CN101076343A - A2a腺苷受体激动剂的应用 - Google Patents
A2a腺苷受体激动剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101076343A CN101076343A CNA2005800356405A CN200580035640A CN101076343A CN 101076343 A CN101076343 A CN 101076343A CN A2005800356405 A CNA2005800356405 A CN A2005800356405A CN 200580035640 A CN200580035640 A CN 200580035640A CN 101076343 A CN101076343 A CN 101076343A
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Abstract
通过将一种包含regadenoson(一种腺苷A2A受体激动剂)的药物组合物的多个剂量给予进行心肌显像的人而实现的心肌显像方法,其中药物组合物以足以在平均冠脉峰值流速方面获得至少最小增加的量给予。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及心肌显像方法,其通过将regadenoson(一种腺苷A2A受体激动剂)的多剂量给予进行心肌显像的哺乳动物来实现。
背景技术
心肌灌注显像(MPI)是对于冠心病的检测和表征很有用的诊断技术。灌注显像利用诸如放射性核素的物质来确定血流量不足的区域。在MPI中,检测静止时的血流量,并将该结果与进行踏车锻炼(心脏压力试验,这样的用力(尽力,exertion)对于刺激血流量是必要的)过程中检测到的血流量进行比较,。不幸地,许多患者由于诸如外周血管疾病、关节炎等的医学疾病而不能够以提供充足血流量所必需的程度进行锻炼。
因此,一短时期内增加心脏血流量(CBF)的药剂将具有很大的益处,尤其是不会引起外周血管舒张的药剂。血管舒张药,例如迪普莱达莫(dipyridamole)已在用放射性核素显像之前在患者中用于这种目的。迪普莱达莫是一种长效化合物并且经常需要解毒剂以反转长期的副作用。其是一种输注而不是一种推注(如regadenoson)。其对腺苷受体也是非选择性的并且需要基于体重的给药量。
腺苷(一种天然存在的核苷酸)作为血管舒张药也是很有用的。腺苷通过与表征为亚型A1、A2A、A2B和A3的腺苷受体族相互作用而施加其生物学作用。Adenoscan是一种天然存在的腺苷的制剂。出售的Adenoscan为利用放射性铊-201的灌注研究中的佐剂。然而,它的应用由于副作用如潮红、胸部不适、急促深呼吸、头痛、喉痛、颈痛以及颚痛而受到限制。腺苷的这些有害作用是由于除了A2A之外的其它腺苷受体亚型的活化,其介导外周血管舒张效应为腺苷的支气管收缩。另外,腺苷的短半衰期使得在治疗过程中连续输注成为必要,这进一步使其应用变得复杂。Adenoscan在许多患者中是禁忌的,包括具有第二级或第三级阻滞、窦房结疾病、支气管收缩性或支气管痉挛性肺病的那些患者和具有已知的药物过敏性的那些患者。
用于A2A腺苷受体的其它有效和选择性激动剂是已知的。例如,MRE-0470(Medco)是腺苷A2A受体激动剂,其为腺苷的有效和选择性衍生物。WRC-0470(Medco)是腺苷A2A激动剂,用作显像中的佐剂。通常,诸如这些的化合物对A2A受体具有较高的亲和力,因此具有长的作用持续时间,而这在显像中是不希望的,并且可能延长副作用的持续时间。
一种特别有效和有用的腺苷A2A受体激动剂是regadenoson。Regadenoson对腺苷A2A受体是选择性的,具有较短的作用持续时间并且似乎不需要以持续输注方式来给予。Regadenoson和相关化合物以及用于制造其的方法和在心脏灌注显像中的应用披露在美国专利第6,403,567、6,642,210、6,214,807和6,770,634号以及公布的美国专利申请第2002-0012946和2004-0022177中,其每一个说明书的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。尽管regadenoson是一种已知的化合物,但是关于其药代动力学分布和可能的治疗用途范围还有许多是未知的。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是一种产生冠脉舒张而没有外周血管舒张的方法,包括给予人单剂量的一种包含regadenoson和至少一种药用赋形剂的药物组合物,其量是足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加至少约16.5cm/sec的量。
本发明的另一个方面是一种产生冠脉舒张而没有外周血管舒张的方法,包括给予人单剂量的一种包含regadenoson和至少一种药用赋形剂的药物组合物,其量是足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加至少约16.5cm/sec的量,其中该药物组合物是通过静脉推注给予的。
