CN101102906A - 夹页,特别是用于书本型身份证件的夹页和生产夹页的过程和装置 - Google Patents

夹页,特别是用于书本型身份证件的夹页和生产夹页的过程和装置 Download PDF

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CN101102906A
CN101102906A CNA2005800469263A CN200580046926A CN101102906A CN 101102906 A CN101102906 A CN 101102906A CN A2005800469263 A CNA2005800469263 A CN A2005800469263A CN 200580046926 A CN200580046926 A CN 200580046926A CN 101102906 A CN101102906 A CN 101102906A
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thermoplastic elastomer
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CN101102906B (zh
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E·哈恩
C·森格
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
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Abstract

一种夹页以及用来生产夹页的过程和装置，此夹页特别是用于书本型的身份证件。将由耐热塑料制成的至少一个附加层(26)层压到至少一个由热塑性弹性体制成的层(24)上，将该至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)的一段(42)集成到一个折叠区域(31)中，而在该至少一个由热塑性弹性体制成的层(24)的外侧面上不会产生变厚的区域。

Description

夹页，特别是用于书本型身份证件的夹页和生产夹页的过程和装置
技术领域
按照独立的权利要求书的前序部分，本发明涉及是一种夹页，特别是用于书本型身份证件的夹页，以及一种生产夹页特别是用于身份证件的夹页的过程和装置。
背景技术
身份证件应理解为包括例如护照，书本型的个人身份证件，驾照，初步的个人文件或者类似物。一般说来，这些文件包括塑料的，硬纸板的或者带衬里的封皮，以及由纸和/或塑料制成的数据页。借助于接缝将这些数据页固定到端部页上或者固定到封皮的内侧面上。数据页具有个性化的数据，将身份证件持有者的最重要的个人数据和照片布置在该个性化的数据页上。其它的数据页可能包括关于持有者的入境材料比如签证，或者用于后续的入境材料比如签证的空白区域。数据页可能由不同的材料构成，并且具有不同的厚度。
欧洲专利文件EP 0 430 282 A1已经公开了多层的身份卡，这些卡包含热塑性弹性体比如热塑性的聚氨酯的中间层，并且例如PC，PET或ABS层围绕着这些卡。连续地一层布置在另一层上面的这些层具有如下缺点，它们没有令人满意的粘接性能。由于在接缝区域重复地弯折，层压在一起的页中将会产生裂纹，这些裂纹可能导致完全的断裂。
欧洲专利文件EP 1 008 459 B2公开了一种用于增强接缝区域强度的布置(或装置)，在这种布置中首先减小靠近接缝区域的层压在一起的层的厚度。用一个封闭件相对于个性化的数据页的层压在一起的层保持住固定到靠近接缝区域的减小厚度的部分上的突起。结果，借助于夹紧装置将柔性更好的材料的突起与具有层压的层封皮的个性化数据页彼此连接起来。这种文件具有如下缺点，生产过程非常复杂，并且同样存在有在突起与有层压的层封皮的个性化数据页之间的过渡区域出现断裂的危险。
发明内容
因此，本发明基于提供用于夹页的折叠区域的目的而提出，这些折叠区域展现出令人满意的弯折性能。
通过按照本发明的夹页，按照本发明的装置和按照本发明用来生产该夹页的方法实现这一目的。返回来参考相应独立的权利要求，在权利要求书中提供了另外的有利实施例和扩展。
按照本发明的夹页具有如下优点，将夹页的所有层彼此牢固地连接在一起，并且平滑的过渡区域设置在折叠区域与施加到至少一个热塑性弹性体层上的至少一个附加层之间。由于最好设置在上侧面和下侧面上的平滑的过渡区域，获得了好的弯折性能，并且避免了在接缝或被折叠的区域形成裂纹，这些裂纹会导致断裂，且在最坏的情况下，这些裂纹会导致个性化的数据页或者另外的数据页由身份证件上脱落。
进而，按照本发明的夹页的构形具有如下优点，用来容纳接缝的折叠区域具有较小的总厚度，这改进了弯折性能。至少一个热塑性弹性体层在折叠区域具有不变的厚度，或者具有比在其它区域小的厚度，为的是改进弯折性能。此外，提供了一种用来生产夹页的简单的结构和所述各层的简单构形。
