CN101090011A - 电磁屏蔽电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电磁屏蔽电缆，包括至少一个缆芯、包覆在缆芯外表面的至少一绝缘介质层、包覆所述的至少一个缆芯外的至少一个屏蔽层和包覆在屏蔽层外的外护套，其中，该至少一个屏蔽层由聚合物材料制成，该聚合物材料内分散有碳纳米管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆，尤其涉及一种电磁屏蔽电缆。
背景技术
电磁屏蔽(Electro Magnetic Interference，EMI)电缆是电子产业里较为常用的信号传输线材，微米级尺寸的电磁屏蔽电缆更广泛应用在IT产品、医学仪器、空间设备中。传统的电缆内部设置有两个导体，内导体用以传输电信号，外导体用以屏蔽传输的电信号并且将其封闭在内部，从而使电缆具有高频损耗低、屏蔽及抗干扰能力强、使用频带宽等特性。
一般情况下，电磁屏蔽电缆从内至外的结构依次为形成内导体的缆芯、包覆在缆芯外表面的绝缘介质层、形成外导体的屏蔽层和外护套。其中，缆芯用来传输电信号，材料以铜或铜锌合金为主。屏蔽层通常由多股金属线编织或用金属薄膜卷覆在绝缘介质层外形成，用以屏蔽电磁干扰或无用外部信号干扰。对于金属线编织而成的屏蔽层，金属线的含量和编织的松紧程度会影响其抗干扰能力，为获得较好的屏蔽效果，通常，屏蔽层中金属线的含量较大且需要将其编织的较为紧密。对于金属薄膜卷覆在绝缘介质层外而成的屏蔽层，需预先形成金属薄膜后卷覆于绝缘介质层外。上述金属线编织和金属薄膜卷覆形成的屏蔽层，在生产速度上远远低于电缆缆芯的生产速度，是限制电磁屏蔽电缆量产的主要因素，另外，大量适用金属线或金属薄膜材料作为屏蔽层，电磁屏蔽电缆的生产成本也较高。
综上所述，确有必要提供一种电磁屏蔽电缆，该电缆内部设置的屏蔽层具有良好的电磁屏蔽性能并且易于制造，适于低成本大量生产。
发明内容
下面将以实施例说明一种电磁屏蔽电缆，其具有良好的电磁屏蔽效果并且结构简单适于低成本大量生产。
一种电磁屏蔽电缆，包括至少一个缆芯、包覆在缆芯外表面的至少一绝缘介质层、包覆所述的至少一个缆芯外的至少一个屏蔽层和包覆屏蔽层外的外护套，其特征在于，所述的屏蔽层由聚合物材料制成，该聚合物材料内分散有碳纳米管。
与现有技术相比，本发明的电磁屏蔽电缆的屏蔽层包含有碳纳米管，该碳纳米管具有良好的导电性能从而使屏蔽层具有较强的屏蔽效果，同时，该屏蔽层相较于先前技术中编织金属线或卷覆金属薄膜结构简单更适于低成本大量生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例电磁屏蔽电缆的立体剖视图。
图2是图1中电磁屏蔽电缆沿II-II方向的平面剖视图。
图3是本发明第二实施例电磁屏蔽电缆的平面剖视图。
图4是本发明第三实施例电磁屏蔽电缆的平面剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图详细说明本实施例电磁屏蔽电缆的结构。
本发明电磁屏蔽电缆包括至少一个缆芯、包覆在缆芯外表面的至少一绝缘介质层、至少一个屏蔽层和外护套。
请参阅图1，本发明第一实施例揭示的电磁屏蔽电缆10为电磁屏蔽同轴电缆，其包括一个缆芯110、包覆在缆芯110外表面的绝缘介质层120、包覆在绝缘介质层120外表面的屏蔽层130和包覆在屏蔽层130外表面的外护套140。绝缘介质层120、屏蔽层130和外护套140与缆芯110同轴设置。
缆芯110可以由一个单独的导电芯构成，也可以由多个导电丝相互缠绕形成，附图中仅显示一单独的导电芯。导电芯或导电丝均由导电材料制成，可以选用导电金属材料、导电金属合金材料、碳纳米管线或含碳纳米管的复合导电材料。其中，导电金属材料优选铜或铝。导电金属合金材料优选铜锌合金或铜银合金，其中，铜锌合金中铜的质量百分比约为70％，锌的质量百分比约为30％；铜银合金中铜的质量百分比约为10％～40％，银的质量百分比约为60％～90％。碳纳米管线为多个碳纳米管间通过范德华力首尾相连从而形成预定长度的碳纳米管束。碳纳米管复合导电材料由碳纳米管和含导电金属的材料组成。优选地，碳纳米管复合导电材料由碳纳米管和含铜材料制成，含铜材料优选铜、铜锌合金或铜银合金。当碳纳米管复合材料由铜和碳纳米管组成时，碳纳米管在铜材料中的重量百分比约为0.2％～2％；当碳纳米管复合材料由铜锌合金和碳纳米管组成时，铜锌合金中铜的重量百分比约为70％，锌的重量百分比约为30％，碳纳米管在铜锌合金中的重量百分比约为0.2％～2％；当碳纳米管复材料合由铜银合金和碳纳米管组成，合金中铜的重量百分比约为10％～40％，银的重量百分比约为60％～90％，碳纳米管在铜银合金中的重量百分比约为0.2％～2％。
绝缘介质层120用于电气绝缘，可以选用聚四氟乙烯或纳米粘土-高分子复合材料。纳米粘土-高分子复合材料中纳米粘土是纳米级层状结构的硅酸盐矿物，是由多种水合硅酸盐和一定量的氧化铝、碱金属氧化物及碱土金属氧化物组成，具耐火阻燃等优良特性，如纳米高岭土或纳米蒙脱土。高分子材料可以选用硅树脂、聚酰胺、聚烯烃如聚乙烯或聚丙烯等，但并不以此为限。本实施例优选纳米蒙脱土-聚乙烯复合材料，其具有良好的电气绝缘、耐火阻燃、低烟无卤等特性，不仅可以为缆芯提供有效的电气绝缘，保护缆芯，同时还能满足环保的要求。