本发明的又一方面是一种产生冠脉舒张而没有外周血管舒张的方法,包括给予人单剂量的一种包含regadenoson和至少一种药用赋形剂的药物组合物,其量是足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加至少约16.5cm/sec的量,其中该药物组合物是在约10至约20秒内给予的。
本发明的又一方面是一种产生冠脉舒张而没有外周血管舒张的方法,包括给予人单剂量的一种包含regadenoson和至少一种药用赋形剂的药物组合物,其量是足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加至少约16.5cm/sec的量,其中给予的该药物组合物的量为足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加的量从约16.5至约77.0cm/sec范围的量。
在本发明的又一方面,该单剂量的药物组合物包含约10至约500微克的regadenoson或可替换地包含其量的范围从约0.05至约60μg/kg人体重的regadenoson。
在又一方面,本发明包括在将单剂量的药物组合物给予人之后实施该人的心肌灌注显像的步骤。在本发明的该方面,至少一种放射性核素可以在一个时间被给予该人,其中所述给予时间选自由在该人接受所述剂量的药物组合物之前、给予所述剂量的药物组合物的同时或在将所述剂量的药物组合物给予人之后组成的组。这就意味着该放射性核素和所述单剂量的药物组合物可以分别给予该人或同时给予该人。在本方法的一个优选方面,在将所述单剂量的药物组合物给予该人后约1分钟立即开始心肌检查。
具体实施方式
,当或者在服用显像剂之前或者与显像剂一起加入时,有效的A2A激动剂在心脏显像中作为佐剂是很有用的。合适的显像剂包括但不限于201铊或99m锝-Sestamibi、99mTc-teboroxime以及锝-99m(III)。
已经确定了增大CBF但不显著增大外周血流的新的和有效的A2A激动剂。一种尤其有用的A2A激动剂是regadenoson。Regadenoson在文献中也被称为CVT-3146或(1-{9-[(4S,2R,3R,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)草脲胺-2-基]-6-氨基嘌呤-2-基}吡唑-4-基)-N-甲基羰基酰胺,并具有化学式:
用于合成regadenoson以及相关化合物的方法在美国专利第6,403,567号中提出,其说明书全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
Regadenoson可以通过本领域已知的药物给予方法进行给予。优选regadenoson是静脉给药的。更优选regadenoson是以单剂量静脉给予的。术语“单剂量”通常指的是单次快速给予的一个治疗量的regadenoson的剂量。术语“单剂量”不包括通过例如连续静脉推注在延长的时间期内给予的一个剂量或多个剂量。
Regadenoson通常在使用前被合并到药物组合物中。术语“药物组合物”指的是regadenson与至少一种液体载体的组合,其一起形成溶液或悬浮液。。只要粉末在使用之前需要通过添加合适的液体载体进行重新组成,那么包括本发明组合物的冻干的粉末属于“药物组合物”的范围。合适的液体载体的实例包括但不限于水、蒸馏水、去离子水、盐水、缓冲溶液、标准等渗盐溶液、葡萄糖水溶液及其组合。这样的药物组合物通常适于注射。
如本文使用的,术语“缓冲溶液”或“缓冲剂”指的是一种含有弱酸和其共轭弱碱的溶液。将该缓冲溶液用于本发明的药物组合物中以防止pH变化。有用的缓冲溶液的非限制性实例是包含碳酸氢钠和磷酸钠的溶液。
包含本发明的化合物和/或其衍生物的药物组合物可以被配制成用于肠胃外给药的溶液或冻干粉末。粉末可通过在使用前加入一种合适的稀释剂或其它药用载体而进行重组。如果以液体形式加以使用,则本发明的化合物优选被合并到缓冲的等渗压水溶液中。合适的稀释剂的实例是标准等渗盐水溶液、标准的5%葡萄糖水溶液和缓冲乙酸钠或乙酸铵溶液。这样的液体制剂适于肠胃外给药,但也可用于口服给药。将赋形剂(如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、羟基纤维素、阿拉伯树胶、聚乙二醇、甘露醇、氯化钠、柠檬酸钠或本领域技术人员已知的任何其它赋形剂)加入到包含本发明的化合物的药物组合物中是希望的。
包含regadenoson的药物组合物可以在有或没有中间储存的情况下进行制备然后给予。当配制本发明的药物组合物时考虑的各种性能包括但不限于产品保存期、regadenoson溶解性、组合物pH值、静脉刺激作用(vein irritation)、溶血性、储存条件(例如,药物组合物是否要在室温或一些其它温度下储存)以及耐受杀菌过程的能力。
获得所希望的药物组合物性能的一种方法是药物组合物中含有共溶剂。共溶剂可选自赋予药物组合物所希望的性能的任何液体或溶液中的化合物。有用共溶剂的实例包括但不限于甲基硼酸、硼酸盐缓冲液、丙二醇、或聚乙二醇。药物组合物中共溶剂的量将取决于各种性质,如所选A2A受体激动剂的溶解性和稳定性。含有共溶剂的药物组合物的实例可以在美国专利申请公开第2005/0020915号中找到,其说明书全部内容以引入方式并入本文。