按照夹页的一个有利实施例，采取了如下措施，在至少一个热塑性弹性体层的一个侧面上布置至少两个附加层，这两层中的每一层具有一个接缝侧边缘，基本上与接缝平行地伸展，直接与热塑性弹性体层连接起来的第一附加层的接缝侧边缘比至少一个附加层朝着折叠区域伸展得要近一些。这使得至少一个附加层覆盖直接座落该热塑性弹性体层上的第一附加层成为可能，并且将折叠区域做成有减小了的截面。同时，为该至少一个第一附加层提供了完全的保护。
按照本发明的一个有利的改进，由过渡区域形成折叠区域，在第一附加层的接缝侧边缘与覆盖着这个层的至少第二附加层的接缝侧边缘之间形成该过渡区域，并且以一种阶梯状的，圆滑的，波纹状的方式，以带有相同或不同的剃度和/或型面的段的形式设置该过渡区域。结果，取决于对于附加层所采用的材料和它们的厚度，或者取决于距接缝侧边缘的间距，可以形成不同的过渡区域，这些过渡区域展现出非常好的弯折性能，并且避免了裂纹的形成。
按照本发明的另一个有利的改进，对伸展成完全覆盖折叠区域、并且座落在或压入到由热塑性弹性体形成的层中的至少一个附加层采取了措施。结果，在至少一个附加层的折叠区域之间可以同样地提供一个平滑的过渡区域，该附加层施加到由热塑性弹性体形成的至少一层上。最好对至少一个附加层采取措施，将该附加层施加到由热塑性弹性体形成的层上，将所述热塑性弹性体层至少部分地压入、特别是完全地压入到接缝区域中，从而在接缝区域中保持该热塑性弹性体层的原始厚度，为的是可以容易地弯折并且实现直接的缝进(straightforward sewing in)。
按照夹页的另一个有利的改进，对至少一个附加层和/或在折叠区域具有压纹的该至少一个热塑性弹性体层采取了措施。结果，折叠区域可以设有一个或多个安全特点(或构造)，这意味着由该至少一个热塑性弹性体层将该至少一个附加层分开从处理将变得可以识别出来的。
将按照本发明的夹页形成个性化的数据页。在这种情况下，可以引入图像数据，字母和数字，以及编码，条形码或者类似物。夹页还可以添加多种安全特点，比如倾斜的图像或者全息图像，可以以格式ID-1，ID-2或ID-3或者另外的格式提供夹页，并且夹页也可以具有另外的安全特点。
借助于按照本发明用来生产夹页、特别是用于生产书本型身份证件的夹页的过程，使得简单并且成本有效地生产夹页成为可能。在一个层压过程中将用于生产夹页的各个层连接起来。在这种情况下，使得在折叠区域中由至少一个附加层到至少一个热塑性弹性体层同时形成平滑的过渡区域成为可能。结果，可以产生出折叠区域的可变形的构形，而不用任何进一步的加工。进而，不需要对该至少一个热塑性弹性体层和该至少一个附加层作预先处理。
在对座落在该至少一个热塑性弹性体层上的各层进行粘接或层压的过程中，借助于加压将设置在该至少一个热塑性弹性体层上面或下面的该至少一个附夹页连接起来，或者至少部分地将该至少一个附加层压入到该热塑性弹性体层中。结果，可以产生出没有中断表面的齐平或平滑的过渡区域。
有利的是，至少部分地将在该至少一个附加层与该至少一个热塑性弹性体层之间的过渡区域彼此用粘接剂粘合起来，彼此熔接，或者彼此焊接起来，从而形成至少部分地有粘接力的连接。
进而，按照本发明的一个替代实施例，在把该至少一个附加层层压到该至少一个热塑性弹性体层上的过程中，采取如下措施，使折叠区域变形，其方式使得可以产生出一个无中断的过渡区域。结果，除了折叠区域以外，也可以使在外侧面上邻近折叠区域的部分变形，并且将此部分重新构形。
为了进行按照本发明的过程以及生产出夹页特别是生产出用于书本型身份证件的夹页，按照本发明提供了一种进行层压的模具，此模具有至少一个压模(或型模)，该压模相对于层压模具升高，并且，在模具中的各层进行层压的过程中，将该至少一个附加层相对于该至少一个热塑性弹性体层没有中断地定位。这个压模使得折叠区域的构形可以有非常好的弯折性能。通过具有至少一个压模的这种层压模具可以在一次操作过程中引入各层。
对于被做成金属条带的压模采取了有利的措施，借助于粘接剂粘合，锡焊，焊接，用钉(或U形钉)钉住，夹紧，铆接，或者磁性保持作用力将压模设置在层压模具上。结果，可以成本有效地生产出层压模具，对于不同的折叠区域和折叠区域的不同几何形状可以改变对模具的使用。替代地，在塑料注入模塑过程中，也可以比如由特氟隆，PEEK，PET，PE，或者由通常涉及的塑料制作出压模，其可以带有纤维衬里，也可以没有纤维衬里。进而，可以采用陶瓷材料，复合陶瓷材料，或者包含硅树脂的材料。进而，可以借助于由电镀过程，除去材料的过程或者类似过程进行成形生产出压模。进而，压模可以包括一个表面时效硬化的层，将这一层形成为一个保护层和/或防止粘接的层。例如，可以采用塑料，比如特氟隆或其它材料。
最好使压模的截面与折叠区域所希望的截面形状相匹配，从而，在用压模生产折叠区域的过程中，可以将几何形状在折叠区域上成像。最好由弹簧带钢或钢片制成压模，并且压模可以包括微米范围内的不同厚度。同样，可以将压模做成许多部分，在宽度，厚度和/或长度上不同。
