided with like Figure 17 and unidirectional valve 404 shown in Figure 180, that form by ball and spring, thereby even when cold oil transfer pump (not shown) is in stopped status, also can the expose portion of coil be remained the state that is immersed in the cold oil.
When molded, can on resin part, form one or more haunched members through molded formation, make cold oil cover coil as far as possible equably, and increase the heat exchange area between coil and the cold oil.
In addition, according to the level of required cooling performance, form runner and make oil flow just enough, and need not to be provided with the exposure exposed part of coil near coil.
In conventional structure, the heat surperficial from the outer cylinder of molding passes through transfer of air, and expectability does not dispel the heat efficiently thus.But here, the heat transmission that non-air is carried out through cold oil is distributed to housing with heat from molding.The effect of therefore, dispelling the heat from the outer cylinder surface of molding can be than passing through high about ten times of air.Therefore, can cool off effectively motor.
In addition, when cold oil is overflowed in supply between core and housing, reduced the thermal resistance between core and the housing significantly.Therefore, when coil is living warm, increased the heat that distributes through the path from the core to the housing.Therefore can coil temperature be remained lower.Can thermal resistance be decreased to 1/5th, and be full of the situation of air, can expect radiating effect is improved about five times compared to the space between core and the housing.
In addition; Because need oil be supplied to the passage in the space between core and the housing; So can simplify shell structure (under the regular situation; Some housings are provided with oily service duct and are used for better heat exchange between core and the housing, through shown in Figure 20 flowing is set, even under the situation that shell structure is simplified, still can expect similar effects).
Although be shown specifically and described the present invention, should be understood that be understood that above-mentioned only be explanation and example and unrestricted, spirit of the present invention and scope are only defined by the clause of accompanying claims.

Claims (8)

1. an electric rotating machine comprises
Stator, the coil (11-22) that it comprises stator core (8) and twines said stator core, and be provided with coolant flow channel (30), said coolant flow channel is arranged such that at least a portion of the said coil that twines said stator core is submerged in the fluid that is used for cooling off;
With the resin molded part (2,410) of said coil stationary on said stator core; And
Be arranged in the inboard rotor (32) of said stator core; Wherein
In said coolant flow channel, at the upside on the action of gravity direction of said stator core fluid supply port (7) is set, and the fluid discharge port is set at the downside on the action of gravity direction of said stator core;
Said coolant flow channel is set to when capping is arranged on the said resin molded part, form the runner of enclosed construction;
Said electric rotating machine also comprises
Be arranged on the flow rate control unit (78,208) at said fluid discharge port place, be used to control the discharge capacity of said fluid, make said coolant flow channel suitably be filled with said fluid.
2. electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein,
Said flow rate control unit is the flow rate control valve (208) that is mounted to said fluid discharge port.
3. electric rotating machine according to claim 2 comprises
Detecting unit (206,304,306) is used to detect the state of said electric rotating machine; Wherein
Said flow rate control unit is according to the coil dipping level that changes the said fluid that is filled in the said coolant flow channel from the output of said detecting unit.
4. electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein
Said flow rate control unit defines said fluid and passes through the discharge capacity as the aperture (78) of said fluid discharge port.
5. electric rotating machine comprises:
Stator core (8);
Twine the coil (11-22) of said stator core; And
With the resin molded part (2,410) of said coil stationary on said stator core; Wherein
Said resin molded part is molded as said coil the state that a part is exposed and remainder is capped that makes as the said coil that twines said stator core;
Said electric rotating machine also comprises
Lid (60,406), it forms coolant flow channel (30) with said resin molded part, and said coolant flow channel is arranged such that the part that is exposed of said coil is submerged in the fluid that is used for cooling off.
6. electric rotating machine according to claim 5, wherein
In said coolant flow channel, at the downside on the action of gravity direction of said stator core fluid supply port is set, and fluid discharge port (402,506,508) is set at the upside on the action of gravity direction of said stator core.
7. electric rotating machine according to claim 6 also comprises
Be mounted to the unidirectional valve (404) of said fluid supply port.
8. electric rotating machine according to claim 6, wherein
Said fluid discharge port (506,508) is set at a position, is provided to said stator core and holds the space between the housing of said stator core from the said fluid of said fluid discharge port discharging allowing.
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