Regadenoson在水中的溶解度为约50微克/mL。因此,只要所期望regadenoson的重量可在可接受的体积内给予,则regadenoson可在水中溶解并进行给予。例如,优选约400微克的剂量可在8mL的水中进行给予。如果这个体积对于给药目的来说太大,或者如果药物组合物将在不同于室温(RT)的温度下储存,那么可将另外的成分加入到组合物中,以增大regadenoson在组合物中的溶解性和/或为所得药物组合物提供其它改善的性质,如改善的稳定性和储存性。
本发明包含regadenoson的药物组合物可以包括高达约1毫克/mL的regadenoson。优选包含regadenoson的药物组合物包括约50至约250微克/mL、并且更优选约50至150微克/mL的regadenoson。
为了提高溶解性和储存性,regadenoson可在一种包含甲基硼酸(MBA)共溶剂的药物组合物中进行给予。将该甲基硼酸加入到药物组合物,以改善激动剂溶解性和保存期。MBA增加所得组合物的pH值。当组合物pH值朝着中性下降时,包含MBA的药物组合物中的regadenoson的溶解性趋于下降。因此,在有regadenoson的情况下,最佳的含MBA的组合物pH值为约8.5至10,优选具有约9.1至约9.4的pH值,并且约9.3的pH值是最优选的。这对应于包含约50至约250mg/mL的MBA的组合物。作为MBA的可替换方案,regadenoson可与硼酸盐缓冲溶液进行组合。通常,硼酸盐缓冲溶液将由用酸或碱调节到希望的pH值如pH值为9.3的硼酸钠水溶液所组成。
含MBA的药物组合物可能有储存问题。即,当包装在某种I型玻璃容器中时,MBA可能会引起分层。这个问题可通过将含MBA的药物组合物保存在塑料容器或更高抗性的I型玻璃容器中而得以克服。
如果希望含regadenoson的药物组合物具有更接近中性的pH,则一种可替换方案是将regadenoson与丙二醇(PG)共溶剂进行组合。当使用regadenoson时,用于该组合物中的PG的量可以在按体积计约5%至高达25%的范围内,其中按体积计约8%至约20%的范围是更优选的。PG的替代物是聚乙二醇-PEG。优选PEG的平均分子量为约200至400。
优选地,包含PG或PEG的regadenoson组合物具有约6至约8的pH值,其中约7的pH值是优选的。可以使用任何生理上可接受的能够将该组合物的pH调节至希望值的缓冲液。这样的缓冲液的实例包括但不限于磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钠脱水物、和磷酸二氢钠一水合物。另外可选的成分如EDTA和二甲基乙酰胺也可用到该组合物中。
本发明的药物组合物可以包含一种或多种抗氧化剂,如丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)。
当给药时,regadenoson具有快速发作的作用和较短持续时间的作用。当以单次推注静脉内(i.v.)注射中的一个极小量给予时,regadenoson是非常有用的。Regadenoson可以以少至10μg和高至2000μg或更大的量给予。优化的剂量可以包括少至10μg和多至约1000μg或更多的regadenoson。更优选地,优化剂量为在从约100至约500μg范围的regadenoson。优选将regadenoson以选自约300μg、约400μg、约500μg、约600μg、和约700μg的量在单次推注注射中进行给予。当与通常以约140μg/kg/min的速度通过静脉输注连续给予的腺苷相比时,这些量出乎意料地小。与腺苷不同,相同剂量的regadenoson可在不考虑患者的体重的情况下可给予人类患者。因此,用于心肌显像的单次相同量的regadenoson通过静脉推注方式给予比依赖时间和体重的腺苷给予显著更简单,并且更不容易产生误差。然而,给予人患者的regadenoson的剂量是由体重决定的。通常,基于体重的剂量的范围为约0.05至约60μg/kg,并且更优选为从约0.1至约30μg/kg。当以高达10μg/kg的量给予站立的患者和以高达20μg/kg的量给予仰卧的患者时,regadenoson尤其通常是良好耐受的。
在一个可替换具体实施方式中,regadenoson可口服、静脉内、通过表皮或通过任何其它本领域已知的用于给予治疗剂的方式给予,其中静脉推注给药是优选的。在一个具体实施方式中,推注给药在60秒或更短的时间内发生。在其他具体实施方式中,推注给药在约30秒或更短的时间内,并且更优选在约20秒或更短的时间内,或在约10秒或更短的时间内发生。
Regadenoson的药代动力学在下面的实施例中更详细地进行披露。
实施例1
本研究的目的是考察regadenoson在健康人受试者中的药代动力学(PK)、药效学(PD)、以及最大耐受量。
在该研究中包括了36个健康的男性受试者。这些受试者接受单次静脉推注剂量的范围在0.1至30μg/kg的regadenoson。在这个实施例和下面的实施例2和3中给予的regadenoson剂量是中性pH剂量,包含上面论述的优选成分。Regadenoson的浓度在药物给予后在各个时间收集的血浆样品和24小时周期内收集的尿样品中确定。ECG、血压(BP)、和心率(HR)在给药后记录达24小时。不良事件(AE)在给药后监测达24小时并在7天后通过电话监测。在对血浆浓度-时间采用三室PK模型和对心率的时间-过程采用Michaelis-Menten模型中利用了总体方法。考察了各种共变数对PK和PD模型参数的可能影响。