附图说明
在下文中将利用在附图中图示出的示例更详细地描述和解释本发明以及本发明的另外的有利实施例和扩展。按照本发明，从说明书和附图所汇集的特点可以应用到它们自身的组合或者多个任何希望的组合中，在图中：
图1示出了具有按照本发明的夹页的一个身份证件的透视图；
图2示出了按照图1所示的身份证件的示意性平面图；
图3a示出了一个示意性的剖视图，表示出在按照本发明用来生产夹页(或插页或者夹层)的过程的第一步骤；
图3b示出了按照本发明的夹页在已经完成加工之后的示意性的剖视图；
图3c-e示出了按照本发明在已经完成加工之后的的夹页的替代实施例的示意性的剖视图；
图4a示出了按照本发明的层压模具的细节的示意性的剖视图；
图4b示出了图4a所示层压模具的一个替代实施例的示意性的剖视图；
图4c示出了图4a所述层压模具的另一个替代实施例的示意性的剖视图；以及
图5示出了具有压模的按照本发明的层压模具的示意性平面图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中示出了一个身份证件11，比如一个护照。此身份证件11包括一个书蒙皮(a book binding)12，比如一本书的书封面。端页14设置在内侧面上，该端页固定到书蒙皮12上。通过一个共同的接缝16将一个夹页(或插页或者夹层)17和多个数据页18连接到端页14上。数据页18例如是书本型身份证件11的内部页，并且使用这些数据页保存签证或其它的印记。
将夹页17形成为个性化的数据页。例如可以按照ICAO标准形成一个个性化的数据页，并且，该个性化的数据页包括文件持有者的照片19，OCR机器可阅读的ICAO线21，以及其它的个性化数据22。
在图3a中示出了按照本发明第一实施例的夹页17的示意性的剖视图。夹页17包括一层作为中间层24的热塑性弹性体和至少一个在该层24上方和下方的附加层(或另外的)26。在附加层之间设置例如至少一个第一附加(或第一另外的)层28。附加层26，28最好由高温下稳定的塑料构成。中间层24具有恒定的截面。该至少一个第一附加层28以接缝侧边缘42延伸至折叠区域31，此折叠区域延伸到接缝16的左面和右面。该至少一个附加层26越过该至少一个第一附加层28延伸进入折叠区域31。将朝向接缝的层26的各边缘42布置成彼此离开一定距离，从而形成一个中间的自由区域，在此自由区域中将接缝16引进该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24中。
所采用的热塑性弹性体最好是热塑性的聚氨酯(TPU)。然而，也可以使用其它的热塑性弹性体。为此目的，所有的热塑性聚氨酯的组，热塑性的共聚酯的组，以及热塑性的聚醚嵌段酰胺(polyether blockamides)的组可供使用。所采用的高温下稳定的塑料可以例如为聚碳酸酯(PC)，聚醚砜(PES)，聚醚酮(PEEK)，聚苯撑氧化物(PPO)，聚苯撑硫化物(PPS)，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)，聚氧化丁烯(POM)，聚砜(PSU)，聚醚酰胺(PEI)，或者聚酰胺(PA)。这些高温下稳定的塑料可以单独地或者组合起来用作附加层26，28。
可以例如将一个应答单元(a transponder unit)配装或者嵌入到该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24中，层24的厚度可适应于使用功能的变化。最好，在折叠区域31中的该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24的层厚度在100微米与500微米之间。高温下稳定的塑料的附加层26，28的层厚度在20微米与500微米之间。层24，26，28中的至少一层可以有另外的安全特点(或构造)，比如安全印刷品(或保密印章)，压纹，光学上可改变的装置(全息图片)，或者类似物。
为了生产的目的，夹页17可以制造成单一空白页或者多个空白页，将夹页17放在下层压模具36上，而将单独的层24，26，28放在示意性地图示出的装置34例如一台可加热的压机中。将上层压模具36装到下层压模具36上，并且借助于压力和加热，将各个层压层24，26，28彼此粘接或连接起来。
在图3b中示出了最后生产出的夹页17的第一实施例，在该图中已经将层压模具36升高，离开夹页17。在折叠区域31中布置有至少一个高温下稳定的塑料层26，它的外表面与折叠区域31的外表面齐平。将附加层26压入到该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24中。结果，产生了由附加层26到该层24的平滑过渡，这将产生出一种稳定的装置(或布置)，这样不会形成裂纹。按照第一实施例，一个过渡区域41在接缝侧边缘42之间伸展，这些侧边缘被压入到并属于至少一个附加层26和第一附加层28，此过渡区域41是圆滑的或者形成为一个大约S形状。借助于平滑的过渡区域，可以提供一个稳定的并且能够容易折叠的装置(或布置)。