请参阅图2，屏蔽层130为含碳纳米管132的聚合物材料134，碳纳米管132均匀地分散在聚合物材料134中。其中，聚合物材料134可以选用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate，PET)、聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate，PC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Styrene Terpolymer，ABS)、聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)等高分子材料。碳纳米管132可以选用单壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管束、多壁碳纳米管或多壁碳纳米管束。为了获得较佳的分散性能，本实施例优选长度为0.1微米～20微米、直径为0.5纳米～40纳米的碳纳米管、其在聚合物材料134中的重量百分比为1％～10％。形成含碳纳米管132的聚合物材料134的方法包括以下步骤：提供一种聚合物的预聚物溶液；将碳纳米管132加入该溶液并均匀分散；将含有碳纳米管132的溶液涂覆在绝缘介质层120的外表面，待干燥聚合物后形成聚合物材料134的屏蔽层130；或者将聚合物材料134加热融化，将碳纳米管132加入该融化的聚合物材料134中，用双辊混炼机充分混合，涂覆在绝缘介质层120的外表面，待冷却后形成聚合物材料134的屏蔽层130。
外护套140由绝缘材料制成，可以选用纳米粘土-高分子材料的复合材料，其中纳米粘土可以为纳米高岭土或纳米蒙脱土，高分子材料可以为硅树脂、聚酰胺、聚烯烃如聚乙烯或聚丙烯等，但并不以此为限。本施例优选纳米蒙脱土-聚乙烯复合材料，其具有良好的机械性能、耐火阻燃性能、低烟无卤性能，不仅可以为电缆提供保护，有效抵御机械、物理或化学等外来损伤，同时还能满足环境保护的要求。
请参阅图3，本发明第二实施例揭示的电磁屏蔽电缆20包括多个缆芯210(图3中共显示六个缆芯)、每一缆芯210外覆盖一个绝缘介质层220、包覆在多个缆芯210外的一个屏蔽层230和一个包覆在屏蔽层230外表面的外护套240。其中，每个缆芯210及绝缘介质层220、屏蔽层230和外护套240的构成与材料与第一实施例中的缆芯110、绝缘介质层120、屏蔽层130和外护套140的构成与材料基本相同。
请参阅图4，本发明第三实施例揭示的电磁屏蔽电缆30包括多个缆芯310(图4中共显示六个缆芯)、每一缆芯310外覆盖一个绝缘介质层320和一个屏蔽层330、以及包覆在多个缆芯310外表面的外护套340。屏蔽层330的作用在于对各个缆芯310进行单独的屏蔽，这样不仅可以防止外来因素对缆芯310内部传输的电信号造成干扰而且可以防止各缆芯310内传输的不同电信号间相互发生干扰。其中，每个缆芯310、绝缘介质层320、屏蔽层330和外护套340的构成与材料与第一实施例中的缆芯110、绝缘介质层120、屏蔽层130和外护套140的构成与材料基本相同。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明精神内作其它变化，当然这些依据本发明精神所作的变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种电磁屏蔽电缆，包括至少一个缆芯、包覆在缆芯外表面的至少一绝缘介质层、包覆在所述的至少一个缆芯外的至少一个屏蔽层和包覆在屏蔽层外的外护套，其特征在于，所述的屏蔽层由聚合物材料制成，该聚合物材料内分散有碳纳米管。
2.如权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的电磁屏蔽电缆为同轴电缆，包括由内至外同轴依次设置的一个缆芯、包覆缆芯外表面的一个绝缘介质层、包覆绝缘介质层外表面的一个屏蔽层和包覆屏蔽层外表面的一个外护套。
3.如权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的电磁屏蔽电缆包括多个缆芯、多个分别包覆在每一个缆芯外的绝缘介质层、包覆绝缘介质层的一个屏蔽层和包覆在屏蔽层外表面的外护套。
4..如权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的电磁屏蔽电缆包括多个缆芯、多个分别包覆在每一个缆芯外的绝缘介质层、多个分别包覆在每一个绝缘介质层外的屏蔽层和包覆在屏蔽层外的一个外护套。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的聚合物材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈一丁二烯丙烯一苯乙烯共聚物或聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。
6.如权利要求5所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的屏蔽层中碳纳米管的质量百分比含量为1％～10％。
7.如权利要求6所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的碳纳米管的长度为0.1微米～20微米，直径为0.5纳米～40纳米。
8.如权利要求7所述的电磁屏蔽电缆，其特征在于，所述的碳纳米管可以选用单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管束或多壁碳纳米管束。
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| US7413474B2 (en) | 2008-08-19 |
| CN101090011B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
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