清除率(CL)的总体值估计为40.6L/h,其中肾清除率占总清除率的57%。Regadenoson分布的体积估计为83.3L。该模型评估了一个基线和一个最大增加值在HR方面为62和76bpm。引起在HR方面(效价)半最大增加值的regadenoson的浓度估计为12.4ng/mL。诸如体重指数、体重、年龄、和身高的共变数对PK或PD参数没有影响。不良事件通常为轻微至中度、快速发作、较短持续时间,并且没有一个需要医疗介入。它们包括腹部不适、胸部压力/压迫、头晕、呼吸困难、潮红、头痛、换气过度、恶心、心悸、以及呕吐,并且随着剂量水平增加。在仰卧位的最大耐受剂量为20μg/kg,而在站立位的最大耐受剂量为10μg/kg,其中在站立位的受试者中观察到限制剂量的晕厥或接近晕厥。
这个实施例证实,regadenoson在健康男性受试者中是良好耐受的。缺少各个共变数对PK和PD模型参数的任何显著影响表明用于regadenoson的基于单位的给药量。
实施例2
本研究的目的是考察regadenoson在经历临床指示的心导管插入术的受试者中的药代动力学(PK)和药效学(PD)。
研究了36个经历临床指示的冠状动脉血管造影术的男性和女性受试者。受试者接受单次静脉推注剂量的范围在10至500μg的regadenoson。Regadenoson的浓度在药物给予之前和之后的各个时间收集的血浆样品中进行确定。利用冠脉内多普勒流量线(Dopplerflow wire)来测量ECG、平均冠脉峰值流速(APV),在给药后连续检测血压(BP)和心率(HR)达3小时。不良事件(AE)的发生在给药后监测大约3小时并在大约14天后通过电话进行监测。在对血浆浓度、APV、以及HR数据采用PK和PD模型中利用了一种总体方法。考察了各种共变数对PK和PD模型参数的可能影响。
PK数据通过三室模型被最好地描述。清除率的总体值和分布的体积被估计分别为29.9L/h和68.1L。APV数据的PD模型包含了一种假想的作用室。基线和最大增加值在APV方面基于该数据被估计为16.5和105cm/秒,具有29.9ng/mL的效价(引起半最大作用的regadenoson的浓度)。该模型评估了从血浆至作用部位的分布速率常数的较小值(4min-1),表示更快速的作用发作。一种Michaelis-Menten模型导致产生HR数据的最佳拟合,其中基线和最大增加值在HR方面估计为67和41bpm,而效价为27.5ng/mL。诸如体重指数、体重、年龄、和身高的共变数对PK或PD参数没有显著影响。少于受试者的一半(n=17)报道了AE;3个或更多受试者报道的事件是胸不适(n=3)、心动过速(n=4)、以及在导管部位出血(n=3)。
这些结果表明,regadenoson是一种有效的和良好耐受的冠状血管扩张药。缺少共变数对PK和PD模型参数的任何显著影响表明用于regadenoson的基于单位的给药量。
实施例3
Regadenoson在心肌灌注显像期间、在形成冠状动脉系统的急性扩张下是一种选择性A2-腺苷受体激动剂。A2A-腺苷受体活化被报道引起血小板聚集和嗜中性白细胞活化的抑制。
为了更完全地表征该药物,在本研究中,我们确定用于结合和对人血小板和嗜中性白细胞(膜和完整细胞)、表达人A2A受体的CHO细胞(膜和完整细胞)、以及大鼠脑纹状体膜的制剂中的regadenoson的功能性响应的亲和力和效价值。为了比较,对基准A2A激动剂CGS21680的响应的平行测定与regadenoson的每个测定一起实施。测定结果报告在下面表1中。
表1:用于regadenoson在A2A-腺苷受体的亲和力[Ki]和效价[EC50或IC50]的值(平均值±SE)
制剂 | ||||
测定 | 人血小板 | 人嗜中性白细胞 | CHO hisA2A-表达 | 大鼠纹状体 |
膜结合1 | 534±30 | 327±14 | 347±7 | 318±5 |
膜结合2 | 50±4 | 43±3 | ||
细胞cAMP含量 | 472±17 | 406±25 | 56±4 | |
血小板聚集 | 437±44 | |||
细胞钙可动化 | 108±8 | |||
超氧阴离子产生 | 328±32 |
1代替结合[3H]-ZM241385
2代替结合[3H]-CG-S21680
对regadenoson和CGS21680的响应在幅度上是相似的。在所有测定中,CGS21680比regadenoson稍微更有效(即,对于12个测定的EC50的值平均低于CGS21680的13倍)。从本研究中可以推断,与CGS21680相同,regadenoson不仅是一种冠状血管扩张药,而且也是一种血小板聚集和嗜中性白细胞活化(即,发炎)的抑制剂。
Claims (11)