在一个没有具体示出的实施例中，可以对该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24采取相应的措施，使该至少一个热塑性弹性体层24在折叠区域31中形成有锥度，或者使该层24包括适当的凹进部分，以容纳该至少一个附加层26。
与图3b相比较，在图3c中示出了一个夹页17的过渡区域的一个替代实施例41。将过渡区域41做成阶梯状。在与附加层相比，这一实施例优选地可以在至少一个附加层28比较厚的情况下实施。这种阶梯形的安排同样也可以将层压层封皮封闭起来。
在图3d中示出了图3b和c所示夹页的替代实施例。在这个实施例中，对于这样的层26采取了有利的措施，该层是连续的，并且完全在折叠区域31上伸展。在这个实施例中，与在图3b和c中类似，对于层26采取措施，将它完全压进由热塑性弹性体形成的层24中。
在图3e中示出了图3d所示夹页的另一替代实施例。在这个实施例中，将折叠区域31中的层26固定，从而使它座落在层24上。例如如果想要形成一个增强并且稍微刚硬一些的折叠区域31，这个实施例可能是有利的。
可以借助于例如关于图3a到c描述的层压模具，或者在下面的图4和5中将描述的层压模具生产出图3d和e中的过渡区域41。
可以由设置在层压模具36上的压模38的剖面形状提供过渡区域的另外的替代实施例，并且这些过渡区域通过压模38的剖面形状来确定。
层压模具36例如可以由片状金属或类似物构成，并且借助于一种牢固的连接方式保持住压模38，比如借助于焊接，锡焊，粘接剂粘合，铆接，夹紧，或者借助于可脱开的连接，比如磁性连接，插销等。使压模38的剖面几何形状与折叠区域31的构形相匹配。按照图3a的压模包括圆滑的边缘，这些圆滑的边缘将产生柔和、平滑的过渡区域。按照图3c的压模38的实施例是带有阶梯的，这样将产生折叠区域31的阶梯状的过渡区域41。
在图4a到4c中，以示例的方式示出了用于压模38的另外的替代剖面几何形状。在图4a中，压模38包括波纹的形状。这使得例如折叠区域31的中间区域能够被加厚，接缝16就设置在这个区域中。借助于按照图4b的替代实施例，在此实施例中，压模38具有中凸的型面，可以产生带有锥度的折叠区域31。在图4c中，提供了压模38的另一替代实施例，这种压模例如包括第一圆滑段46，此圆滑段首先汇合进一个具有较小斜率的直线段47中，随后发展成一个水平方向上伸展的段48。最好将此压模38设计成镜像对称，从而在接缝16的左面和右面提供相同的段46，47，48。
在图5中提供了具有压模38的层压模具36的示意性平面图。在压模38上设有压纹或隆起(an embossing or elevation)51。在将单独的层24，26，28粘接起来的过程中将这种压纹或隆起51施加到折叠区域31上，并且将它用作进一步的安全特点(或构造)。进而，通过压模38可以附加地引入由热塑性弹性体构成的插入部件，作为安全特点。接缝侧边缘42的构形最好以直线伸展，并且与接缝16平行。同样也可以提供另外的形状，比如锯齿状的，波纹状的，或者类似形状的，也可以是相对于接缝16不平行的形状或型面。
在示例性实施例中描述的所有特点在每种情况下对于本发明是本质性的，并且可以将这些特点如所希望的那样彼此组合起来。

Claims (13)

1.一种夹页，特别是用于身份证件的夹页，通过在折叠区域(31)中的接缝(16)沿着一侧将所述夹页连接到其它部件上，且所述夹页包括至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)和至少一个附加层(26)，其中所述至少一个附加层(26)在夹页平面的方向上基本上由与所述接缝(16)相对的侧面延伸到所述折叠区域(31)，所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)延伸到所述折叠区域(31)中，其特征在于，所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)在所述折叠区域(31)中的厚度等于或小于在其它区域中的厚度，且其中，相对于所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)，所述至少一个附加层(26)具有到达所述折叠区域(31)的不中断的过渡区域(41)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的夹页，其特征在于，在所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)的一侧面上设置至少两个附加层(26，28)，每个所述附加层具有基本上与所述接缝(16)平行伸展的接缝侧边缘(42)，直接与所述热塑性弹性体层(24)连接的第一附加层(28)的接缝侧边缘(42)朝向所述折叠区域(31)延伸得比所述至少一个附加层(26)要短。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的夹页，其特征在于，在所述至少一个第一附加层(28)的所述接缝侧边缘(42)与所述附加层(26)在所述折叠区域(31)中的所述接缝侧边缘(42)之间的过渡区域(41)形成为阶梯的方式，圆滑的方式，波纹状的方式，形成的方式为带有相同或者不同剃度和/或型面的段。