1.一种产生冠脉舒张而没有外周血管舒张的方法,包括给予人单剂量的包含regadenoson和至少一种药用赋形剂的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的给予量是足以使平均冠脉峰值流速增加至少约16.5cm/sec的量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述单剂量的药物组合物是通过静脉推注给予的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述单剂量的药物组合物是在约10至约20秒内给予的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,给予的所述单剂量的药物组合物的量足以使所述平均冠脉峰值流速增加的量的范围为约16.5至约77.0cm/sec。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述单剂量的药物组合物包括约10至约500微克的regadenoson。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述单剂量的药物组合物包括的regadenoson的量的范围为约0.05至约60μg/kg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,人的心肌灌注显像是在将所述单剂量的所述药物组合物给予所述人之后实施的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括在一个时间将至少一种放射性核素给予所述人,其中所述时间选自由在所述人接受所述剂量的药物组合物之前、给予所述剂量的药物组合物的同时或在将所述剂量的药物组合物给予所述人之后组成的组。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述放射性核素和所述单剂量的药物组合物是分别给予所述人的。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述放射性核素和所述单剂量的药物组合物是同时给予所述人的。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述心肌检查在所述单剂量的所述药物组合物给予所述人后约1分钟立即开始。
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- 2005-10-19 KR KR1020077008782A patent/KR20070083714A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-10-19 US US11/253,322 patent/US7655636B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-19 CN CNA2005800356405A patent/CN101076343A/zh active Pending
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AU2005295437B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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US7655636B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 |
US20100158797A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
US8106029B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
WO2006044856A2 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20060084625A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
KR20070083714A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
WO2006044856A3 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1802317A2 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
JP2008517063A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
CA2583185A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
MX2007004749A (es) | 2007-06-18 |
IL182645A0 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
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ZA200703229B (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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