4.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹页，其特征在于，所述至少一个附加层(26，28)完全在所述折叠区域(31)之上伸展，并且座落在所述热塑性弹性体层(24)上，或者被压入到所述热塑性弹性体层(24)中，从而所述折叠区域(31)的厚度与所述热塑性弹性体层(24)一样厚，或者比所述热塑性弹性体层(24)的厚度薄。
5.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹页，其特征在于，所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)和/或所述至少一个附加层(26)在所述折叠区域(31)中具有压纹(51)或隆起。
6.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹页，其特征在于，使所述至少一个附加层(26，28)个性化。
7.一种用来生产夹页(17)特别是用于书本型的身份证件(11)的夹页的过程，所述夹页包括至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)和至少一个附加层(26，28)，并且所述夹页具有折叠区域(31)，所述折叠区域设置成为了在完成身份证件(11)的过程中配装接缝(16)，其特征在于，将所述至少一个附加层(26，28)设置在所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)的上面和/或下面，并且一直延伸到所述折叠区域(31)、或者延伸到所述折叠区域(31)中，且其中，用层压模具(36)对延伸到所述折叠区域(31)中的所述至少一个附加层(26)的段(42)进行层压，使得所述段与所述折叠区域(31)的外侧面齐平。
8.按照权利要求7所述的过程，其特征在于，相对于所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)在上面和在下面设置所述至少一个第一附加层和附加层(26，28)，并且所述第一附加层(28)一直延伸到所述折叠区域(31)，而至少一个第二附加层延伸到所述折叠区域(31)中，为的是与所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)粘接起来，所述第一附加层(28)座落在所述热塑性弹性体层(24)上，并且将所述至少一个第二附加层(26)连接到所述至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)中，座落在所述热塑性弹性体层(24)上或者穿透进入所述热塑性弹性体层(24)中。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的过程，其特征在于，在过渡区域(41)中，将所述附加层(24，28)用粘接剂彼此粘接起来，彼此熔接或者彼此焊接在一起。
10.一种用来生产夹页(17)特别是用于身份证件的夹页的装置，所述夹页包括至少一个热塑性弹性体层(24)和至少一个附加层(26，28)，用上和下层压模具(36)将热塑性弹性体层彼此连接起来，其特征在于，在所述夹页(17)的折叠区域(31)中，所述层压模具(36)具有压模(38)，所述压模相对于所述层压模具(36)向上凸起。
11.按照权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压模(38)由金属，塑料，陶瓷带条制成，或者由复合材料或者包含硅树脂的材料的带条制成。
12.按照权利要求9或10所述的装置，其特征在于，借助于粘接剂粘合，锡焊，焊接，用钉钉住，夹紧，铆接，或者磁性保持装置将所述压模设置在所述层压模具(36)上，或者通过一种添加过程或除去过程特别是电镀过程或者除去材料的机械加工生产出所述压模。
13.按照权利要求9到10所述的装置，其特征在于，使所述压模(38)的截面与所述折叠区域(31)的截面形状相匹配。
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